The image of Mulan is well known to the public as an important symbol in the dissemination of Chinese excellent traditional culture.This paper aims to summarise the mother-title from traditional canonical texts,to exp...The image of Mulan is well known to the public as an important symbol in the dissemination of Chinese excellent traditional culture.This paper aims to summarise the mother-title from traditional canonical texts,to explore the content and value of sustainable IP development,and to study a large number of derivatives with the image of Mulan as the mother-title,based on the wide circulation of the prototype of the mother-title“The Poem of Mulan”(木兰辞)and the positive values conveyed by the content.Through the processing and imagination of scholars and writers on the mother text in the past generations,the image of Mulan has gradually formed a relatively stable cultural communication theme in the process of dissemination in China’s historical period,and many adaptations with international influence based on the mother title of Mulan have emerged in the foreign dissemination,so through the combing and summarisation of the textual works of various periods both at home and abroad,we will dig out the textual transmission of the mother title of Mulan,which is representative of the mother title of China’s excellent traditional culture,and the development of the Chinese spiritual core.The Development of the Chinese Spiritual Kernel.This paper adopts research methods such as documentary evidence method and discourse analysis to show the textual flow of Mulan’s parent theme in a more diversified form.展开更多
In the Heart of the Country,the second novel by J.M.Coetzee,has been traditionally read as a disembodied writing that focuses on the problem of writing per se instead of the reality.This paper contends that the work i...In the Heart of the Country,the second novel by J.M.Coetzee,has been traditionally read as a disembodied writing that focuses on the problem of writing per se instead of the reality.This paper contends that the work is actually a body narrative that explores the visceral pain suffered by Magda whose infertile body impedes her being a qualified subject.As the heroine in a postcolonial novel,Magda is not just a body that is restricted and constructed by the politics of the body,but also a thinking and writing body that consciously questions and resists the gendered bodily norms under whose yardstick her subjecthood is barred.Written in the metafictional manner,Magda’s narrative of the body is not just a record of her corporeal experience,but also a self-conscious negotiation with,and challenge of,the bodily norms under whose yardstick her body has been debased or,in terms of Judith Butler,abjected.Taking her female bodily experience as the starting point,Magda writes a feminine text that values passion,fluidity and non-linearity to disrupt the patriarchal discourse underpinned with logical reasoning.The feminine body narrative endeavors to achieve a new way of communication through which a reciprocal cross race/gender relationship might be established.展开更多
Since the onset of the constitution 2010,the Kenyan community has put more weight on women empowerment.The emphasis is more on the girl child compared to the boy child.There are several steps that have been taken to u...Since the onset of the constitution 2010,the Kenyan community has put more weight on women empowerment.The emphasis is more on the girl child compared to the boy child.There are several steps that have been taken to uplift the status of the girl child;these include the creation of a special position in parliament just to deal with women matters.Apart from these there has been deliberate efforts put in place to bring women at per with their male counterparts by putting in place the one third gender.These efforts though laudable requires political good will.However,there is emerging a new phenomenon that seems to pose a challenge to these political-constitutional efforts.This is,the perception of religion and the equation of human equality.In this paper,I try to trace the female participation in the religious and political engagements in Kenya upto 2010.展开更多
Much more than simple viewing, gaze, which is a kind of concentrated thorough long-term viewing, makes the gazer and the gazed establish a complicated power relationship. Frequently, women are in a position of being g...Much more than simple viewing, gaze, which is a kind of concentrated thorough long-term viewing, makes the gazer and the gazed establish a complicated power relationship. Frequently, women are in a position of being gazed at by others instead of taking the initiative to have a counter gaze. Consequently, they are confronted with abnormal self identity construction and alienation under the gazes of others and the self gaze brought by others’ gazes. This is fully revealed in the experiences of three representative female characters in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. This paper elaborates on their experiences and the relative consequences under gazes-deviation of femininity and other aspects, in the hope of providing a refreshing perspective for the study on this novel, gaze and gender issues.展开更多
Scarlett who was the heroine in the world famous book Gone with the Wind,is regarded as one of the most impressive images in the world literature.Her charm lies in her perverse personality of independence and her spir...Scarlett who was the heroine in the world famous book Gone with the Wind,is regarded as one of the most impressive images in the world literature.Her charm lies in her perverse personality of independence and her spirit of freedom.This essay analyzes the characters of the heroine through highlighting women's social status in the South during the age of Scarlett's time.It could be safely concluded that Scarlett's characters and her courage to face the difficulties during the war reveal the awakening of women's self-consciousness and the realization of feminine value.展开更多
