Feeding Management and Disease Prevention and Control of Pet Guinea Pigs

Guinea pig is widely used in clinical drug experiments as a laboratory animal.Because of its small and lovely size,guinea pig is often kept as a pet by many families.However,there are few reports on the feeding management and disease prevention and control of pet guinea pigs.This article introduced the experience and technology of feeding management and disease prevention of pet guinea pigs,in order to provide a reference for the feeding management and disease prevention of pet guinea pigs.

Taxol Production in Suspension Cultures of Taxus chinensis as Affected by the Combination of Nutrient Feed with Dissolved Oxygen Control

Influence of the combination of nutrient feed with dissolved oxygen control on taxol production in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd. was investigated in bioreactors. Addition of feeding medium with 20 g/L sucrose on day 16 enhanced both the biomass and taxol production in 5-L bioreactors. Further investigation of the fed-batch cultures in a 20-L bioreactor showed that cultivation under a low dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) of 20% for the entire culture resulted in the highest taxol content of 0.98 mg/g DW, while the taxol production was lower than that with 40% and 60% DOT. Moreover, taxol accumulation was remarkably improved by the cultivation of cells initially under DOT of 60% for 20 d followed by changing the DOT to 20% for another 12 d. By combining the use of these two strategies, a maximum taxol content of 18.7 mg/L was obtained in a 20-L bioreactor.

Control System Development and Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Vibration Feeding

Ultrasonic vibration feeding（UVF） method which can quantitatively feed and precisely deposit fine powder is a potential technique for micro feeding.The excitation sources transmit vibration to capillary though the third medium for most UVF devices.The vibrator is directly touched with the capillary can transmit mechanical energy on the capillary as much as possible,and the powder feeding can be controlled more precise.However,there are few reports about it.A direct UVF system which integrates the function of micro feeding,process observing,and powder forming was developed in this work.In order to analyze the effect of the system factors on feeding,a group of L9（3^3） orthogonal experiments are selected to confirm the effect of level change of factors.The three factors are capillary nozzle diameter,amplitude and signal.The flow rate was stable for each combined factors,and the optimum combination for the minimum flow rate are choosing small capillary,small amplitude,and triangular wave orderly.The whole process of feeding includes start point,middle stage and stop stage.Starting of feeding was synchronized to vibration when the amplitude of capillary nozzle is larger than critical amplitude.Then,the feeding process enters the middle stage,the feeding state is observed by the CCD,and it is very stable in the middle stage.Overflow of feeding can＇t be eliminated during the stop stage.The features of the deposited powder lines are analyzed; the overflow can be diminished by choosing small capillary and appropriate ratio of the capillary nozzle diameter to the particle size.Chinese characters lattices were deposited to validate the ability of quantitatively feeding and fixed feeding of UVF.Diameters of all powder dots show normal distribution,and more than 60% dots are concentrated from 550 μm to 650 μm,and the average diameter for all the dots is 597 μm.Most dots positions are well approached to their scheduled positions,and the maximum deviation is 0.27 mm.The new direct UVF system is used to implement experiments,which confirms the precise controllable of feeding.According improve the feeding technique,it suits well for rapid prototyping,chemistry,pharmaceutics and many other fields,which require precise measurement and feed minim powder.

Design of speed controller for electronic fuel injection gasoline generator based on feed-forward PID control

As for the application of electronic fuel injection （EFI） system to small gasoline generator set, mechanical speed controller cannot be coupled with EFI system and has the shortcomings of lagged regulation and poor accuracy, a feed-forward control strategy based on load combined with proportional-integral-differential （PID） control strategy was proposed, and a digital speed controller applied to the electrical control system was designed. The detailed control strategy of the controller was intro- duced. The hardware design for the controller and the key circuits of motor driving, current sampling and angular signal captu- ring were given, and software architecture was discussed. Combined with a gasoline generator set mounted with EFI system, the controller parameters were tuned and optimized empirically by hardware in loop and bench test methods. Test results show that the speed deviation of generator set is low and the control system is stable in steady state; In transient state the control system responses quickly, has high stability under mutation loads especially when suddenly apply and remove 100% load, the speed deviation is within 8% of reference speed and the transient time is less than 5 s, satisfying the ISO standard.

