Since the onset of the constitution 2010,the Kenyan community has put more weight on women empowerment.The emphasis is more on the girl child compared to the boy child.There are several steps that have been taken to u...Since the onset of the constitution 2010,the Kenyan community has put more weight on women empowerment.The emphasis is more on the girl child compared to the boy child.There are several steps that have been taken to uplift the status of the girl child;these include the creation of a special position in parliament just to deal with women matters.Apart from these there has been deliberate efforts put in place to bring women at per with their male counterparts by putting in place the one third gender.These efforts though laudable requires political good will.However,there is emerging a new phenomenon that seems to pose a challenge to these political-constitutional efforts.This is,the perception of religion and the equation of human equality.In this paper,I try to trace the female participation in the religious and political engagements in Kenya upto 2010.展开更多
In Rebecca and A Dream of Red Mansions, the authors create two similar female characters — Rebecca and Wang Xifeng,who have aroused numerous discussions among scholars. Although Rebecca and Xi-feng live in different ...In Rebecca and A Dream of Red Mansions, the authors create two similar female characters — Rebecca and Wang Xifeng,who have aroused numerous discussions among scholars. Although Rebecca and Xi-feng live in different times, they are quite similar in their characters and destinies, and are often referred as representatives of awakened female. This dissertation in tends to conduct a cross-culture comparison between Rebecca and Xi-feng by answering the following questions: 1) what are the historical and individual causes of the feminine awakening of Rebecca and Xi-feng; 2) what are the similarities between Re becca's and Xi-feng's feminine consciousness? 3) What are the differences between Rebecca and A Dream of Red Mansions in dis playing characters' feminine consciousness?By adopting parallel comparative research method, the study finds that: 1) the feminine consciousness of Rebecca and Xifeng stems from both trends of thoughts at that time and their relatively free and open growing environment; 2) the similarity be tween them is that they have similar androgynous characteristics, which reflect the authors' pursuit of an integrated human identi ty; 3) the individuality of Rebecca lies in the characterization techniques, namely the narrative perspective and dual texts, which imply both protest and surrender under the grim reality; in A Dream of Red Mansions, Xi-feng does not form clear feminine con sciousness, instead she become a defender and victim of patriarchal culture.The author hopes that this comparative study between two literary characters can bring a new light to the study of two mas terpieces and help readers to differentiate patterns of feminine consciousness as well as to gain a better perception of feminist value in wider context.展开更多
This article is the result of a research carried out in a private hospital of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The patient care model of the Mastology Department includes an interdisciplinary staff that aims for the comprehens...This article is the result of a research carried out in a private hospital of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The patient care model of the Mastology Department includes an interdisciplinary staff that aims for the comprehensive treatment of these surgical patients. The research is based on clinical approach, under the framework of Analytical Psychology. Feminine archetypal images are symbolically represented by the Main Goddesses of the Olympus. It is natural for one of these expressions to prevail throughout a woman’s life, or even in specific moments of her life, but it is important to recognize that all of them are part of the feminine soul. We can, therefore, define and understand the Goddesses from Greek Mythology symbolically as being representative of the various feminine psychogenic forces that are projected. In reality, they are internal images that can be used to help know and understand personal issues and changes that are necessary in a woman’s life, enabling personal growth and the possibility to identify herself with the more authentic elements of her being. In this work experience, the feminine force showed itself to be a force of creation, of expression and of overcoming.展开更多
This paper is concerned with examining Republican Chinese woman writer Lu Yin’s(庐隐1898-1934)several fictional works and concentrated on the expression of feminine consciousness.The awakening of feminine consciousne...This paper is concerned with examining Republican Chinese woman writer Lu Yin’s(庐隐1898-1934)several fictional works and concentrated on the expression of feminine consciousness.The awakening of feminine consciousness expressed in her fiction is comprised of two aspects.The first section of this paper focuses on the first aspect that reflects feminine consciousness—the subversion of traditional familial narratives—in which four short stories were analysed.Two fiction pieces,“A Scene”and“A Victims of the Times”,in which Ling Fen’s shimu and Xiuzhen were used as examples of typical victims in traditional families during the early 20th-century transitional period,revealed Lu Yin’s compassion for women’s sufferings.In“Father”and in“The Failure