书名翻译:忠实性与连贯性——以The Feminine Mystique的中文翻译为例

标题翻译的根本原则是忠实与连贯。本文以The Feminine Mystique的中文翻译为例说明其运用。贝蒂·弗里丹(Betty Friedan)的The Feminine Mystique是女性主义经典之作。该书名目前最具有权威性的译法有:《女性的奥秘》和《女性迷思》。笔者认为此两种译法仍有商榷余地。如果遵循忠实(fidelity)和连贯(coherence)的翻译法则,从词义、词源和原书意义来深入解析“mystique”一词,该书名译为“女性气质的神话”或“家庭主妇的神话”较为合理。

An Analysis of the Feminine Awakening of Rebecca and Xi-feng

In Rebecca and A Dream of Red Mansions, the authors create two similar female characters — Rebecca and Wang Xifeng,who have aroused numerous discussions among scholars. Although Rebecca and Xi-feng live in different times, they are quite similar in their characters and destinies, and are often referred as representatives of awakened female. This dissertation in tends to conduct a cross-culture comparison between Rebecca and Xi-feng by answering the following questions: 1) what are the historical and individual causes of the feminine awakening of Rebecca and Xi-feng; 2) what are the similarities between Re becca's and Xi-feng's feminine consciousness? 3) What are the differences between Rebecca and A Dream of Red Mansions in dis playing characters' feminine consciousness?By adopting parallel comparative research method, the study finds that: 1) the feminine consciousness of Rebecca and Xifeng stems from both trends of thoughts at that time and their relatively free and open growing environment; 2) the similarity be tween them is that they have similar androgynous characteristics, which reflect the authors' pursuit of an integrated human identi ty; 3) the individuality of Rebecca lies in the characterization techniques, namely the narrative perspective and dual texts, which imply both protest and surrender under the grim reality; in A Dream of Red Mansions, Xi-feng does not form clear feminine con sciousness, instead she become a defender and victim of patriarchal culture.The author hopes that this comparative study between two literary characters can bring a new light to the study of two mas terpieces and help readers to differentiate patterns of feminine consciousness as well as to gain a better perception of feminist value in wider context.

Individuation and the Feminine Soul: Study of Feminine Archetypal Images Carried out on Surgical Patients

This article is the result of a research carried out in a private hospital of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The patient care model of the Mastology Department includes an interdisciplinary staff that aims for the comprehensive treatment of these surgical patients. The research is based on clinical approach, under the framework of Analytical Psychology. Feminine archetypal images are symbolically represented by the Main Goddesses of the Olympus. It is natural for one of these expressions to prevail throughout a woman’s life, or even in specific moments of her life, but it is important to recognize that all of them are part of the feminine soul. We can, therefore, define and understand the Goddesses from Greek Mythology symbolically as being representative of the various feminine psychogenic forces that are projected. In reality, they are internal images that can be used to help know and understand personal issues and changes that are necessary in a woman’s life, enabling personal growth and the possibility to identify herself with the more authentic elements of her being. In this work experience, the feminine force showed itself to be a force of creation, of expression and of overcoming.

Jean-Paul Sartre, Europeans, the ＂Feminine＂ and the Negritude Poems in the Black Orpheus

The paper examines the development of ＂Negro poetry＂ from the Negritude movement through the analysis of Sartre as featured in Black Orpheus （1976）. Following the analysis of Sartre, the author looks at the Black/White binary and its cultural and political context, which is based on the dominance of Europeans over Blacks. Then the author examines how Blacks have attempted to subvert this binary through alternative political stands, such as the practice of anti-racism, and innovative cultural art and literary forms, such as the Negritude movement. Like Sartre, the author focuses on ＂Negro poetry＂ and examines its limits and the challenges it put forth against the White supremacist elements in White dominant culture. The author concludes that while ＂Negro poetry＂ reflects a step forward in the anti-racist development of Black political and cultural identities, it is a limiting method of approach that does not subvert enough White dominant culture. This position enables the author to argue that, for example, the essentialist, racist, and gender--and sex--biases within the representations and images of the ＂feminine＂ and Black women are not sufficiently critically re-represented in ＂Negro poetry＂ of the Negritude movement. The method of this approach is （1） to look at Sartre＇s writing in Black Orpheus, （2） to include the secondary literature of this text within my analysis, （3） to examine sections of ＂Negro poetry＂ as featured in Black Orpheus, and （4） to critically access the racial, sex, and gender dimensions of ＂Negro poetry＂ as they relate to the achievements of the men or artists of the Negritude movement.

