Design and implementation of power and phase feedback control system for ICRH on EAST

Ion cyclotron wave resonance heating(ICRH) is one of the most important auxiliary methods to heat plasma in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST). Several megawatts of power is transmitted through separate coaxial lines and coupled with the plasma through arrays of loop antennas. The parameters of the ICRH system, including the injected power and phasing between antenna straps, are critical to the coupling efficiency of the power as well as the resulting impact on the heating efficiency. In this paper, we present a system for feedback control of the phase between the current straps and the ICRH power on EAST. The feedback control system was tested using both a matched dummy load and a plasma load, and it successfully maintained stable operation in the 2016 EAST campaign. Good control of the injected power and wave phases was achieved during edgelocalized mode operation.

Output-feedback Dynamic Surface Control for a Class of Nonlinear Non-minimum Phase Systems

In this paper, an output-feedback tracking controller is proposed for a class of nonlinear non-minimum phase systems.To keep the unstable internal dynamics bounded, the method of output redefinition is applied to let the stability of the internal dynamics depend on that of redefined output, thus we only need to consider the new external dynamics rather than internal dynamics in the process of designing control law. To overcome the explosion of complexity problem in traditional backstepping design, the dynamic surface control(DSC) method is firstly used to deal with the problem of tracking control for the nonlinear non-minimum phase systems. The proposed outputfeedback DSC controller not only forces the system output to asymptotically track the desired trajectory, but also drives the unstable internal dynamics to follow its corresponding bounded and causal ideal internal dynamics, which is solved via stable system center method. Simulation results illustrate the validity of the proposed output-feedback DSC controller.

New Feedback Architecture for VCO-Based Delta-Sigma ADCs Utilizing Phase Shifter

The voltage controlled oscillator-based （VCO-based） continuous-time delta-sigma （CTDS） analog to digital converter （ADC） suffers from nonlinearity and mismatch in its feedback network. A new feedback network consisting of a phase shifter is proposed. The phase shifter replaces the digital to analog converter （DAC） in the proposed architecture. Feasibility of the proposed idea is discussed and its higher performance is illustrated through a behavioral simulation approach （CppSim）. We have also developed the phase shifter as a variable all-pass filter in the C language. The nonlinearity and mismatch of the system caused by DAC is mitigated, resulting in higher signal to noise ratio （SNR） and signal to noise and distortion ratio （SNDR）, respectively.

Generalised synchronisation of spatiotemporal chaos using feedback control method and phase compression

Coupled map lattices are taken as examples to study the synchronisation of spatiotemporal chaotic systems. First, a generalised synchronisation of two coupled map lattices is realised through selecting an appropriate feedback function and appropriate range of feedback parameter. Based on this method we use the phase compression method to extend the range of the parameter. So, we integrate the feedback control method with the phase compression method to implement the generalised synchronisation and obtain an exact range of feedback parameter. This technique is simple to implement in practice. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed program.

Feedback Control System for Antenna Phase Difference in the LHCD Experiments

It is well accepted that lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） is the most efficient method for non-inductive current drive in fusion devices and the effect of the current drive is dependent on not only microwave power but also its grill phase shift. This paper presents a new kind of feedback control system for antenna phase difference in LHCD experiments. In this highspeed control system, a lot of new technologies and methods are incorporated. The results of the experiments show a very good agreement with the system design.

Laser Intensity Variation in Amplitude and Phase Induced by Elliptically Polarized Feedback

The laser output characteristics under elliptically polarized optical feedback effect are studied. Elliptically polarized light is generated by wave plate placed in the feedback cavity. By analyzing the amplitude and phase of the laser output in the orthogonal direction, some new phenomena are firstly discovered and explained theoretically.Elliptically polarized feedback light is amplified in the gain medium in the resonator, and the direction perpendicular to the original polarization direction is easiest to oscillate. The laser intensity variation in amplitude and phase are related to the amplified mode and the anisotropy of external cavity. The theoretical analysis and experimental results agree well. Because the output characteristic of the laser has a relationship with the anisotropy of the external cavity, the phenomenon also provides a method for measuring birefringence.