of Professor Qin”,several male characters played dominant roles;however,in fact,Lu Yin’s purpose was to deconstruct phallocentrism through debasing the image of an authoritative father as the prelude to awakening female self-consciousness.Thereafter,the paper explored the second aspect in terms of the awakening of feminine consciousness—that is,the freedom of marriage and love.Focusing on two respective heroines Lan Tian and Supu in“The Confession of Lan Tian”and in The Heart of Women,this section explores the issue of marriage issues and love affairs from different perspectives.Lu Yin expressed her objections to feudal arranged marriages and her advocacy of pursuing true love,but at the same time she also emphasised the antinomy of romantic love.Overall,women’s subjects that Lu Yin created in her works represent her affirmation of self-perception in terms of gender issues.With her particular feminine consciousness,Lu Yin broke through powerful mainstream ideological discourse.展开更多
Reflecting back on higher or world religions in history,the tenets of their doctrines have been male dominating,and they have been characterized by androcentrism.Under a male-dominating religious order,women are often...Reflecting back on higher or world religions in history,the tenets of their doctrines have been male dominating,and they have been characterized by androcentrism.Under a male-dominating religious order,women are often excluded from essential rituals or hierarchy,their role consequently dwindling gradually.Behind this negative view of women,we can find the dichotomous thinking of male practitioners,the distinctions of the holy and secular,spirit and body,reason and emotion,male and female,and good and evil.The sacred world which male priests sought was separated from the secular world,and the purity of their souls could not coexist with their bodies.Men were regarded as having an existence that was pure,sacred,spiritual,good and reasonable,while women were seen as being worldly,fleshly,unwholesome and emotional.The former and the latter could not be compatible or mixed.The former were primary,while the latter were secondary and the object of control or elimination by the former.In this presentation I will introduce a new paradigm based on the practices of Won Buddhism for the development of egalitarian society.展开更多
Space plays a critical role in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.This paper examines the construction of feminine space in the fiction by applying the theory of gendered space and using methods such as induction,compariso...Space plays a critical role in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.This paper examines the construction of feminine space in the fiction by applying the theory of gendered space and using methods such as induction,comparison,and mutual corroboration of literature and history.The feminine space in the fiction was constructed on the basis of“gender segregation.”The female characters mainly stayed at the“backyard”of homesteads,and were rarely seen in external spaces,leaving space power in the hands of men.However,thanks to certain special opportunities,status,or class,women could acquire some knowledge and abilities not available to them in the space.Under such circumstances,they had the chance to reverse the space power.The fiction presents the richness and complexity of feminine space and circumstances in the late Han Dynasty.展开更多
Jane Austen is one of the most famous female novelists in the world.Among her works,"Pride and Prejudice" is her most outstanding representative.The story of "Pride and Prejudice" happened in Brita...Jane Austen is one of the most famous female novelists in the world.Among her works,"Pride and Prejudice" is her most outstanding representative.The story of "Pride and Prejudice" happened in Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.At that time,Women regarded marriage as goods to climb up the upper class and to obtain the financial support and their attitudes towards marriage was affected by material factors in determine way.The story of this novel and the behavior of the characters develop around marriage.It mainly talks about Elizabeth,Jane,Charlotte and Lydia these four young ladies' marriages.There are three kinds of motivations of or attitudes towards marriage that are presented for manifestation.First,Charlotte's marriage to Mr.Collins is just for money and social position.Second,Lydia's marriage to Wickham is for beauty regardless of personal morality.Third,is the marriage of Elizabeth and Darcy and that of Jane and Mr.Bingley which are for love and personal merits.Their love stories reveal different views to marriage among young women of the middle class and express Jane Austen her own attitude towards marriage.What's more important,we find that Jane Austen concerns about women's lives and their unfair conditions by means of her feminine consciousness.By examining Jane Austen's social conditions that she lived in and her experiences and analyzing these four marriages,this paper attempts to find the Austen's views of marriage and her feminine consciousness that reflected in this novel.展开更多
For Wollstonecraft,women are human beings deserving of the same fundamental rights as men.A Vindication ofthe Rights of Woman reminds people that the way for women's emancipation is full of frustrations.The journe...For Wollstonecraft,women are human beings deserving of the same fundamental rights as men.A Vindication ofthe Rights of Woman reminds people that the way for women's emancipation is full of frustrations.The journey for women'sfreedom,equality and independence is still long.So the cultivation of wisdom and ability is the best way to cultivate good virtue and moral character for women.展开更多
