应用云模型和Favour排序的多目标优化算法(英文)

论文给出了一个基于云模型和利用Favour排序的多目标优化算法,其新颖之处是依据云模型理论估计好解区域和新解的生成.该算法利用优化过程中获得的信息构建好解区域的云模型并用逆向云发生器估计该云模型的3个数字特征;之后,依据这3个数字特征,用正向云发生器生成当前子代种群,并用Favour排序对当前种群和当前子代种群的并集进行排序,然后,依据排序结果选择最好的一些个体形成下一代.该算法与其他算法就一组基准函数进行了测试比较,结果表明该算法更有效.

Malignant colorectal polyps

Nowadays, the number of cases in which malignant colorectal polyps are removed is increasing due to colorectal cancer screening programmes. Cancerous polyps are classified into non-invasive high grade neoplasia (NHGN), when the cancer has not reached the muscularis mucosa, and malignant polyps, classed as T1, when they have invaded the submucosa. NHGN is considered cured with polypectomy, while the prognosis for malignant polyps depends on various morphological and histological factors. The prognostic factors include, sessile or pedunculated morphology of the polyp, whether partial or en bloc resection is carried out, the degree of differentiation of the carcinoma, vascular or lymphatic involvement, and whether the polypectomy resection margin is tumor free. A malignant polyp at T1 is considered cured with polypectomy ifit is a pedunculated polyp (Ip of the Paris classification), it has been completely resected, it is not poorly differentiated, the resection edge is not affected by the tumor and there is no vascular or lymphatic involvement. The sessile malignant polyp (Is of the Paris classification) at T1 is considered not cured with polypectomy. Only in some cases (e.g. older people with high surgical risk) local excision(polypectomy or endoscopic submucosal dissection or conventional endoscopic mucosal resection) is considered the definitive treatment.

Study of coronary sinus anatomy during levophase of coronary angiography

BACKGROUND Coronary sinus(CS)imaging has recently gained importance due to increasing need for mapping and ablation of electrophysiological arrhythmias and left ventricular(LV)pacing during cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT).Retrograde venogram is the current standard for imaging CS and its tributaries.AIM To evaluate CS anatomy during levophase of routine coronary angiography to aid LV lead implantation during CRT.METHODS In this prospective observational study,164 patients undergoing routine coronary angiography for various indications(Chronic stable angina-44.5%,acute coronary syndrome-39.5%,Dilated cardiomyopathy-11%,atypical chest pain-5%)were included.Venous phase(levophase)of left coronary injection was recorded in left anterior oblique-cranial and right anterior oblique-cranial views.Visibility of coronary veins,width and shape of CS ostium,angulations of proximal CS with body of CS were noted.Presence,size,take-off angle and tortuosity of posterolateral vein(PLV),anterior interventricular veins(AIV)and middle cardiac vein(MCV)were also noted.RESULTS During levophase,visibility grade(Muhlenbruch grade)for coronary veins was 3 in 74%and 2 in 26%of cases.Visibility of CS did not correlate with body mass index.The diameter of CS ostium was<10 mm,10-15 mm and>15 mm in 48%,42%and 10%of patients respectively.Proximal CS was tubular in 136(83%)patients and funnel-shaped in 28(17%)patients.Sharp take-off angulation between ostium and body of CS was seen in 16(10%)patients.Two or more PLV were present in 8 patients while PLV was absent in 52(32%)patients.Angle of take-off of PLV with body of CS was favourable(0°-45°)in 65(40%)patients.The angle was 45°-90°in 36 patients and difficult take-off angle(>90°)was seen in 8 patients.Length of PLV reached distal third of myocardium in 84 cases and middle third in 11 cases.There was no tortuosity in 79 cases,a single bend in 29 cases and more than 2 bends in 4 cases.Thirty nine(24%)patients had other veins supplying posterior/Lateral wall of LV.There was a single vein supplying lateral/posterior wall in 31(19%)patients.Diameter of MCV and AIV was significantly larger in patients with absent PLV as compared to patients with a PLV.CONCLUSION Levophase study of left coronary injection is effective in visualization of the CS in almost all patients undergoing coronary angiography and may be an effective alternative to retrograde venogram in patients with LV dysfunction or LBBB.