A Two-stage pH and Temperature Control with Substrate Feeding Strategy for Production of Gamma-aminobutyric Acid by Lactobacillus brevis CGMCC 1306

Methods to optimize the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA） by Lactobacillus brevis CGMCC 1306 were investigated. Results indicated that cell growth was maximal at pH 5.0, while pH 4.5 was pref-erable to GABA formation. The optimal temperature for cell growth （35 °C） was lower than that for GABA forma-tion （40 °C）. In a two-stage pH and temperature control fermentation, cultures were maintained at pH 5.0 and 35 °C for 32 h, then adjusted to pH 4.5 and 40 °C, GABA production increased remarkably and reached 474.79 mmol·L-1 at 72 h, while it was 398.63 mmol·L-1 with one stage pH and temperature control process, in which cultivation con-ditions were constantly controlled at pH 5.0 and 35 °C. In order to avoid the inhibition of cell growth at higher L-monosodium glutamate （L-MSG） concentrations, the two-stage control fermentation with substrate feeding strat-egy was applied to GABA production, with 106.87 mmol （20 g） L-MSG supplemented into the shaking-flask at 32 h and 56 h post-inoculation separately. The GABA concentration reached 526.33 mmol·L-1 at 72 h with the fer-mentation volume increased by 38%. These results will provide primary data to realize large-scale production of GABA by L. brevis CGMCC 1306.

An Intelligent Non-Collocated Control Strategy for Ball-Screw Feed Drives with Dynamic Variations

The ball-screw feed drive has varying high-order dynamic characteristics due to flexibilities of the slender screw spindle and joints between components, and an obvious feature of non-collocated control when a direct position measurement using a linear＇scale is employed. The dynamic characteristics and non- collocated situation have long been the source of difficulties in motion and vibration control, and deterio- rate the achieved accuracy of the axis motion. In this study, a dynamic model using a frequency-based sub- structure approach is established, considering the flexibilities and their variation. The position-dependent variation of the dynamic characteristics is then fully investigated. A corresponding control strategy, which is composed of a modal characteristic modifier （MCM） and an intelligent adaptive tuning algorithm （ATA）, is then developed. The MCM utilizes a combination of peak filters and notch filters, thereby shaping the plant dynamics into a virtual collocated system and avoiding control spillover. An ATA using an artificial neural network （ANN） as a smooth parameter interpolator updates the parameters of the filters in real time in order to cope with the feed drive＇s dynamic variation. Numerical verification of the effectiveness and robustness of the orooosed strategy is shown for a real feed drive.

Automatic control strategy for step feed anoxic/aerobic biological nitrogen removal process

Control of sludge age and mixed liquid suspended solids concentration in the activated sludge process is critical for ensuring effective wastewater treatment. A nonlinear dynamic model for a step-feed activated sludge process was developed in this study. The system is based on the control of the sludge age and mixed liquor suspended solids in the aerator of last stage by adjusting the sludge recycle and wastage flow rates respectively. The simulation results showed that the sludge age remained nearly constant at a value of 16 d in the variation of the influent characteristics. The mixed liquor suspended solids in the aerator of last stage were also maintained to a desired value of 2500 g/m3 by adjusting wastage flow rates.

Real-time Feed-forward Force Compensation for Active Magnetic Bearings System Based on H∞ Controller

There are two kinds of unbalance vibrations—force vibration and displacement vibration due to the existence of unbalance excitation in active magnetic bearings（AMB） system. And two unbalance compensation methods—closed-loop feedback and open loop feed-forward are presented to reduce the force vibration. The transfer function order of the control system directly influencing the system stability will be increased when the closed-loop method is adopted, which makes the real-time compensation not easily achieved. While the open loop method would not increase the primary transfer function order, it provides conditions for real-time compensation. But the real-time compensation signals are not easy to be obtained in the open loop method. To implement real-time force compensation, a new method is proposed to reduce the force vibration caused by the rotor unbalance on the basis of AMB active control. The method realizes real-time and on-line force auto-compensation based on H∞ controller and one novel feed-forward compensation controller, which makes the rotor rotate around its inertia axis. The time-variable feed-forward compensatory signal is provided by a modified adaptive variable step-size least mean square（VSLMS） algorithm. And the relevant least mean square（LMS） algorithm parameters are used to solve the H∞ controller weighting functions. The simulation of the new method to compensate some frequency-variable and sinusoidal signals is completed by MATLAB programming, and real-time compensation is implemented in the actual AMB experimental system. The simulation and experiment results show that the compensation scheme can improve the robust stability and the anti-interference ability of the whole AMB system by using H∞ controller to achieve close-loop control, and then real-time force unbalance compensation is implemented. The proposed research provides a new control strategy containing real-time algorithm and H∞ controller for the force compensation of AMB system. And the stability of the control system is finally improved.

