Investigations into the Anti-Felting Properties of Sputtered Wool Using Plasma Treatment

In this research the effects of mordant and plasma sputtering treatments on the crystallinity and morphological properties of wool fabrics were investigated. The felting behavior of the treated samples was also studied. We used madder as a natural dye and copper sulfate as a metal mordant. We also used copper as the electrode material in a DC magnetron plasma sputtering device. The anti-felting properties of the wool samples before and after dying was studied, and it was shown that the shrink resistance and anti-felting behavior of the wool had been significantly improved by the plasma sputtering treatment. In addition, the percentage of crystallinity and the size of the crystals were investigated using an X-ray diffractometer, and a scanning electron microscope was used for morphological analysis. The amount of copper particles on the surface of the mordanted and sputtered fabrics was studied using the energy dispersive X- ray （EDX） method, and the hydrophobic properties of the samples were examined using the water drop test. The results show that with plasma sputtering treatment, the hydrophobic properties of the surface of wool become super hydrophobic.

MXene Enhanced 3D Needled Waste Denim Felt for High‑Performance Flexible Supercapacitors

MXene,a transition metal carbide/nitride,has been prominent as an ideal electrochemical active material for supercapacitors.However,the low MXene load limits its practical applications.As environmental concerns and sustainable development become more widely recognized,it is necessary to explore a greener and cleaner technology to recycle textile by-products such as cotton.The present study proposes an effective 3D fabrication method that uses MXene to fabricate waste denim felt into ultralight and flexible supercapacitors through needling and carbonization.The 3D structure provided more sites for loading MXene onto Z-directional fiber bundles,resulting in more efficient ion exchange between the electrolyte and electrodes.Furthermore,the carbonization process removed the specific adverse groups in MXenes,further improving the specific capacitance,energy density,power density and electrical conductivity of supercapacitors.The electrodes achieve a maximum specific capacitance of 1748.5 mF cm-2 and demonstrate remarkable cycling stability maintaining more than 94%after 15,000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles.Besides,the obtained supercapacitors present a maximum specific capacitance of 577.5 mF cm^(-2),energy density of 80.2μWh cm^(-2)and power density of 3 mW cm^(-2),respectively.The resulting supercapacitors can be used to develop smart wearable power devices such as smartwatches,laying the foundation for a novel strategy of utilizing waste cotton in a high-quality manner.

DNA条形码技术在快速鉴定石斛兰斑翅康瘿蚊(Contarinia maculipennis Felt)上的应用

石斛兰(Dendrobium nobile)因花形独特、色彩丰富,且植株具有很大药用价值,而深受国际市场喜受。石斛兰在热带、亚热带地区有广泛种植。斑翅康瘿蚊(Contarinia maculipennis Felt)的幼虫可藏于石斛兰花苞中,造成花苞畸形、变色,受到斑翅康瘿蚊危害的兰花的观赏性大大降低,影响其经济价值;斑翅康瘿蚊的老熟幼虫还可弹跳入土化蛹,随鲜花贸易进行远距离传播,目前斑翅康瘿蚊的传播已对日本的冲绳、福冈、宫崎和美国的夏威夷等地的石斛兰产业造成严重经济损失。传统瘿蚊科昆虫种类鉴定主要以形态学特征为依据,对于相近种,尤其是幼虫和卵在形态学鉴定上存在着很大局限性,故需寻找准确、快速鉴定斑翅康瘿蚊的方法,同进建议谨防其入侵我国其他的石斛兰种植区。本研究通过DNA条形码技术成功鉴定采自海南岛的样本为斑翅康瘿蚊,并详细描述了斑翅康瘿蚊的形态特征,为相关检疫部门准确、快速鉴定斑翅康瘿蚊提供科学依据。

Multiple-dimensioned defect engineering for graphite felt electrode of vanadium redox flow battery