The writers of this study are the Countess de Ségur,Louisa May Alcott and Maria Clarice Marinho Villac,from France,the United States and Brazil,respectively.It’s possible to identify a connection in their life t...The writers of this study are the Countess de Ségur,Louisa May Alcott and Maria Clarice Marinho Villac,from France,the United States and Brazil,respectively.It’s possible to identify a connection in their life trajectories―aristocratic and bourgeois families―and the ability to write their books.These publications address a specific audience,composed of children and young people,especially females.The representation of femininity in the narratives is related to the representation of family and religiosity,since it is up to the family to guide the girls in moral terms and this question is quite highlighted by religion.Analyzing the representation of femininity is due to the fact that the main books of female writers bring female protagonists,who exhibit a rebellious and mischievous behavior,which is observed and guided by adults.The representations of femininity is still valued and legitimized.For this reason,the narratives continue to be published and adapted to other languages,bringing to light these representations that remain until the 21st century in new clothing and updated vocabulary.Some adaptations for the Portuguese will also be analyzed,trying to identify longevity the works of these writers and their meaning in some epochs.展开更多
In the modern Chinese literary scene,Lin Huiyin(1904-55)was a prominent woman writer who applied free indirect discourse(FID),a“new”narrative device,into her creative writing.In some of her works,FID is not only a n...In the modern Chinese literary scene,Lin Huiyin(1904-55)was a prominent woman writer who applied free indirect discourse(FID),a“new”narrative device,into her creative writing.In some of her works,FID is not only a new way in which to realize a modern narrative style but also a discreet way to provide her own voice.The existence of slippage between the narrator and character-focalizer deliberately destabilizes the reader,somehow swaying between the narrators authoritative and the character's initial characteristics.In this way,this narrative strategy allows Lin to establish a kind of private space for herself within which to query authority,thereby escaping the material world dominated by male writers at that time.For instance,in her well-known short story,aln Ninety-Nine Degrees of Heat^(Jiushijiu du zhong),Lin Huiyin employed this typical narrative strategy,illustrating the modernity of her creative writing and revealing some meanings of social and gendered narratives.展开更多
This study examines critical essays and imaginative fiction by three key writers of the Republican period： Mao Dun, Ba Jin and Lu Yin. I argue that, while Mao Dun and Ba Jin fuse elements of classical Chinese and mod...This study examines critical essays and imaginative fiction by three key writers of the Republican period： Mao Dun, Ba Jin and Lu Yin. I argue that, while Mao Dun and Ba Jin fuse elements of classical Chinese and modem Western sources so as to create strong heroines and a critique of ＂new men＂ for the purpose of revolutionary cultural and national reform, Lu Yin foregrounds an inward examination of the self, multiple narrative points of view and a dialogical perspective which fuses her protagonists＇ interior consciousness with external reality as well as other characters＇ streams of feeling and thought. My reading of Lu Yin＇s texts reveals that she not only succeeds in bringing communion and solace to her readers but also creates ＂moments of being,＂ markedly similar to Virginia Woolf＇s modernist aesthetics and Walter Benjamin＇s mosaic-like ＂moments of recognition,＂ which allow her characters to perceive ＂wholeness＂ from fragmentary flashes of understanding. These intense moments of awareness enhance Lu Yin＇s dialogic imagination and enable her to create discursive feminine narratives that convey the full complexity of women＇s consciousness while simultaneously resisting the male realist literary discourse and strengthening her feminist-activist agenda in the national public sphere.展开更多
"A woman is the mother of all mankind andthe incarnation of love and beauty.Throughout history and mankind’s constantquest to conquer and to reform,women havebeen major contributors for the good.In theage of mat..."A woman is the mother of all mankind andthe incarnation of love and beauty.Throughout history and mankind’s constantquest to conquer and to reform,women havebeen major contributors for the good.In theage of matriarchal clans,when humancivilization was in its infancy,this potential展开更多
Pan Xi(潘曦),now an artist based in Shanghai,has dedicated almost all of her works to women—women who are alone,delicate,and meditatively submerged in their own world,something evident in the title of her recent seri...Pan Xi(潘曦),now an artist based in Shanghai,has dedicated almost all of her works to women—women who are alone,delicate,and meditatively submerged in their own world,something evident in the title of her recent series'My Secret Garden'.However,Pan considers her works essentially asexual.'I’m not even specifically depicting women;men or women,whatever superficial展开更多
