Han Fei presented a thought-provoking perspective on human nature and its implications for governance.Departing from traditional moral doctrines,Han Fei’s“non-moralistic”philosophy posited that human nature is inhe...Han Fei presented a thought-provoking perspective on human nature and its implications for governance.Departing from traditional moral doctrines,Han Fei’s“non-moralistic”philosophy posited that human nature is inherently self-interested and driven by personal gain.In this paper,we explore Han Fei’s keen insights into human nature and its practical application in political governance.His emphasis on aligning political strategies with human inclinations,rather than relying solely on moral preaching,highlights the complexity and pragmatism of his approach.However,we also examine the limitations of his philosophy,particularly in disregarding individual differences and idealism.By striking a balance between political expediency and moral considerations,Han Fei’s ideas continue to resonate with contemporary discussions on governance and human behavior.This study calls for a reflective and cautious assessment of the implications of Han Fei’s“non-moralistic”thought in today’s society.展开更多
As a national cultural property,General Zhang Fei’s Temple is the largest ancient architectural complex in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.It was built in the Han Dynasty and has a long history of nearly 2,000 ...As a national cultural property,General Zhang Fei’s Temple is the largest ancient architectural complex in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.It was built in the Han Dynasty and has a long history of nearly 2,000 years.In 1994,the Chinese government launched the Three Gorges Dam project at the Yangtze River and implemented the largest relocation project for the General Zhang Fei Temple to prevent it from being submerged.The temple was relocated 32 kilometers upstream along with the local people of Yunyang County,and the historic environment was rebuilt on the opposite side of the migrant city of New Yunyang County.The temple was restored successfully and the tradition of offering sacrifices to General Zhang Fei continued in the local community.The relocation project lasted for 8 years and became the largest cultural heritage conservation project of the People’s Republic of China at the end of the 20th century.This paper comprehensively summarizes and reviews the project goals,implementation process,and project highlights of this relocation,so as to provide an important case reference for heritage conservation projects in the future.展开更多
Qing Fei Xiao Yan Wan had been incorporated into the existing “Chinese Pharmacopoeia”, protected by patents. The manufacturing process of it was scientific and its compatibility was reasonable. It was also shown by ...Qing Fei Xiao Yan Wan had been incorporated into the existing “Chinese Pharmacopoeia”, protected by patents. The manufacturing process of it was scientific and its compatibility was reasonable. It was also shown by clinical trials that the efficacy is exact. Clinical trials and experiment studies had confirmed the efficacy and some mechanism for the treatment of respiratory diseases, which were summaried in this paper. Combined with the experimental results (published in another paper), the other prospect application was further discussed.展开更多
Objective:By data mining,to analyze the characteristics of Professor Han Fei’s medication in the treatment of children with epilepsy,to explore the rules of medication,in order to provide reference for clinical treat...Objective:By data mining,to analyze the characteristics of Professor Han Fei’s medication in the treatment of children with epilepsy,to explore the rules of medication,in order to provide reference for clinical treatment of children with epilepsy by Chinese medicine.Methods:From January 2008 to March 2021,we collected the diagnosis and treatment data of the children with epilepsy who were treated by Professor Han Fei in the outpatient department of Guang’Anmen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.Using the software of IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0 and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0,the characteristics and rules of Professor Hanfei’s Chinese materia medica used were summarized through the descriptive analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis of drug cumulative frequency,drug flavor,drug channel tropism and efficacy.Results:A total of 224 cases were included in this study,excluding 1 case with other neurological disorders.Finally,223 prescriptions were included,involving 176 kinds of Chinese materia medica and the total medication frequency was 4712.The first 10 highfrequency Chinese materia medica were Chaihu(95.52%),Bombyx batryticatus(94.17%),keels(83.41%),oysters(72.65%),earthworm(72.20%),fructus aurantii(66.37%),Scorpion(64.57%),Gastrodia elata(60.99%),Acorus gramineus(59.19%)and Dannan Xing(58.30%).The main Chinese materia medica used were mainly for suppressing hyperactive liver for calming endogenous wind,relieving exterior syndromes and tranquillizing mind.The medicine properties were mainly to be flat,slight cold,pungent,bitter and willing,and they were mainly for liver,lung and heart meridian tropism.Correlation Analysis:Bupleurum chinense,Bombyx batryticatus,Dragon Bone,oyster as its core medicine group,Semen Ziziphi spinosae and semen platycladi are effective strong correlation medicine pair.Three medicine combinations were obtained by cluster analysis.Conclusion:Hanshi has the characteristics of“calming liver,tranquilizing mind,calming endogenous wind,removing the phlegm and extravasated blood”in treating epilepsy.展开更多