A method to evaluate REE-HFSE mineralised provinces by value creation potential, and an example of application: Gardar REE-HFSE province, Greenland

The rare earth elements and high-field-strength elements(REE-HFSE)exploration sector conducts most evaluations at deposit and smaller scales.It is not evident how the sector performs a preceding exploration stage—rating and prioritising REE-HFSE mineralised provinces—to determine which provinces are prospective enough to warrant investment.Here we present an objective,repeatable,low-cost method to screen any REE-HFSE province,as a foundation for district-scale investigations or asset evaluations.It is original for REE-HFSE screening,and adapted from regional scale copper,cobalt and petroleum exploration,and CO2 storage,screening methods.It is centred upon a mineralised province’s favourability for potential value creation,and to identify:(a)its main information gaps;(b)its weakest links;(c)its exploration maturity and remaining potential category;(d)how it compares against other REE-HFSE provinces;and(e)if further investigation is justified.This method incorporates geoscience,strategy,economic and socio-environmental factors in a way that is understandable and directly usable across stakeholder groups.The workflow is systematic,yet flexible enough to accommodate organisationspecific criteria,and usable for other commodities.It provides the platform to build a global REE-HFSE province map and database consistently across national boundaries and organisations.Categories for the extent of province exploration maturity and remaining mineral potential are proposed.We illustrate the applicability of these methods using the Gardar REE-HFSE Province(GRHP)of south Greenland.We conclude that it is a moderate size,frontier province that is currently of questionable favourability for value creation.To move GRHP into a positive favourability class,its current weak links need strengthening by research,government policy and industry stakeholders:evaluate the mineral system;integrate all information geospatially and place it in the public domain;help the region improve some community health and safety issues;convert some mineral resources into an Ore Reserves category;commence mining and sales production.

Diffusion activation energy versus the favourable energy in two-order-parameter model:A molecular dynamics study of liquid Al

In the present work, we find that both diffusion activation energy Ea（D） and Ea（S^ex） increase linearly with pressure and have the same slope （0.022±0.001 eV/GPa） for liquid Al. The temperature and pressure dependence of excess entropy is well fitted by the expression -S^ex （T, P）/kB = a（P）＋ b（P）T ＋ c（P） exp（Ef/kBT）, which together with the small ratio of Ef/kB T leads to the relationship of excess entropy to temperature and pressure, i.e. Sex ~ -cEf/T, where c is about 12 and Ef （= △E - P△V） is the favourable energy. Therefore, there exists a simple relation between Ea（S^ex） and Ef, i.e. Ea（S^ex） ≈ cEf.

Prevalence and Predictors of Viral Hepatitis D Co-Infection in Chronic HbsAg Carriers

The characteristics of viral hepatitis B and D co-infection are poorly documented in Chad. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of HBV/HDV co-infection and the characteristics of this co-infection. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study including all patients with chronic HBsAg carriers referred in our department from January 2014 to December 2018. Non-inclusion criteria were: absence of anti-HDV testing, presence of anti-viral hepatitis C or Human Immunodeficiency Virus antibodies or excessive alcohol consumption. The variables studied were age, sex, blood transaminase level, HBV DNA level, HDV RNA level, and liver fibrosis and activity score (Actitest Fibrotest). The prevalence of HDV and the characteristics of HDV/HBV co-infection were determined. Results: During the study period, 403 patients were seen in these two hospitals for chronic HBsAg carriage. Of these, 378 (75%) had performed the anti HDV assay. Anti-HDV antibodies were positive in 53 patients (14%). In multivariate analysis, HBV/HDV co-infected patients were less frequently HBeAg positive (5.4% vs. 28.1%;p = 0.0001), older (35 years vs. 32 years;p = 0.001), and more frequently had significant necrotic-inflammatory activity (3.9% vs. 3.2%;p = 0.031) compared with mono infected patients. Neither gender (76.9% male vs. 77.4% male;p = ns), nor viral load (median 530 IU/ml vs. 195 IU/ml;p = ns), nor significant liver fibrosis (35.1% vs. 47.1%;p = ns), nor transaminases (median 26 vs. 32 IU/ml) were different with mono infected patients. Conclusion: VHD is common in Chad. It is associated with increased hepatic necrotic-inflammatory activity.

《Hyper Space》《Favour》

《Hyper space》的整体创作思路源于我对空间的求索,在此过程中《超空间》给予我无限的灵感——‘宇宙的广阔无垠引起了一种存在主义冲击,动摇了我的存在基础。我所经历或所知的一切,放在那存在的广阔海洋之中,看起来是微不足道的。＇这次的毕业创作通过用点线面的几何手法,运用重复、重叠、拼接与不规则形式来产生视觉空间效果：让人在视觉、触觉上多方位体验空间感受。这次选择的材料——漆画是我之前没有接触到的领域,这次是第一次尝试。