The Shroud and the Trope： Representations of Discourse and of the Feminine in Homer＇s Odyssey

Understanding that Homer＇s Odyssey （1998） has a feminine perspective, this paper intends to explore the Greek epic placing queen Penelope as the protagonist, observing, mainly, the narratological shifts in the story grammar, duration and character elaboration. This study also uses Paul Ricoeur＇s The Rule of Metaphor （2008） to analyze the episode of the shroud in Homer＇s Odyssey. Ricoeur sees metaphor in three distinct levels： the level of lexis where he bases himself in the works of Aristotle; the level of phrase in which he recurs to the structuralist linguistician l^mile Benveniste; and the metaphor in the level of discourse, when Ricoeur himself devises an elaborate study of the figure of speech. Penelope＇s weaving can be understood as a representation of discourse and of the feminine. Such analogy transcends the stereotype she is often given and defines a new role for the character in the epic.

Postcolonialism and the Feminine in Paulina Chiziane＇s O alegre canto da perdiz

In this study we present the novel O alegre canto da perdiz （2008）, by Paulina Chiziane, focusing on the path of the characters Delfina and Maria das Dores, pointing to the construction of a female speech denouncing the state to which the Mozambican woman was subjected, especially during colonization, a trauma still present in Africa. By telling the saga of these two women （mother and daughter）, the novel also makes a reinterpretation of the origin and history of the peoples of Africa. Beyond the issues that mark the secular submission of women to the world of man in certain African societies, Paulina Chiziane also leads us to confront the issue of reductionism practiced by those who look from outside Africa and seeks to present its history and its literature as if the African continent were a single country, as reported by the Nigerian novelist Chimamanda Adichie in her speech against ＂the danger of listening and repeating a single story, the winners＇ story＂ （Adichie, 2009）. We aim to identify aspects of the unique feminine of Paulina Chiziane by rescuing legends of matriarchy in the course of the characters. We will also do a reading of colonialism and post-colonialism objectifying the female of writing Paulina Chiziane. The critical placement of the text allows us to analyze it with the contribution of Spivak （2010）, Said （1978）, Bonnici （2000）, among others.

Images feminines dans les litteratures chinoise et francaise

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Feminine Consciousness in the Works of Lu Yin

This paper is concerned with examining Republican Chinese woman writer Lu Yin’s(庐隐1898-1934)several fictional works and concentrated on the expression of feminine consciousness.The awakening of feminine consciousness expressed in her fiction is comprised of two aspects.The first section of this paper focuses on the first aspect that reflects feminine consciousness—the subversion of traditional familial narratives—in which four short stories were analysed.Two fiction pieces,“A Scene”and“A Victims of the Times”,in which Ling Fen’s shimu and Xiuzhen were used as examples of typical victims in traditional families during the early 20th-century transitional period,revealed Lu Yin’s compassion for women’s sufferings.In“Father”and in“The Failure of Professor Qin”,several male characters played dominant roles;however,in fact,Lu Yin’s purpose was to deconstruct phallocentrism through debasing the image of an authoritative father as the prelude to awakening female self-consciousness.Thereafter,the paper explored the second aspect in terms of the awakening of feminine consciousness—that is,the freedom of marriage and love.Focusing on two respective heroines Lan Tian and Supu in“The Confession of Lan Tian”and in The Heart of Women,this section explores the issue of marriage issues and love affairs from different perspectives.Lu Yin expressed her objections to feudal arranged marriages and her advocacy of pursuing true love,but at the same time she also emphasised the antinomy of romantic love.Overall,women’s subjects that Lu Yin created in her works represent her affirmation of self-perception in terms of gender issues.With her particular feminine consciousness,Lu Yin broke through powerful mainstream ideological discourse.

Tracing the Feminine Participation in the Religio-Political Affairs in Kenya Upto 2010

Since the onset of the constitution 2010,the Kenyan community has put more weight on women empowerment.The emphasis is more on the girl child compared to the boy child.There are several steps that have been taken to uplift the status of the girl child;these include the creation of a special position in parliament just to deal with women matters.Apart from these there has been deliberate efforts put in place to bring women at per with their male counterparts by putting in place the one third gender.These efforts though laudable requires political good will.However,there is emerging a new phenomenon that seems to pose a challenge to these political-constitutional efforts.This is,the perception of religion and the equation of human equality.In this paper,I try to trace the female participation in the religious and political engagements in Kenya upto 2010.