Much more than simple viewing, gaze, which is a kind of concentrated thorough long-term viewing, makes the gazer and the gazed establish a complicated power relationship. Frequently, women are in a position of being g...Much more than simple viewing, gaze, which is a kind of concentrated thorough long-term viewing, makes the gazer and the gazed establish a complicated power relationship. Frequently, women are in a position of being gazed at by others instead of taking the initiative to have a counter gaze. Consequently, they are confronted with abnormal self identity construction and alienation under the gazes of others and the self gaze brought by others’ gazes. This is fully revealed in the experiences of three representative female characters in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. This paper elaborates on their experiences and the relative consequences under gazes-deviation of femininity and other aspects, in the hope of providing a refreshing perspective for the study on this novel, gaze and gender issues.展开更多
Scarlett who was the heroine in the world famous book Gone with the Wind,is regarded as one of the most impressive images in the world literature.Her charm lies in her perverse personality of independence and her spir...Scarlett who was the heroine in the world famous book Gone with the Wind,is regarded as one of the most impressive images in the world literature.Her charm lies in her perverse personality of independence and her spirit of freedom.This essay analyzes the characters of the heroine through highlighting women's social status in the South during the age of Scarlett's time.It could be safely concluded that Scarlett's characters and her courage to face the difficulties during the war reveal the awakening of women's self-consciousness and the realization of feminine value.展开更多
Background: Many consumers in the USA and Europe define themselves as having sensitive skin, a phenomenon whose etiology appears to include both physiological and psychosocial factors. Objectives: Sensitive skin data ...Background: Many consumers in the USA and Europe define themselves as having sensitive skin, a phenomenon whose etiology appears to include both physiological and psychosocial factors. Objectives: Sensitive skin data from the developing world is sparse. This study evaluates the prevalence and characteristics of sensitive skin in China and compares data collected to existing data from the western world. Patients/Materials/Methods: A total of 408 Chinese women voluntarily completed a survey on sensitive skin. Results: Some degree of skin sensitivity was claimed by 94 (23%) of respondents;most (90.4%) said their skin was only slightly or moderately sensitive. Facial sensitivity was claimed by 21% of Chinese women, sensitivity of the body surface by 9% and genital sensitivity by only 6%. Small numbers of respondents reported a history of skin allergy (3%) or a familial history of sensitive skin (2%). Many reported making buying decisions based on product claims. Conclusions: Only 23% of Chinese women claimed any degree of sensitive skin, a prevalence substantially lower than that observed in most Western countries. Sensitivity of the genital skin, in particular, was dramatically lower, suggesting at least some cultural component to perceptions of sensitive skin.展开更多
In Western countries,WWI fostered a major change in attitude by bringing many women out of their homes into new spheres of action,and brought birth to the " new women" and the booming of feminism in United S...In Western countries,WWI fostered a major change in attitude by bringing many women out of their homes into new spheres of action,and brought birth to the " new women" and the booming of feminism in United States.Bernice Bobs Her Hair,published in 1920 and collected in Flappers and Philosophers,is a well-known short story of early Fitzgerald.The two heroines-rural girl Bernice and her cousin Marjorie,who was an urban gardenia girl-both had their long beautiful hair cut passively.This paper attempts to reveal the traditional patriarchal shadow deep inside the " new women",by the analysis of psychological changes and their incentives in Bernice and Marjorie through three phases:before Bernice talking about haircut,haircut as Bernice' s chatting topic and after haircut,to search for the real meaning of New Women,which,as the writer' s opinion,New Women are not the females getting rid of the constraints of " angle",such as " beautiful long hair",but the females who take the responsibilities for the societies,their families and themselves based on their feminine essence.展开更多
文摘Since the onset of the constitution 2010,the Kenyan community has put more weight on women empowerment.The emphasis is more on the girl child compared to the boy child.There are several steps that have been taken to uplift the status of the girl child;these include the creation of a special position in parliament just to deal with women matters.Apart from these there has been deliberate efforts put in place to bring women at per with their male counterparts by putting in place the one third gender.These efforts though laudable requires political good will.However,there is emerging a new phenomenon that seems to pose a challenge to these political-constitutional efforts.This is,the perception of religion and the equation of human equality.In this paper,I try to trace the female participation in the religious and political engagements in Kenya upto 2010.