The scarcity of wettability,insufficient active sites,and low surface area of graphite felt(GF)have long been suppressing the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs).Herein,an ultra-homogeneous multipledimensioned defect,including nano-scale etching and atomic-scale N,O codoping,was used to modify GF by the molten salt system.NH_(4)Cl and KClO_(3) were added simultaneously to the system to obtain porous N/O co-doped electrode(GF/ON),where KClO_(3) was used to ultra-homogeneously etch,and O-functionalize electrode,and NH4Cl was used as N dopant,respectively.GF/ON presents better electrochemical catalysis for VO_(2)+/VO_(2)+ and V3+/V2+ reactions than only O-functionalized electrodes(GF/O)and GF.The enhanced electrochemical properties are attributed to an increase in active sites,surface area,and wettability,as well as the synergistic effect of N and O,which is also supported by the density functional theory calculations.Further,the cell using GF/ON shows higher discharge capacity,energy efficiency,and stability for cycling performance than the pristine cell at 140 mA cm^(−2) for 200 cycles.Moreover,the energy efficiency of the modified cell is increased by 9.7% from 55.2% for the pristine cell at 260 mA cm^(−2).Such an ultra-homogeneous etching with N and O co-doping through“boiling”molten salt medium provides an effective and practical application potential way to prepare superior electrodes for VRFB.

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF A NEW ANTIFELTING RESIN FOR WOOL FABRICS

In this paper,a new resin called Resin M for imparting antifelting properties to wool fabricshas been studied.Resin M may be used by aqueous oxidative/polymer technique.It is provedthat Oxidant A/Resin M treatment can satisfy the machine washable requirement formulated byI.W.S..Resin M is a good agent for antifelting treatment of wool fabrics with proper pretreatment.Oxidant A/Resin M treatment has little influence on dyeing and moisture adsorption properties ofwool fibers.The pilling resistance of the treated fabrics is higher than that of the untreated ones.The strength and the handle of the treated fabrics have little been changed.According to thescanning electron microscope observations,it is recommended that the polymer encapsulation ofindividual fiber also plays an important role in the felting resistance of the treated fabrics though itis well known that the shrink resistance of the treated fabrics is believed to be due to the binding offibers.

A heterogeneous double chamber electro-Fenton with high production of H_(2)O_(2) using La–CeO_(2) modified graphite felt as cathode

Hydrogen peroxide synthesis by electro-reduction of O_(2) to substitute the current anthraquinone process has attracted a great deal of attention. Low oxygen utilization rate and low hydrogen peroxide production remain obstacles to electro-Fenton application. In situ H_(2)O_(2) generated by electrochemical reaction depends on the electrochemical performance of the cathode and the structure of the reactor. Here, novel graphite felt(GF) modified by La-doped CeO_(2)(La-CeO_(2)) was developed as a cathode. A new double chamber electro-Fenton reactor was proposed, where an organic ultrafiltration membrane was used to prevent H_(2)O_(2) from spreading to the anode. The effects of hydrothermal temperature, time and urea concentration on the electrochemical properties of graphite felt were investigated. The accumulated concentration of H_(2)O_(2) on the modified cathode reached 218.4 mg·L^(-1)in 1 h when the optimal conditions of hydrothermal temperature 120 ℃ and urea concentration 0.55%(mass) in 24 h. The degradation rate of methyl orange reached 98.29%. The new electro-Fenton reactor can efficiently produce hydrogen peroxide to degrade various organic substances and has a high potential for treating wastewater in the chemical industry.

新型三明治夹芯金属橡胶毡垫本构模型研究

对新型三明治夹芯金属橡胶毡垫的本构模型开展了预测研究.在分别考虑由上、下金属丝表层与不同丝材和丝径相互混压而成的多层夹芯结构形式的基础上,基于微弹簧单元理论和串/并联刚度分析法,创建了新型三明治夹芯金属橡胶毡垫的本构模型.定义了未接触、滑移接触和挤压接触3种接触状态,在推导获得不同接触状态下该毡垫的加载和卸载刚度后,实现了应力-应变曲线的预测.最后,对由铜丝和不锈钢丝构成的多款三明治夹芯金属橡胶毡垫样件开展了准静态压缩测试.实验结果表明,所建立的本构模型的最大刚度预测误差为9.1%,最大损耗因子预测误差为10.7%,具有较好的预测能力,且新型金属橡胶毡垫相比于传统金属橡胶毡垫具有更好的减振能力.相关研究成果可为新型金属橡胶毡垫构成的结构系统的关键力学参数计算与分析,提供重要的模型工具.