Feminism and Feminine Spirituality in Won Buddhism

Reflecting back on higher or world religions in history,the tenets of their doctrines have been male dominating,and they have been characterized by androcentrism.Under a male-dominating religious order,women are often excluded from essential rituals or hierarchy,their role consequently dwindling gradually.Behind this negative view of women,we can find the dichotomous thinking of male practitioners,the distinctions of the holy and secular,spirit and body,reason and emotion,male and female,and good and evil.The sacred world which male priests sought was separated from the secular world,and the purity of their souls could not coexist with their bodies.Men were regarded as having an existence that was pure,sacred,spiritual,good and reasonable,while women were seen as being worldly,fleshly,unwholesome and emotional.The former and the latter could not be compatible or mixed.The former were primary,while the latter were secondary and the object of control or elimination by the former.In this presentation I will introduce a new paradigm based on the practices of Won Buddhism for the development of egalitarian society.

A Study of Feminine Space in Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Space plays a critical role in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.This paper examines the construction of feminine space in the fiction by applying the theory of gendered space and using methods such as induction,comparison,and mutual corroboration of literature and history.The feminine space in the fiction was constructed on the basis of“gender segregation.”The female characters mainly stayed at the“backyard”of homesteads,and were rarely seen in external spaces,leaving space power in the hands of men.However,thanks to certain special opportunities,status,or class,women could acquire some knowledge and abilities not available to them in the space.Under such circumstances,they had the chance to reverse the space power.The fiction presents the richness and complexity of feminine space and circumstances in the late Han Dynasty.

Jane Austen's Feminine Consciousness That Reflected in Pride and Prejudice

Jane Austen is one of the most famous female novelists in the world.Among her works,"Pride and Prejudice" is her most outstanding representative.The story of "Pride and Prejudice" happened in Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.At that time,Women regarded marriage as goods to climb up the upper class and to obtain the financial support and their attitudes towards marriage was affected by material factors in determine way.The story of this novel and the behavior of the characters develop around marriage.It mainly talks about Elizabeth,Jane,Charlotte and Lydia these four young ladies' marriages.There are three kinds of motivations of or attitudes towards marriage that are presented for manifestation.First,Charlotte's marriage to Mr.Collins is just for money and social position.Second,Lydia's marriage to Wickham is for beauty regardless of personal morality.Third,is the marriage of Elizabeth and Darcy and that of Jane and Mr.Bingley which are for love and personal merits.Their love stories reveal different views to marriage among young women of the middle class and express Jane Austen her own attitude towards marriage.What's more important,we find that Jane Austen concerns about women's lives and their unfair conditions by means of her feminine consciousness.By examining Jane Austen's social conditions that she lived in and her experiences and analyzing these four marriages,this paper attempts to find the Austen's views of marriage and her feminine consciousness that reflected in this novel.

Reflection on the Construction of Feminine Consciousness in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

For Wollstonecraft,women are human beings deserving of the same fundamental rights as men.A Vindication ofthe Rights of Woman reminds people that the way for women's emancipation is full of frustrations.The journey for women'sfreedom,equality and independence is still long.So the cultivation of wisdom and ability is the best way to cultivate good virtue and moral character for women.

Feminine Writings:Between Representations of Past and Present Femininity

The writers of this study are the Countess de Ségur,Louisa May Alcott and Maria Clarice Marinho Villac,from France,the United States and Brazil,respectively.It’s possible to identify a connection in their life trajectories―aristocratic and bourgeois families―and the ability to write their books.These publications address a specific audience,composed of children and young people,especially females.The representation of femininity in the narratives is related to the representation of family and religiosity,since it is up to the family to guide the girls in moral terms and this question is quite highlighted by religion.Analyzing the representation of femininity is due to the fact that the main books of female writers bring female protagonists,who exhibit a rebellious and mischievous behavior,which is observed and guided by adults.The representations of femininity is still valued and legitimized.For this reason,the narratives continue to be published and adapted to other languages,bringing to light these representations that remain until the 21st century in new clothing and updated vocabulary.Some adaptations for the Portuguese will also be analyzed,trying to identify longevity the works of these writers and their meaning in some epochs.

The Classic Shaping of Typical Female Images by Mulan Motif in Historical Times-Historical Review and Textual Sorting of the Motif

The image of Mulan is well known to the public as an important symbol in the dissemination of Chinese excellent traditional culture.This paper aims to summarise the mother-title from traditional canonical texts,to explore the content and value of sustainable IP development,and to study a large number of derivatives with the image of Mulan as the mother-title,based on the wide circulation of the prototype of the mother-title“The Poem of Mulan”(木兰辞)and the positive values conveyed by the content.Through the processing and imagination of scholars and writers on the mother text in the past generations,the image of Mulan has gradually formed a relatively stable cultural communication theme in the process of dissemination in China’s historical period,and many adaptations with international influence based on the mother title of Mulan have emerged in the foreign dissemination,so through the combing and summarisation of the textual works of various periods both at home and abroad,we will dig out the textual transmission of the mother title of Mulan,which is representative of the mother title of China’s excellent traditional culture,and the development of the Chinese spiritual core.The Development of the Chinese Spiritual Kernel.This paper adopts research methods such as documentary evidence method and discourse analysis to show the textual flow of Mulan’s parent theme in a more diversified form.