文摘In Rebecca and A Dream of Red Mansions, the authors create two similar female characters — Rebecca and Wang Xifeng,who have aroused numerous discussions among scholars. Although Rebecca and Xi-feng live in different times, they are quite similar in their characters and destinies, and are often referred as representatives of awakened female. This dissertation in tends to conduct a cross-culture comparison between Rebecca and Xi-feng by answering the following questions: 1) what are the historical and individual causes of the feminine awakening of Rebecca and Xi-feng; 2) what are the similarities between Re becca's and Xi-feng's feminine consciousness? 3) What are the differences between Rebecca and A Dream of Red Mansions in dis playing characters' feminine consciousness?By adopting parallel comparative research method, the study finds that: 1) the feminine consciousness of Rebecca and Xifeng stems from both trends of thoughts at that time and their relatively free and open growing environment; 2) the similarity be tween them is that they have similar androgynous characteristics, which reflect the authors' pursuit of an integrated human identi ty; 3) the individuality of Rebecca lies in the characterization techniques, namely the narrative perspective and dual texts, which imply both protest and surrender under the grim reality; in A Dream of Red Mansions, Xi-feng does not form clear feminine con sciousness, instead she become a defender and victim of patriarchal culture.The author hopes that this comparative study between two literary characters can bring a new light to the study of two mas terpieces and help readers to differentiate patterns of feminine consciousness as well as to gain a better perception of feminist value in wider context.
文摘This article is the result of a research carried out in a private hospital of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The patient care model of the Mastology Department includes an interdisciplinary staff that aims for the comprehensive treatment of these surgical patients. The research is based on clinical approach, under the framework of Analytical Psychology. Feminine archetypal images are symbolically represented by the Main Goddesses of the Olympus. It is natural for one of these expressions to prevail throughout a woman’s life, or even in specific moments of her life, but it is important to recognize that all of them are part of the feminine soul. We can, therefore, define and understand the Goddesses from Greek Mythology symbolically as being representative of the various feminine psychogenic forces that are projected. In reality, they are internal images that can be used to help know and understand personal issues and changes that are necessary in a woman’s life, enabling personal growth and the possibility to identify herself with the more authentic elements of her being. In this work experience, the feminine force showed itself to be a force of creation, of expression and of overcoming.
文摘This paper is concerned with examining Republican Chinese woman writer Lu Yin’s(庐隐1898-1934)several fictional works and concentrated on the expression of feminine consciousness.The awakening of feminine consciousness expressed in her fiction is comprised of two aspects.The first section of this paper focuses on the first aspect that reflects feminine consciousness—the subversion of traditional familial narratives—in which four short stories were analysed.Two fiction pieces,“A Scene”and“A Victims of the Times”,in which Ling Fen’s shimu and Xiuzhen were used as examples of typical victims in traditional families during the early 20th-century transitional period,revealed Lu Yin’s compassion for women’s sufferings.In“Father”and in“The Failure of Professor Qin”,several male characters played dominant roles;however,in fact,Lu Yin’s purpose was to deconstruct phallocentrism through debasing the image of an authoritative father as the prelude to awakening female self-consciousness.Thereafter,the paper explored the second aspect in terms of the awakening of feminine consciousness—that is,the freedom of marriage and love.Focusing on two respective heroines Lan Tian and Supu in“The Confession of Lan Tian”and in The Heart of Women,this section explores the issue of marriage issues and love affairs from different perspectives.Lu Yin expressed her objections to feudal arranged marriages and her advocacy of pursuing true love,but at the same time she also emphasised the antinomy of romantic love.Overall,women’s subjects that Lu Yin created in her works represent her affirmation of self-perception in terms of gender issues.With her particular feminine consciousness,Lu Yin broke through powerful mainstream ideological discourse.
文摘Reflecting back on higher or world religions in history,the tenets of their doctrines have been male dominating,and they have been characterized by androcentrism.Under a male-dominating religious order,women are often excluded from essential rituals or hierarchy,their role consequently dwindling gradually.Behind this negative view of women,we can find the dichotomous thinking of male practitioners,the distinctions of the holy and secular,spirit and body,reason and emotion,male and female,and good and evil.The sacred world which male priests sought was separated from the secular world,and the purity of their souls could not coexist with their bodies.Men were regarded as having an existence that was pure,sacred,spiritual,good and reasonable,while women were seen as being worldly,fleshly,unwholesome and emotional.The former and the latter could not be compatible or mixed.The former were primary,while the latter were secondary and the object of control or elimination by the former.In this presentation I will introduce a new paradigm based on the practices of Won Buddhism for the development of egalitarian society.