棕榈木棉热压复合材料吸声性能及影响因素研究

为达到部分替换黄麻吸声材料的目的,研究了棕榈木棉纤维毡/聚3-羟基丁酸-戊酸酯(PHBV)热压复合材料的吸声性能及影响因素。分析了棕榈纤维、木棉纤维、PHBV质量比,纤维毡面密度,棕榈纤维线密度,吸声复合材料厚度对该热压复合材料低频(200 Hz~1600 Hz)吸声系数平均值的影响。结果表明:采用2块纤维毡且棕榈、木棉、PHBV的质量比为10∶30∶60,纤维毡面密度分别为185 g/m^(2)、145 g/m^(2),木棉纤维线密度为0.25 tex,棕榈纤维线密度为0.60 tex,热压复合材料厚度为4 mm时,所制备吸声材料的低频吸声系数平均值达0.42,可以作为吸声材料投入实际生产。

天山地区史前房屋墙壁的初步研究

天山沿线的史前房址数量丰富,结构各异。本文以这些房屋的墙壁作为研究对象,根据考古发现的堆积与遗迹遗物现象,结合民族学调查,将天山地区史前房址的墙壁分为直立墙体、毡墙、地坑壁三大类,直立墙体又分为单一结构和复合结构两类。文章详细讨论了各类墙壁的结构,复原了构筑过程。最后探讨了墙壁与房屋的建造方式、结构、规模、功能,以及与人类居住形态之间的联系。

行为公共管理视角下的信息通信技术与街头官僚问责制:理论述评与模型构建

拥有自由裁量权的街头官僚广泛介入公共事务故需要问责制,但因街头环境的特殊性而长期存在问责困境。数字时代信息通信技术(ICT)被寄予厚望,但未聚焦街头官僚问责制,反而引发ICT对街头官僚自由裁量权的“限权—赋权”争论。本文首先回顾李普斯基对街头官僚问责制的定义,其群际关系与行为模式取向要求区分问责主体、关注街头官僚的感知和行为,归纳街头官僚可问责性的事实可能性与价值适当性。其次在述评宏观技术与制度视角、中观组织与ICT类型,以及微观“政府端—公民端”感知问责与应对/问责行为三个层面文献的基础上,构建了行为公共管理视角下数字时代街头官僚问责制的分析模型。最后进行未来研究展望,以期夯实数字时代街头官僚问责的微观基础。

硅酸盐/聚四氟乙烯/芳纶针刺毡复合滤袋的制备与性能

为了研发适用严苛高温工业条件下使用的袋式除尘器用针刺毡滤袋,利用乳液浸渍后处理工艺制备了具有热电/压电特性的硅酸盐(Polar Silicate,PS)粉体/聚四氟乙烯(Polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)涂层复合芳纶针刺毡滤袋,探究了PS粉体粒径及附着浓度对复合滤袋捕集效率及阻力特性的影响规律,研究了复合滤袋机械性能,并通过扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)对复合滤袋进行了微观形貌分析。结果显示:PS粉体粒径对滤袋的阻力影响不大;PS粉体粒径在>21~32μm时,滤袋的过滤效率最大;最优附着浓度为6 mg/cm^(2)时,滤袋对0.3~1μm粒子的过滤效率提升幅度≥12.58百分点,滤袋的品质因数最高;PS粉体/PTFE/芳纶复合滤袋的耐磨性比芳纶针刺毡滤袋提升了19.86%,挺度提升了22.22%,纵向拉伸强度提升了14.07%。研究所制备的复合滤袋能够适应严苛的高温工业环境,可更好地控制工业排放的微细颗粒物。