Experiencing the Abject Female Body and Writing the Female Self:Body Narrative of In the Heart of the Country

In the Heart of the Country,the second novel by J.M.Coetzee,has been traditionally read as a disembodied writing that focuses on the problem of writing per se instead of the reality.This paper contends that the work is actually a body narrative that explores the visceral pain suffered by Magda whose infertile body impedes her being a qualified subject.As the heroine in a postcolonial novel,Magda is not just a body that is restricted and constructed by the politics of the body,but also a thinking and writing body that consciously questions and resists the gendered bodily norms under whose yardstick her subjecthood is barred.Written in the metafictional manner,Magda’s narrative of the body is not just a record of her corporeal experience,but also a self-conscious negotiation with,and challenge of,the bodily norms under whose yardstick her body has been debased or,in terms of Judith Butler,abjected.Taking her female bodily experience as the starting point,Magda writes a feminine text that values passion,fluidity and non-linearity to disrupt the patriarchal discourse underpinned with logical reasoning.The feminine body narrative endeavors to achieve a new way of communication through which a reciprocal cross race/gender relationship might be established.

Gone with the Wind and Women's Awakening

Scarlett who was the heroine in the world famous book Gone with the Wind,is regarded as one of the most impressive images in the world literature.Her charm lies in her perverse personality of independence and her spirit of freedom.This essay analyzes the characters of the heroine through highlighting women's social status in the South during the age of Scarlett's time.It could be safely concluded that Scarlett's characters and her courage to face the difficulties during the war reveal the awakening of women's self-consciousness and the realization of feminine value.

Sensitive Skin in China

Background: Many consumers in the USA and Europe define themselves as having sensitive skin, a phenomenon whose etiology appears to include both physiological and psychosocial factors. Objectives: Sensitive skin data from the developing world is sparse. This study evaluates the prevalence and characteristics of sensitive skin in China and compares data collected to existing data from the western world. Patients/Materials/Methods: A total of 408 Chinese women voluntarily completed a survey on sensitive skin. Results: Some degree of skin sensitivity was claimed by 94 (23%) of respondents;most (90.4%) said their skin was only slightly or moderately sensitive. Facial sensitivity was claimed by 21% of Chinese women, sensitivity of the body surface by 9% and genital sensitivity by only 6%. Small numbers of respondents reported a history of skin allergy (3%) or a familial history of sensitive skin (2%). Many reported making buying decisions based on product claims. Conclusions: Only 23% of Chinese women claimed any degree of sensitive skin, a prevalence substantially lower than that observed in most Western countries. Sensitivity of the genital skin, in particular, was dramatically lower, suggesting at least some cultural component to perceptions of sensitive skin.

“女性写作”的中国之旅——后女性主义关键词“écriture féminine”的译介研究

"écriture féminine"一词是后女性主义批评理论的关键词之一,自从1992年被译介到中国以来就拥有多种译名。学界就这些译名的讨论也非常热烈,其中最激烈的两场争论是"écriture féminine"这个具有西方理论背景的概念与"女性文学"这个中国文学传统中的概念的碰撞,其二是"écriture féminine"与90年代"躯体写作""身体写作"的争论。

Analysis of Fitzgerald s Bernice Bobbed Her Hair from Feminist Criticism

In Western countries,WWI fostered a major change in attitude by bringing many women out of their homes into new spheres of action,and brought birth to the " new women" and the booming of feminism in United States.Bernice Bobs Her Hair,published in 1920 and collected in Flappers and Philosophers,is a well-known short story of early Fitzgerald.The two heroines-rural girl Bernice and her cousin Marjorie,who was an urban gardenia girl-both had their long beautiful hair cut passively.This paper attempts to reveal the traditional patriarchal shadow deep inside the " new women",by the analysis of psychological changes and their incentives in Bernice and Marjorie through three phases:before Bernice talking about haircut,haircut as Bernice' s chatting topic and after haircut,to search for the real meaning of New Women,which,as the writer' s opinion,New Women are not the females getting rid of the constraints of " angle",such as " beautiful long hair",but the females who take the responsibilities for the societies,their families and themselves based on their feminine essence.