Adaptive fuzzy integral sliding mode pressure control for cutter feeding system of trench cutter

A nonlinear pressure controller was presented to track desired feeding pressure for the cutter feeding system(CFS) of trench cutter(TC) in the presence of unknown external disturbances.The feeding pressure control of CFS is subjected to unknown load characteristics of rock or soil; in addition,the geological condition is time-varying.Due to the complex load characteristics of rock or soil,the feeding velocity of TC is related to geological conditions.What is worse,its dynamic model is subjected to uncertainties and its function is unknown.To deal with the particular characteristics of CFS,a novel adaptive fuzzy integral sliding mode control(AFISMC) was designed for feeding pressure control of CFS,which combines the robust characteristics of an integral sliding mode controller and the adaptive adjusting characteristics of an adaptive fuzzy controller.The AFISMC feeding pressure controller is synthesized using the backstepping technique.The stability of the overall closed-loop system consisting of the adaptive fuzzy inference system,integral sliding mode controller and the cutter feeding system is proved using Lyapunov theory.Experiments are conducted on a TC test bench with the AFISMC under different operating conditions.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AFISMC feeding pressure controller for CFS gives a superior and robust pressure tracking performance with maximum pressure tracking error within ?0.3 MPa.

Modeling a high output marine steam generator feedwater control system which uses parallel turbine-driven feed pumps

Parallel turbine-driven feedwater pumps are needed when ships travel at high speed. In order to study marine steam generator feedwater control systems which use parallel turbine-driven feed pumps, a mathematical model of marine steam generator feedwater control system was developed which includes mathematical models of two steam generators and parallel turbine-driven feed pumps as well as mathematical models of feedwater pipes and feed regulating valves. The operating condition points of the parallel ttu-bine-driven feed pumps were calculated by the Chebyshev curve fit method. A water level controller for the steam generator and a rotary speed controller for the turbine-driven feed pumps were also included in the model. The accuracy of the mathematical models and their controllers was verified by comparing their results with those from a simulator.

A fuzzy control system of the variable construction for the feeding coal in the jigging process

This paper analyzes the detection means of the feeding coal in the jigging process, and puts forward a fuzzy control system of the variable construction in order to control the feeding coal. The fuzzy control system consists of three parts: bang-bang control, keep control and fuzzy control.

Modified coupled map car-following model and its delayed feedback control scheme

A modified coupled map car-following model is proposed, in which two successive vehicle headways in front of the considering vehicle is incorporated into the optimal velocity function. The steady state under certain conditions is obtained. An error system around the steady state is studied further. Moreover, the condition for the state having no traffic jam is derived. A new control scheme is presented to suppress the traffic jam in the modified coupled map car-following model under the open boundary. A control signal including the velocity differences between the following and the considering vehicles, and between the preceding and the considering vehicles is used. The condition under which the traffic jam can be well suppressed is analysed. The results are compared with that presented by t^onishi et al. （the KKH model）. The simulation results show that the temporal behaviour obtained in our model is better than that in the KKH model. The simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.

China's Feed Companies Eye Safety Control

China’s feed companies in China are looking to strengthen safety control substantially according to the highest international standard. The first step will be improving the feed safety control in the pre-mixture and compound feed production. The next step will be extending

Grazing rate and feeding selectivity of small and large bodied cladocerans in waters from lakes with different salinity and phytoplankton structure

Cladocera are filter feeders abundant in freshwaters,which consume phytoplankton particles in wide size and taxonomic ranges.The ability of cladocerans to control phytoplankton abundance by grazing is determined by various factors including the characteristics of phytoplankton.Freshwater salinization may reduce the strength of top-down grazing control of phytoplankton because of the detrimental effects of salinity on the grazing intensity of zooplankters.We performed grazing experiments with two species of Cladocera of different body lengths to test their ability to graze on phytoplankton in natural waters differing in salinity and size and taxonomic composition of food particles.Grazing experiments demonstrated that the grazing rate was mostly controlled by the abundance of phytoplankton in the medium.The grazing rate was reduced at salinity ca.above 3 g/L of NaCl in the medium.The lower grazing rate was observed in the medium with larger phytoplankton particles.Both species predominantly consumed phytoplankton particles with a diameter of 6-12μm,which may shift the size distribution of phytoplankton towards a larger average diameter of particles.The taxon-specific feeding was also observed,as both species predominantly consumed diatom algae.Thus,we found that because of grazing,the size and taxonomic characteristics of phytoplankton are shifted towards a less edible community.The detrimental effect of elevated salinity on grazing rate supports growing concern about freshwater salinization negatively affecting water quality,particularly reducing top-down grazing control of phytoplankton.

Load Shedding Strategy Based on Combined Feed-Forward Plus Feedback Control over Data Streams

In data stream management systems (DSMSs), how to maintain the quality of queries is a difficult problem because both the processing cost and data arrival rates are highly unpredictable. When the system is overloaded, quality degrades significantly and thus load shedding becomes necessary. Unlike processing overloading in the general way which is only by a feedback control (FB) loop to obtain a good and stable performance over data streams, a feedback plus feed-forward control (FFC) strategy is introduced in DSMSs, which have a good quality of service (QoS) in the aspects of miss ratio and processing delay. In this paper, a quality adaptation framework is proposed, in which the control-theory-based techniques are leveraged to adjust the application behavior with the considerations of the current system status. Compared to previous solutions, the FFC strategy achieves a good quality with a waste of fewer resources.