基金funded by Sichuan Center for Zhuge Liang Studies(21ZGL03).
文摘Space plays a critical role in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.This paper examines the construction of feminine space in the fiction by applying the theory of gendered space and using methods such as induction,comparison,and mutual corroboration of literature and history.The feminine space in the fiction was constructed on the basis of“gender segregation.”The female characters mainly stayed at the“backyard”of homesteads,and were rarely seen in external spaces,leaving space power in the hands of men.However,thanks to certain special opportunities,status,or class,women could acquire some knowledge and abilities not available to them in the space.Under such circumstances,they had the chance to reverse the space power.The fiction presents the richness and complexity of feminine space and circumstances in the late Han Dynasty.
文摘Jane Austen is one of the most famous female novelists in the world.Among her works,"Pride and Prejudice" is her most outstanding representative.The story of "Pride and Prejudice" happened in Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.At that time,Women regarded marriage as goods to climb up the upper class and to obtain the financial support and their attitudes towards marriage was affected by material factors in determine way.The story of this novel and the behavior of the characters develop around marriage.It mainly talks about Elizabeth,Jane,Charlotte and Lydia these four young ladies' marriages.There are three kinds of motivations of or attitudes towards marriage that are presented for manifestation.First,Charlotte's marriage to Mr.Collins is just for money and social position.Second,Lydia's marriage to Wickham is for beauty regardless of personal morality.Third,is the marriage of Elizabeth and Darcy and that of Jane and Mr.Bingley which are for love and personal merits.Their love stories reveal different views to marriage among young women of the middle class and express Jane Austen her own attitude towards marriage.What's more important,we find that Jane Austen concerns about women's lives and their unfair conditions by means of her feminine consciousness.By examining Jane Austen's social conditions that she lived in and her experiences and analyzing these four marriages,this paper attempts to find the Austen's views of marriage and her feminine consciousness that reflected in this novel.
文摘For Wollstonecraft,women are human beings deserving of the same fundamental rights as men.A Vindication ofthe Rights of Woman reminds people that the way for women's emancipation is full of frustrations.The journey for women'sfreedom,equality and independence is still long.So the cultivation of wisdom and ability is the best way to cultivate good virtue and moral character for women.
文摘The writers of this study are the Countess de Ségur,Louisa May Alcott and Maria Clarice Marinho Villac,from France,the United States and Brazil,respectively.It’s possible to identify a connection in their life trajectories―aristocratic and bourgeois families―and the ability to write their books.These publications address a specific audience,composed of children and young people,especially females.The representation of femininity in the narratives is related to the representation of family and religiosity,since it is up to the family to guide the girls in moral terms and this question is quite highlighted by religion.Analyzing the representation of femininity is due to the fact that the main books of female writers bring female protagonists,who exhibit a rebellious and mischievous behavior,which is observed and guided by adults.The representations of femininity is still valued and legitimized.For this reason,the narratives continue to be published and adapted to other languages,bringing to light these representations that remain until the 21st century in new clothing and updated vocabulary.Some adaptations for the Portuguese will also be analyzed,trying to identify longevity the works of these writers and their meaning in some epochs.
文摘In the modern Chinese literary scene,Lin Huiyin(1904-55)was a prominent woman writer who applied free indirect discourse(FID),a“new”narrative device,into her creative writing.In some of her works,FID is not only a new way in which to realize a modern narrative style but also a discreet way to provide her own voice.The existence of slippage between the narrator and character-focalizer deliberately destabilizes the reader,somehow swaying between the narrators authoritative and the character's initial characteristics.In this way,this narrative strategy allows Lin to establish a kind of private space for herself within which to query authority,thereby escaping the material world dominated by male writers at that time.For instance,in her well-known short story,aln Ninety-Nine Degrees of Heat^(Jiushijiu du zhong),Lin Huiyin employed this typical narrative strategy,illustrating the modernity of her creative writing and revealing some meanings of social and gendered narratives.