Quantitative feedback theory and zero phase error tracking control combined robust control for radar truck leveling simulator

Radar leveling system is the key equipment for improving the radar mobility and survival capability. A combined quantitative feedback theory (QFT) controller is designed for the radar truck leveling simulator in this paper, which suffers from strong nonlinearities and system parameter uncertainties. QFT can reduce the plant uncertainties and stabilize the system, but it fails to obtain high-precision tracking. This drawback can be solved by a robust QFT control scheme based on zero phase error tracking control (ZPETC) compensation. The combined controller not only possesses high robustness, but greatly improves the system performance. To verify the effiectiveness and the potential of the proposed controller, a series of experiments have been carried out. Experimental results have demonstrated its robustness against a large range of parameters variation and high tracking precision performance, as well as its capability of restraining the load coupling among channels. The combined QFT controller can drive the radar truck leveling platform accurately, quickly and stably.

受内反馈控制的Phase-Field系统的稳定性

该文证明了受内反馈控制的 phase- field系统的解在某些条件下是稳定的 .

QFT control based on zero phase error compensation for flight simulator

To improve the robustness of high-precision servo systems, quantitative feedback theory （QFT） which aims to achieve a desired robust design over a specified region of plant uncertainty is proposed. The robust design problem can be solved using QFT but it fails to guarantee a high precision tracking. This problem is solved by a robust digital QFT control scheme based on zero phase error （ZPE） feed forward compensation. This scheme consists of two parts： a QFT controller in the closed-loop system and a ZPE feed-forward compensator. Digital QFT controller is designed to overcome the uncertainties in the system. Digital ZPE feed forward controller is used to improve the tracking precision. Simulation and real-time examples for flight simulator servo system indicate that this control scheme can guarantee both high robust performance and high position tracking precision.

AN M/G/1 RETRIAL QUEUE WITH SECOND MULTI-OPTIONAL SERVICE,FEEDBACK AND UNRELIABLE SERVER

An M/G/1 retrial queue with two-phase service and feedback is studied in this paper, where the server is subject to starting failures and breakdowns during service. Primary customers get in the system according to a Poisson process, and they will receive service immediately if the server is available upon arrival. Otherwise, they will enter a retrial orbit and are queued in the orbit in accordance with a first-come-first-served （FCFS） discipline. Customers are allowed to balk and renege at particular times. All customers demand the first “essential” service, whereas only some of them demand the second “multi-optional” service. It is assumed that the retrial time, service time and repair time of the server are all arbitrarily distributed. The necessary and sufficient condition for the system stability is derived. Using a supplementary variable method, the steady-state solutions for some queueing and reliability measures of the system are obtained.

Theoretical design for a class of chaotic stream cipher based on nonlinear coupled feedback

A class of chaotic map called piecewise-quadratic-equation map to design feedback stream cipher is proposed. Such map can generate chaotic signals that have uniform distribution function, δ-like autocorrelation function. Compared with the piecewise-linear map, this map provides enhanced security in that they can maintain the original perfect statistical properties, as well as overcome the defect of piecewise-linearity and expand the key space. This paper presents a scheme to improve the local complexity of the chaotic stream cipher based on the piecewise-quadratic-equationmap. Both the theoretic analysis and the results of simulation show that this scheme improves the microstructure of the phase-space graph on condition that the good properties of the original scheme are remained.

A sensitive method of determining optic axis azimuth based on laser feedback

A sensitive method to determine the optic axis azimuth of the birefringence element is presented, which is based on laser feedback. The phase difference between the two intensities in birefringence feedback changes with the angle between the optic axis of the birefringence element and laser original polarization. The phase difference is highly sensitive to the relative position of the optic axis and the laser original polarization. This method is used to highly precisely determine the optic axis azimuth, and is able to distinguish between the fast axis and the slow axis of the birefringence element. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are both demonstrated.