柔性隔热毡高温拉伸作用下的热力响应

飞行器在超高速飞行时表面温度高达几千甚至上万摄氏度,因而需要通过对其表面进行热防护设计来保护其内部人员和设备。为了适应小型化和低发射成本的要求,热防护材料不仅要具有较好的隔热性能,还应具有较低的密度。柔性隔热毡因具有轻质、隔热能力强、高温下性能稳定等特点,可以对飞行器内部的结构和仪器设备起到良好的热防护作用。开展柔性隔热毡热力联合作用下的数值模拟并通过实验进行验证,分析隔热毡内部的热传递规律。

核壳型碳纤维毡@聚苯胺复合材料的制备及其介电性能

使用原位化学氧化聚合的方法,以碳纤维毡(CFF)为骨架,在碳纤维表面生长聚苯胺(PANI),获得具有核壳结构的CFF@PANI复合材料,随后使用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)对其进行封装。研究反应条件对复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明,PANI能够均匀地包裹在碳纤维表面,使CFF的颜色由黑色变为深绿色;接触角和表面能分析结果表明尽管表面生长PANI并未对CFF产生显著影响,但使用PDMS封装后可以大幅度降低材料的表面能;借助多界面结构和界面效应,核壳结构明显提升了材料的界面极化和偶极极化,导致复合材料具有更高的介电弛豫现象,并显著提高了电容和电容压敏效应。

Manufacture, characterization and application of porous metal-fiber sintered felt used as mass-transfer-controlling medium for direct methanol fuel cells

Fabrication, characterization and performance of a porous metal-fiber sintered felt （PMFSF） based on multi-tooth cutting and solid-phase sintering were studied. The PMFSF was used as the anodic methanol barrier in a passive air-breathing direct methanol fuel cell to mitigate the effects of methanol crossover. Compared with the commercial SUS316L felt made of bundle-drawn fibers, this self-made PMFSF has larger pore diameter, polarized pore distribution, irregular fiber shape, rougher surface, lower mass flow resistance and evident hydrophobicity. The results reveal that the use of a PMFSF significantly enhances the cell performance since it helps to maintain a balance between the reactant and product management while depressing methanol crossover. The PMFSF with a porosity of 70% yields the highest cell performance at a methanol concentration of 4 mol/L.

结构参数对石英纤维针刺毡防隔热和力学性能的影响

为开发具有良好防隔热和力学性能的高性能石英纤维毡,基于传热数学方程,预测了石英纤维毡的厚度对其隔热性能的影响规律;为提高纤维毡的力学性能,探究了在纤维毡中添加不同层数的石英纤维布对其力学性能的影响规律;此外还探讨了针刺密度对石英纤维毡隔热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:石英纤维毡传热模型与实验吻合度可达94.8%;石英纤维毡厚度提升2 mm,其隔热性能提高20℃左右;添加石英纤维布可以显著提高纤维毡断裂强力和撕破强力;针刺密度可以提升纤维毡力学性能,但针刺密度过大会破坏纤维毡结构,使其力学性能下降。

巴素兰处理前后牦牛绒纤维形态结构与力学性能评价

以牦牛绒纤维和巴素兰牦牛绒纤维为研究对象,测试了纤维细度、表面形态、卷曲、摩擦性能、拉伸性能及弯曲性能,对比分析了巴素兰处理对牦牛绒纤维形态结构与力学性能的影响。结果表明:巴素兰牦牛绒表面鳞片被剥除,牦牛绒平均直径为18.71μm,巴素兰牦牛绒平均直径为17.42μm,故巴素兰处理后牦牛绒细度减小且差异显著;巴素兰处理后牦牛绒纤维平均卷曲数增加,平均卷曲率下降,对纤维的伸长率影响显著;牦牛绒平均断裂强力为10.53 cN,巴素兰牦牛绒平均断裂强力为11.10 cN,2种纤维的断裂强力差异不显著。巴素兰牦牛绒静态定向摩擦效应比牦牛绒低7.62%,动态定向摩擦效应低6.88%,表现出更佳的防毡缩性能;弯曲刚度相对于牦牛绒从0.1606 gf·cm^(2)/cm降至0.1392 gf·cm^(2)/cm,柔软度更好。