Fei Xiaotong’s(Fei Hsiao-tung)works on rural economies and societies written in the 1940s were deeply affected by British economic historian R.H.Tawney.Through comparison,this article reveals at least two connections...Fei Xiaotong’s(Fei Hsiao-tung)works on rural economies and societies written in the 1940s were deeply affected by British economic historian R.H.Tawney.Through comparison,this article reveals at least two connections between their works.First,Tawney’s analysis of the transition from agricultural modernization to industrial modernization in Britain serves as a reference for Fei’s works on the economic transformation of the Yangtze Valley in Jiangsu and Lucun village in Yunnan.Second,Tawney’s“theory of gentry”also serves as the underlying view for Fei’s theory on the functions of the Chinese gentry.However,Fei does not simply follow Tawney’s steps.Instead,he offers unique insights into the issues of horticulture transformation and gentry types in China.Furthermore,in Fei’s social theory and practice,the role of“state”was considered to be less positive.The interrelations of the community,market,intellectuals and the state construct Fei’s modernization scheme of China.His idea about how China,a slower participant in the world system,can maintain economic autonomy was still valuable today.展开更多
Cui Fei was born in 1970 in Jinan,Shandong Province.After graduating from the China Academy of Fine Arts,Hangzhou,she moved to the United States in 1996 and has been resident there ever since.Although painting was the...Cui Fei was born in 1970 in Jinan,Shandong Province.After graduating from the China Academy of Fine Arts,Hangzhou,she moved to the United States in 1996 and has been resident there ever since.Although painting was the primary focus in the first展开更多
Objective:Qu Du Qiang Fei 1 Hao Fang(QDQF1)is a novel Chinese herbal medicine formula used to treat coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the pharmacological mechanisms of action of QDQF1 remain unclear.The objec...Objective:Qu Du Qiang Fei 1 Hao Fang(QDQF1)is a novel Chinese herbal medicine formula used to treat coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the pharmacological mechanisms of action of QDQF1 remain unclear.The objective of this study was to identify the effective ingredients and biological targets of QDQF1 for COVID-19 treatment.Materials and Methods:The effective ingredients and mechanisms of action of QDQF1 were analyzed by using network pharmacology methods,which included an analysis of the effective ingredients and corresponding targets,COVID-19-related target acquisition,compound-target network analyses,protein-protein interaction network analysis,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analyses,and molecular docking studies.Results:In total,288 effective QDQF1 ingredients were identified.We identified 51 core targets from the 148 targets through an overlap between putative QDQF1 targets and COVID-19-related targets.Six key components,including formononetin,kaempferol,luteolin,naringenin,quercetin,and wogonin were identified through component-target network analyses.GO functional enrichment analysis of the core targets revealed 1296 items,while KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 148 signaling pathways.Nine central targets(CCL2,CXCL8,IL1B,IL6,MAPK1,MAPK3,MAPK8,STAT3,and TNF)related to the COVID-19 pathway were identified in the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.Furthermore,molecular docking analysis suggested that the docking scores of the six key components to the nine central targets were better than those to remdesivir.Conclusions:QDQF1 may regulate multiple immune-and inflammation-related targets to inhibit the progression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,and thus,may be suitable for the treatment of COVID-19.展开更多
Background: Scientific procedures for addressing noseband fit and tightness, eliminating the risk of excessive and painful tightening, as well as quantitative measurements of pressures under the noseband while riding ...Background: Scientific procedures for addressing noseband fit and tightness, eliminating the risk of excessive and painful tightening, as well as quantitative measurements of pressures under the noseband while riding are either scarce or lacking. Purpose/Aim: To assess simple means of measuring pressure under different nosebands with a view to their adoption as scientific methodology. Method: Horses (n = 7) were fitted with five different bridles (A-E). Pressure distribution and intensity were measured using colour sensitive film (Fujifilm LLLW), assessing the level of pressure and distribution across the surface of the nosebands, as assessed and ranked by independent assessors. A CURO system was also used to measure pressure in real-time under nosebands whilst riding. Results: The colour-sensitive film for D & B were ranked 1st and 2nd, respectively. Regularity of pressure overall showed a statistical difference between nosebands (A & B significantly more unregular than the others). Pressure measurements revealed significantly different means (all P Conclusions: Pressures under nosebands can reach levels that appear capable of inflicting tissue damage, hence bridles and nosebands should be assessed using scientific methodology and not based on arbitrary and subjective criteria, as is currently the case.展开更多
文摘Han Fei presented a thought-provoking perspective on human nature and its implications for governance.Departing from traditional moral doctrines,Han Fei’s“non-moralistic”philosophy posited that human nature is inherently self-interested and driven by personal gain.In this paper,we explore Han Fei’s keen insights into human nature and its practical application in political governance.His emphasis on aligning political strategies with human inclinations,rather than relying solely on moral preaching,highlights the complexity and pragmatism of his approach.However,we also examine the limitations of his philosophy,particularly in disregarding individual differences and idealism.By striking a balance between political expediency and moral considerations,Han Fei’s ideas continue to resonate with contemporary discussions on governance and human behavior.This study calls for a reflective and cautious assessment of the implications of Han Fei’s“non-moralistic”thought in today’s society.