Design of Wide Band CMOS VCO with Common Source Transformer Feedback Topology

This paper demonstrates wide-band CMOS VCO based on the transformer feedback from traditional circuit to our proposed work. The start up condition of the traditional cross-coupled pair is expressed by the high frequency model. The wide band technique of this structure is derived with the help of the high frequency model of the transistor. Therefore, the wide band CMOS VCO based on the common source transformer feedback topology can achieves the high performance in the low voltage and low phase noise. The measurement result of the VCO exhibits the figure of merit, core power consumption and output power at supply voltage 0.8 V are –193.1 dBc/Hz, 4.4 mW and –2.3 dBm, respectively. The phase noise is –124.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset under the operation frequency 5.8 GHz. And the tuning range of the circuit can obtain 28%, this VCO is fabricated in TSMC 0.18 μm 1P6MCMOS process.

基于全光混沌注入双环电光相位反馈环的混沌保密通信系统研究

针对现有混沌保密光通信系统时延特征隐藏所需反馈增益系数较大这一问题,设计了一种基于全光混沌注入双环电光相位反馈环的混沌保密通信系统。首先,由全光反馈产生光混沌并将其耦合至2个电光相位混沌反馈环中。然后,通过相位调制的方式实现信息与混沌载波的非线性耦合并参与混沌载波的生成。最后,在检测端通过光混沌同步实现信号的解密。借助MATLAB软件仿真分析了系统中混沌信号的复杂度、时延特征隐藏、同步性、鲁棒性和通信性能。仿真结果表明,所设计的混沌保密通信系统在较小的反馈系数时具有较高的复杂度且时延特征得到较好的隐藏。

光纤布拉格光栅长外腔反馈半导体激光器特性研究

窄线宽激光器是光谱学和精密计量学等实验的基本组成部分。由于半导体激光器对外部光学反馈十分敏感,所以可以利用光反馈的高带宽抑制半导体激光器的相位噪声,进而压窄线宽。本文采用光纤布拉格光栅作为反馈元件,搭建了长外腔反馈回路。为了降低外界环境温度起伏和气流扰动的影响,对反馈光路的光纤控温,使得1小时内最大温度起伏从0.039℃降低到0.003℃。此外,测试了反馈带宽对激光线宽的影响,尽管实验所用光纤布拉格光栅的带宽远大于自由运转的激光线宽,但仍然可以观察到激光线宽被压窄,且光纤光栅的带宽越小,激光线宽越窄。对于此现象,分析认为在反馈回路中应该存在一种负反馈机制,可以将激光线宽稳定到反馈光谱的某个斜率处,所以光纤光栅的反馈带宽越窄,反馈光谱的斜率越大,反馈越灵敏。通过调整光纤光栅的反馈功率在0~1 mW范围内改变,观察到当反射功率为0.8 mW时,光反馈将激光线宽从自由运转的100.5 kHz压窄到最窄的11.5 kHz,0.2 kHz~2 MHz范围内的相位噪声降低约20 dB。

复杂环境下光学反馈拉曼光谱气体检测技术研究

介绍了一种稳健的光反馈锁相方法,通过结合腔透射信号的强度和形状来识别相位偏差,使得整个2π周期中任意位置的相位都可以生成合适的误差信号。避免了传统光反馈锁相方法在进行相位调整时仅能处理微小相位偏差的不足。模拟在不同反馈相位下透射信号的强度和形状,理论分析全相位可调光反馈锁频方法的可行性,提出了反馈相位调节思路。基于该方法设计并搭建了光学反馈拉曼光谱气体检测平台,实验验证了在模拟干扰(快速气流冲击)的环境条件下,所提出的光反馈锁相方法具有更高的稳定性和更强的恢复能力,并对空气中的O_(2)、N_(2)以及CO_(2)标准浓度气体进行了拉曼光谱检测,检测限分别为4.8 Pa(48.83μL/L)、5.8 Pa(57.43μL/L)和4.4μL/L。