文摘This study examines critical essays and imaginative fiction by three key writers of the Republican period： Mao Dun, Ba Jin and Lu Yin. I argue that, while Mao Dun and Ba Jin fuse elements of classical Chinese and modem Western sources so as to create strong heroines and a critique of ＂new men＂ for the purpose of revolutionary cultural and national reform, Lu Yin foregrounds an inward examination of the self, multiple narrative points of view and a dialogical perspective which fuses her protagonists＇ interior consciousness with external reality as well as other characters＇ streams of feeling and thought. My reading of Lu Yin＇s texts reveals that she not only succeeds in bringing communion and solace to her readers but also creates ＂moments of being,＂ markedly similar to Virginia Woolf＇s modernist aesthetics and Walter Benjamin＇s mosaic-like ＂moments of recognition,＂ which allow her characters to perceive ＂wholeness＂ from fragmentary flashes of understanding. These intense moments of awareness enhance Lu Yin＇s dialogic imagination and enable her to create discursive feminine narratives that convey the full complexity of women＇s consciousness while simultaneously resisting the male realist literary discourse and strengthening her feminist-activist agenda in the national public sphere.
文摘"A woman is the mother of all mankind andthe incarnation of love and beauty.Throughout history and mankind’s constantquest to conquer and to reform,women havebeen major contributors for the good.In theage of matriarchal clans,when humancivilization was in its infancy,this potential
文摘Pan Xi(潘曦),now an artist based in Shanghai,has dedicated almost all of her works to women—women who are alone,delicate,and meditatively submerged in their own world,something evident in the title of her recent series'My Secret Garden'.However,Pan considers her works essentially asexual.'I’m not even specifically depicting women;men or women,whatever superficial
文摘Much more than simple viewing, gaze, which is a kind of concentrated thorough long-term viewing, makes the gazer and the gazed establish a complicated power relationship. Frequently, women are in a position of being gazed at by others instead of taking the initiative to have a counter gaze. Consequently, they are confronted with abnormal self identity construction and alienation under the gazes of others and the self gaze brought by others’ gazes. This is fully revealed in the experiences of three representative female characters in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. This paper elaborates on their experiences and the relative consequences under gazes-deviation of femininity and other aspects, in the hope of providing a refreshing perspective for the study on this novel, gaze and gender issues.
文摘Scarlett who was the heroine in the world famous book Gone with the Wind,is regarded as one of the most impressive images in the world literature.Her charm lies in her perverse personality of independence and her spirit of freedom.This essay analyzes the characters of the heroine through highlighting women's social status in the South during the age of Scarlett's time.It could be safely concluded that Scarlett's characters and her courage to face the difficulties during the war reveal the awakening of women's self-consciousness and the realization of feminine value.
文摘Background: Many consumers in the USA and Europe define themselves as having sensitive skin, a phenomenon whose etiology appears to include both physiological and psychosocial factors. Objectives: Sensitive skin data from the developing world is sparse. This study evaluates the prevalence and characteristics of sensitive skin in China and compares data collected to existing data from the western world. Patients/Materials/Methods: A total of 408 Chinese women voluntarily completed a survey on sensitive skin. Results: Some degree of skin sensitivity was claimed by 94 (23%) of respondents;most (90.4%) said their skin was only slightly or moderately sensitive. Facial sensitivity was claimed by 21% of Chinese women, sensitivity of the body surface by 9% and genital sensitivity by only 6%. Small numbers of respondents reported a history of skin allergy (3%) or a familial history of sensitive skin (2%). Many reported making buying decisions based on product claims. Conclusions: Only 23% of Chinese women claimed any degree of sensitive skin, a prevalence substantially lower than that observed in most Western countries. Sensitivity of the genital skin, in particular, was dramatically lower, suggesting at least some cultural component to perceptions of sensitive skin.
文摘In Western countries,WWI fostered a major change in attitude by bringing many women out of their homes into new spheres of action,and brought birth to the " new women" and the booming of feminism in United States.Bernice Bobs Her Hair,published in 1920 and collected in Flappers and Philosophers,is a well-known short story of early Fitzgerald.The two heroines-rural girl Bernice and her cousin Marjorie,who was an urban gardenia girl-both had their long beautiful hair cut passively.This paper attempts to reveal the traditional patriarchal shadow deep inside the " new women",by the analysis of psychological changes and their incentives in Bernice and Marjorie through three phases:before Bernice talking about haircut,haircut as Bernice' s chatting topic and after haircut,to search for the real meaning of New Women,which,as the writer' s opinion,New Women are not the females getting rid of the constraints of " angle",such as " beautiful long hair",but the females who take the responsibilities for the societies,their families and themselves based on their feminine essence.