文摘As a national cultural property,General Zhang Fei’s Temple is the largest ancient architectural complex in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.It was built in the Han Dynasty and has a long history of nearly 2,000 years.In 1994,the Chinese government launched the Three Gorges Dam project at the Yangtze River and implemented the largest relocation project for the General Zhang Fei Temple to prevent it from being submerged.The temple was relocated 32 kilometers upstream along with the local people of Yunyang County,and the historic environment was rebuilt on the opposite side of the migrant city of New Yunyang County.The temple was restored successfully and the tradition of offering sacrifices to General Zhang Fei continued in the local community.The relocation project lasted for 8 years and became the largest cultural heritage conservation project of the People’s Republic of China at the end of the 20th century.This paper comprehensively summarizes and reviews the project goals,implementation process,and project highlights of this relocation,so as to provide an important case reference for heritage conservation projects in the future.
文摘Qing Fei Xiao Yan Wan had been incorporated into the existing “Chinese Pharmacopoeia”, protected by patents. The manufacturing process of it was scientific and its compatibility was reasonable. It was also shown by clinical trials that the efficacy is exact. Clinical trials and experiment studies had confirmed the efficacy and some mechanism for the treatment of respiratory diseases, which were summaried in this paper. Combined with the experimental results (published in another paper), the other prospect application was further discussed.
基金Special Fund Support for Basic Scientific Research Business Fee of Central Level Public Welfare Research Institute(No.ZZ13-024-05,ZZ15-XY-PT-03)。
文摘Objective:By data mining,to analyze the characteristics of Professor Han Fei’s medication in the treatment of children with epilepsy,to explore the rules of medication,in order to provide reference for clinical treatment of children with epilepsy by Chinese medicine.Methods:From January 2008 to March 2021,we collected the diagnosis and treatment data of the children with epilepsy who were treated by Professor Han Fei in the outpatient department of Guang’Anmen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.Using the software of IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0 and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0,the characteristics and rules of Professor Hanfei’s Chinese materia medica used were summarized through the descriptive analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis of drug cumulative frequency,drug flavor,drug channel tropism and efficacy.Results:A total of 224 cases were included in this study,excluding 1 case with other neurological disorders.Finally,223 prescriptions were included,involving 176 kinds of Chinese materia medica and the total medication frequency was 4712.The first 10 highfrequency Chinese materia medica were Chaihu(95.52%),Bombyx batryticatus(94.17%),keels(83.41%),oysters(72.65%),earthworm(72.20%),fructus aurantii(66.37%),Scorpion(64.57%),Gastrodia elata(60.99%),Acorus gramineus(59.19%)and Dannan Xing(58.30%).The main Chinese materia medica used were mainly for suppressing hyperactive liver for calming endogenous wind,relieving exterior syndromes and tranquillizing mind.The medicine properties were mainly to be flat,slight cold,pungent,bitter and willing,and they were mainly for liver,lung and heart meridian tropism.Correlation Analysis:Bupleurum chinense,Bombyx batryticatus,Dragon Bone,oyster as its core medicine group,Semen Ziziphi spinosae and semen platycladi are effective strong correlation medicine pair.Three medicine combinations were obtained by cluster analysis.Conclusion:Hanshi has the characteristics of“calming liver,tranquilizing mind,calming endogenous wind,removing the phlegm and extravasated blood”in treating epilepsy.