一种24~27 GHz共源共栅高增益低噪声放大器设计

基于40 nm CMOS工艺,设计了一款高增益的低噪声放大器芯片。该芯片的拓扑架构采用了变压器输入匹配技术和正反馈同相放大技术,以提高输入匹配程度和增益。通过在传统共源共栅结构的输入级引入有源偏置网络及变压器匹配网络,实现的芯片在仿真环境下不仅能够在常温条件下稳定工作,还展现出-40℃~125℃范围内的优越性能。因此,该设计可用于不同温度环境下毫米波频段的收发机接收端口,并且有着一定的温度稳定特性。该低噪声放大器芯片的版图尺寸为0.383 mm×0.694 mm。版图后仿真结果显示,在24~27 GHz的工作频段内,该低噪声放大器常温下实现了低于4.96 d B的噪声系数、18.11 d B的最大增益、小于-16.08 d B的输入回波损耗和小于-11.54 d B的输出回波损耗。此外,该低噪声放大器设计还具有输入P_(1dB)为-20.36 d Bm、直流功耗P_(diss)为12.8 m W等优异指标。

基于相位跟踪反馈控制的光纤GIS局放超声检测

为实现对气体绝缘开关设备(GIS)的局部放电超声光学稳定检测,根据Michelson干涉原理构建GIS局部放电超声传感系统,设计一种可增强相位跟踪反馈抗干扰性能的新方法。在GIS设备上开展了干扰测试,构建得到能满足现场GIS局部放电超声检测要求的传感系统。研究结果表明:该方法可对低于1.8 kHz低频噪声造成的相位衰落起到明显的抑制效果。根据相位衰落抑制效果测试结果,设置相位反馈控制,传感系统达到40 mV的稳定幅值,保证光纤传感系统在100 Hz电动力干扰的条件下依然保持良好的稳定性。GIS局放检测试验结果显示,10 s内Michelson光纤干涉系统对局部放电超声信号达到精确检测的效果,压电传感器(PZT)未检测到局部放电的信号。该研究具有较好的实际应用价值,易于推广。

面向悬浮光力系统的集成化反馈控制器研究

悬浮光力系统具有高灵敏度、高稳定性和低耗散等特点,有望发展成为新型高性能力学传感器。针对目前悬浮光力系统存在的反馈控制器兼容性差、软硬件成本高、集成度低等问题,提出了一种兼容多种反馈控制模式的软硬件设计方案,并研制了一套高度集成的反馈控制器,在160 mm×170 mm×42 mm的尺寸上集成了六通道模数/数模转换器、滤波器、现场可编程门阵列+微处理器(FPGA+ARM)等功能模块,并且开发了基于数字锁相环和比例积分微分(PID)控制器的控制算法,最终在同一套硬件系统上实现了跨尺度微粒的运动信息采集和反馈控制,以及数十赫兹至亚兆赫兹的感知带宽。实验结果表明,该集成反馈控制器能够实现超高真空(10-6 Pa量级)下亚微米及微米尺度微粒的稳定悬浮和运动控制。在扩展系统感知带宽的同时减小了整体体积,为悬浮光力传感技术的器件化奠定了基础。

一种带有尾电流源反馈的FBAR振荡器

为改善振荡器相位噪声性能,设计了一种带有尾电流源反馈的薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)振荡器。研究表明,尾电流源晶体管闪烁噪声和谐振回路是振荡器相位噪声的主要来源。为了降低尾电流源晶体管闪烁噪声对振荡器相位噪声的影响,采用两组对称分离且工作在亚阈值区域的P型金属氧化物半导体(PMOS)偏置电流源进行尾电流反馈。与传统单个尾电流源相比,该技术具有更好的相位噪声性能。同时,基于对Hajimiri噪声模型的分析,利用尾电流源反馈技术,控制振荡器在振幅达到峰值及零穿越点时的电流大小,以进一步改善相位噪声性能。高Q值谐振器可以显著提高振荡器的整体相位噪声性能,因此,设计采用高Q值微机电系统(MEMS)器件FBAR作为谐振腔,并通过TSMC 180 nm RF CMOS工艺完成电路设计。结果表明:该振荡器输出频率为1.93 GHz,整体电路功耗为580μW,在1 kHz偏频处相位噪声为-89.7 dBc/Hz,计算得到灵敏值(Factor Of Merit,FOM)为217 dB。