京津冀地区有感地震评估模型研究及应用

基于应急基础数据、损失评估模型和烈度衰减模型等,震后第一时间评估计算出影响范围和损失结果,将有助于政府和相关部门根据灾害规模部署救灾行动。目前,关于震后有感范围的快速确定尚无有效方法。本文基于京津冀地区2018—2022年30次震例的实际调查结果及仪器烈度分布,构建由有感半径(R)、震级(M)和震源深度(H)3个参数组成的有感地震评估模型,并从统计学角度分析该模型拟合的有效性。然后,将2023年北京地区发生的显著有感地震代入计算,与实际调查结果进行比对。最后,将模型在北京市本地化地震灾害快速评估与辅助决策系统中进行集成应用。实践应用表明,本文研究结果可以进一步提高京津冀地区地震应急服务响应能力。

基于菠萝蛋白酶的羊毛生物酶法防毡缩整理

针对微生物蛋白酶在羊毛酶法防毡缩整理过程中易造成羊毛纤维损伤的问题,本文采用植物蛋白酶(菠萝蛋白酶)与预处理结合的工艺对羊毛织物进行防毡缩整理。结果表明,菠萝蛋白酶在预处理的基础上能够有效改善羊毛织物的防毡缩性能,整理后的织物毡缩率为5.29%,强力损失率为4.10%。通过扫描电镜、亚甲基蓝着色等表征方法综合判断,菠萝蛋白酶作用于羊毛鳞片层,进而实现在降低羊毛织物毡缩率的同时将强力损失率控制在一个较小的水平。

内蒙古地区传统毡靴工艺的田野调查报告

传统毡靴是草原民族冬季御寒的典型用品,在内蒙古地区有着悠久的使用历史。本文将锡林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗吕树花毡靴作坊作为田野调查对象,跟踪现场制作过程,以文字、图片的方式详细记录传统毡靴的场地、材料、工具、工艺等生产条件,并将其与现代手作毛毡、传统游牧制毡、周边国家和地区的传统制毡工艺进行对比,阐释内蒙古地区毡靴制作技艺在民族融合中产生的优势,并分析传统手工毡靴制作中的造物理念与工匠精神。

分子伴侣增强蛋白酶K在毕赤酵母中的表达及对羊毛鳞片层的作用分析

【目的】通过分子伴侣共表达增强毕赤酵母中异源蛋白酶K的分泌水平,并对其的羊毛无氯剥鳞作用机制进行解析,旨在提高蛋白酶K的表达量并为高效酶法剥鳞技术的应用奠定基础。【方法】利用毕赤酵母表达系统对tprK基因进行异源表达,首次分析了影响蛋白质折叠和质量控制的分子伴侣Ssa1、Erj5、Sil1、Hac1、Kar2、Lhs1和Ydj1分别过表达对TPRK的表达量和酶活力的作用,并对TPRK处理的羊毛纤维效果进行分析。【结果】TPRK在毕赤酵母GS115中表达,其最适反应条件为65℃、pH 9.0,且具有良好的热稳定性和pH稳定性。过表达ssa1、hac1、erj5和sil1基因的重组菌株酶活分别提升了36.8%、20.0%、17.7%和14.8%。5 L发酵罐进行高密度发酵,诱导72 h后,TPRK的酶活达到77471.99 U/mL。在羊毛水解应用中TPRK可水解羊毛鳞片内层使鳞片逐渐剥落,起到剥鳞效果,并且最适水解条件为:TPRK添加量为300 U/mL、反应温度55℃、pH 9.0和反应时间2 h。【结论】过表达分子伴侣Ssa1能够有效提升TPRK的表达量,利用该TPRK处理羊毛纤维,可有效去除羊毛鳞片层,而对羊毛核心皮质层造成的损伤较小。