基金The paper was the research result of the“Study on the Theory and Methodology of the Rural Social Transformation by the Yanching School”(18BSH001)a general project under the National Social Science Foundation of China.Thoughts on the paper were initially formed in the“Shiheng Excellent Lecture”sponsored by Yunnan Shiheng Education Foundation in the summer of 2016.
文摘Fei Xiaotong’s(Fei Hsiao-tung)works on rural economies and societies written in the 1940s were deeply affected by British economic historian R.H.Tawney.Through comparison,this article reveals at least two connections between their works.First,Tawney’s analysis of the transition from agricultural modernization to industrial modernization in Britain serves as a reference for Fei’s works on the economic transformation of the Yangtze Valley in Jiangsu and Lucun village in Yunnan.Second,Tawney’s“theory of gentry”also serves as the underlying view for Fei’s theory on the functions of the Chinese gentry.However,Fei does not simply follow Tawney’s steps.Instead,he offers unique insights into the issues of horticulture transformation and gentry types in China.Furthermore,in Fei’s social theory and practice,the role of“state”was considered to be less positive.The interrelations of the community,market,intellectuals and the state construct Fei’s modernization scheme of China.His idea about how China,a slower participant in the world system,can maintain economic autonomy was still valuable today.
文摘Cui Fei was born in 1970 in Jinan,Shandong Province.After graduating from the China Academy of Fine Arts,Hangzhou,she moved to the United States in 1996 and has been resident there ever since.Although painting was the primary focus in the first
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973543)the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.22YF1449800),China。
文摘Objective:Qu Du Qiang Fei 1 Hao Fang(QDQF1)is a novel Chinese herbal medicine formula used to treat coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the pharmacological mechanisms of action of QDQF1 remain unclear.The objective of this study was to identify the effective ingredients and biological targets of QDQF1 for COVID-19 treatment.Materials and Methods:The effective ingredients and mechanisms of action of QDQF1 were analyzed by using network pharmacology methods,which included an analysis of the effective ingredients and corresponding targets,COVID-19-related target acquisition,compound-target network analyses,protein-protein interaction network analysis,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analyses,and molecular docking studies.Results:In total,288 effective QDQF1 ingredients were identified.We identified 51 core targets from the 148 targets through an overlap between putative QDQF1 targets and COVID-19-related targets.Six key components,including formononetin,kaempferol,luteolin,naringenin,quercetin,and wogonin were identified through component-target network analyses.GO functional enrichment analysis of the core targets revealed 1296 items,while KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 148 signaling pathways.Nine central targets(CCL2,CXCL8,IL1B,IL6,MAPK1,MAPK3,MAPK8,STAT3,and TNF)related to the COVID-19 pathway were identified in the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.Furthermore,molecular docking analysis suggested that the docking scores of the six key components to the nine central targets were better than those to remdesivir.Conclusions:QDQF1 may regulate multiple immune-and inflammation-related targets to inhibit the progression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,and thus,may be suitable for the treatment of COVID-19.
文摘Background: Scientific procedures for addressing noseband fit and tightness, eliminating the risk of excessive and painful tightening, as well as quantitative measurements of pressures under the noseband while riding are either scarce or lacking. Purpose/Aim: To assess simple means of measuring pressure under different nosebands with a view to their adoption as scientific methodology. Method: Horses (n = 7) were fitted with five different bridles (A-E). Pressure distribution and intensity were measured using colour sensitive film (Fujifilm LLLW), assessing the level of pressure and distribution across the surface of the nosebands, as assessed and ranked by independent assessors. A CURO system was also used to measure pressure in real-time under nosebands whilst riding. Results: The colour-sensitive film for D & B were ranked 1st and 2nd, respectively. Regularity of pressure overall showed a statistical difference between nosebands (A & B significantly more unregular than the others). Pressure measurements revealed significantly different means (all P Conclusions: Pressures under nosebands can reach levels that appear capable of inflicting tissue damage, hence bridles and nosebands should be assessed using scientific methodology and not based on arbitrary and subjective criteria, as is currently the case.