Feed-Forward-Like Decoupling Control in Coagulation Bath of Carbon Fiber Precursor

The coagulation bath system of carbon fiber precursor is a complicated and multivariable coupling system. Based on the model of industrial production,the full dynamic decoupling control of the coagulation bath system of carbon fiber precursor is achieved in combination with multivariable feed-forward-like decoupling and proportional-integral-differential( PID) control. Compared with the conventional PID decoupling control,the experiment results show that the proposed method has a better control effect. The use of the controller can achieve complete decoupling of three parameters from coagulation bath system. The method should have great applications.

配施硅肥对稻飞虱取食量、田间种群数量及水稻产量的影响

为探明增施硅肥在水稻田稻飞虱绿色防控中的作用,本文采用室内蜜露测定、田间盆拍调查等方法研究了在广西代表性土壤条件下增施硅肥对稻飞虱蜜露量、田间种群数量及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens St l和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera Horváth在施硅量为15 kg/hm^(2)和45 kg/hm^(2)水稻上的平均蜜露量均显著低于不施硅对照。在水稻分蘖期,与不施硅对照相比,15 kg/hm^(2)施硅处理下两个试验点稻飞虱发生量均显著减少;45 kg/hm^(2)施硅处理下宾阳试验点的稻飞虱发生量显著减少,而合浦试验点在水稻分蘖盛期稻飞虱发生量虽未显著减少,但水稻分蘖后期稻飞虱发生量极显著低于不施硅对照,减少了51.03%。在水稻灌浆期,与不施硅对照相比,宾阳试验点15 kg/hm^(2)和45 kg/hm^(2)施硅处理稻飞虱的发生量均极显著减少,而合浦试验点稻飞虱发生量没有显著变化。15 kg/hm^(2)和45 kg/hm^(2)施硅处理的稻谷千粒重均显著高于不施硅对照,产量比不施硅对照提高1.88%~9.05%。增施硅肥可明显降低水稻田稻飞虱的取食量和田间种群发生量,同时在一定程度上提高了稻谷产量,因此,水稻增施硅肥有助于广西稻飞虱的绿色防控。

精密伺服串级进给冲压控制系统的设计与实现

为了提高冲压送料精度,提升冲压件的产品质量,针对当前卷料送料工艺的不足,设计了一种新型线材送料储料架结构,利用两级伺服协调匹配上料,并提出一种卷料储料串级进给速度控制方法。基于三菱PLC和上位机软件设计了一套精密伺服送料控制系统装置,根据精密伺服送料长度和冲压节拍,夹棍伺服控制储料架线材在高限周围波动,实现线材缓冲储料,该方法有效避免了线材在冲压送料时被拉伤的情况出现。可扩展的上位机设计方法,可同时监控多台送料系统,并自动生成报表,实现送料储料及冲压生产的在线管控。改进后的精密伺服自动送料系统的可扩展性和多样化程度更高,该系统装置已经在冲压相关企业中得到应用。

可调倾角编程式多功能取苗试验台设计与试验

针对现有取苗试验台不能满足多种型号钵盘和取苗机构进行取苗试验的需求,设计了一种由多个步进电机驱动、可调取苗机构倾角、可编程控制系统的多功能取苗试验台。该试验台通过调节取苗机构安装支架的位姿、改变钵盘驱动鼠笼钢丝间距以及所在圆周直径,可以适应不同型号钵盘和满足多种取苗机构的试验要求;通过编写控制器程序可控制3个步进电机联动并实现送苗装置的横、纵向送苗与取苗机构取苗进程相匹配。在三维软件中对试验台进行了建模、装配和虚拟仿真,在加工制造的物理样机上进行了2种型号钵盘和3种取苗机构的取苗试验。3次试验结果表明:在此试验台上能够顺利完成取苗试验,证明该试验台满足多种型号钵盘和多种类型取苗机构的试验需求。

基于OBE理念的林业“自动控制原理”实践教学改革探索

基于OBE理念,从林业领域对新工科工程技术人员的具体特色需求出发,遵从“电类”专业实践教学培养方案及毕业要求,以“自动控制原理”实验课程为例,以问题为抓手,以成果为导向,探索基于OBE理念的“自动控制原理”实践教学目标,改革实践教学内容及教学方法,建立合理的考核评价体系,通过科研反哺教学,建立基于林业科研项目的案例库,并应用于“自动控制原理”实践教学,促使专业承担起人才培养的任务和基础,为林业生态发展提供高素质的“电类”工程技术人员。