Background: Many consumers in the USA and Europe define themselves as having sensitive skin, a phenomenon whose etiology appears to include both physiological and psychosocial factors. Objectives: Sensitive skin data ...Background: Many consumers in the USA and Europe define themselves as having sensitive skin, a phenomenon whose etiology appears to include both physiological and psychosocial factors. Objectives: Sensitive skin data from the developing world is sparse. This study evaluates the prevalence and characteristics of sensitive skin in China and compares data collected to existing data from the western world. Patients/Materials/Methods: A total of 408 Chinese women voluntarily completed a survey on sensitive skin. Results: Some degree of skin sensitivity was claimed by 94 (23%) of respondents;most (90.4%) said their skin was only slightly or moderately sensitive. Facial sensitivity was claimed by 21% of Chinese women, sensitivity of the body surface by 9% and genital sensitivity by only 6%. Small numbers of respondents reported a history of skin allergy (3%) or a familial history of sensitive skin (2%). Many reported making buying decisions based on product claims. Conclusions: Only 23% of Chinese women claimed any degree of sensitive skin, a prevalence substantially lower than that observed in most Western countries. Sensitivity of the genital skin, in particular, was dramatically lower, suggesting at least some cultural component to perceptions of sensitive skin.展开更多
In Western countries,WWI fostered a major change in attitude by bringing many women out of their homes into new spheres of action,and brought birth to the " new women" and the booming of feminism in United S...In Western countries,WWI fostered a major change in attitude by bringing many women out of their homes into new spheres of action,and brought birth to the " new women" and the booming of feminism in United States.Bernice Bobs Her Hair,published in 1920 and collected in Flappers and Philosophers,is a well-known short story of early Fitzgerald.The two heroines-rural girl Bernice and her cousin Marjorie,who was an urban gardenia girl-both had their long beautiful hair cut passively.This paper attempts to reveal the traditional patriarchal shadow deep inside the " new women",by the analysis of psychological changes and their incentives in Bernice and Marjorie through three phases:before Bernice talking about haircut,haircut as Bernice' s chatting topic and after haircut,to search for the real meaning of New Women,which,as the writer' s opinion,New Women are not the females getting rid of the constraints of " angle",such as " beautiful long hair",but the females who take the responsibilities for the societies,their families and themselves based on their feminine essence.展开更多
In Rebecca and A Dream of Red Mansions, the authors create two similar female characters — Rebecca and Wang Xifeng,who have aroused numerous discussions among scholars. Although Rebecca and Xi-feng live in different ...In Rebecca and A Dream of Red Mansions, the authors create two similar female characters — Rebecca and Wang Xifeng,who have aroused numerous discussions among scholars. Although Rebecca and Xi-feng live in different times, they are quite similar in their characters and destinies, and are often referred as representatives of awakened female. This dissertation in tends to conduct a cross-culture comparison between Rebecca and Xi-feng by answering the following questions: 1) what are the historical and individual causes of the feminine awakening of Rebecca and Xi-feng; 2) what are the similarities between Re becca's and Xi-feng's feminine consciousness? 3) What are the differences between Rebecca and A Dream of Red Mansions in dis playing characters' feminine consciousness?By adopting parallel comparative research method, the study finds that: 1) the feminine consciousness of Rebecca and Xifeng stems from both trends of thoughts at that time and their relatively free and open growing environment; 2) the similarity be tween them is that they have similar androgynous characteristics, which reflect the authors' pursuit of an integrated human identi ty; 3) the individuality of Rebecca lies in the characterization techniques, namely the narrative perspective and dual texts, which imply both protest and surrender under the grim reality; in A Dream of Red Mansions, Xi-feng does not form clear feminine con sciousness, instead she become a defender and victim of patriarchal culture.The author hopes that this comparative study between two literary characters can bring a new light to the study of two mas terpieces and help readers to differentiate patterns of feminine consciousness as well as to gain a better perception of feminist value in wider context.展开更多
Previous research has implicated the involvement of androgens in sex-role orientation in males, from studies of 2nd to 4th digit ratio (a purported marker of prenatal testosterone). The present pilot study investigate...Previous research has implicated the involvement of androgens in sex-role orientation in males, from studies of 2nd to 4th digit ratio (a purported marker of prenatal testosterone). The present pilot study investigates the relationship between salivary testosterone levels and sex-role orientation using Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) scores in adult males. Twenty-one males (aged 18-24) completed the BSRI and provided saliva samples for assay. BSRI Femininity scores were significantly negatively correlated with testosterone levels;the higher the Femininity scores, the lower the testosterone levels. There was no relation of BSRI Masculinity scores with testosterone levels. Our preliminary results add to the research suggesting that sex-role orientation in males may be partially related to underlying hormone levels.展开更多
Arthur Miller is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century in the United States,together with the conscience of American drama.Nevertheless,his works have always been considered as h...Arthur Miller is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century in the United States,together with the conscience of American drama.Nevertheless,his works have always been considered as having misogynic inclinations.This paper,on the basis of gender theories,seeks to undertake an interpretation to the elements of masculinity and femininity regarding female characters in Arthur Miller’s dramas.Taking The Crucible and A Memory of Two Mondays as a case in point,the author seeks to identify and discuss three categories of female characters,comprising“the angel in the house”,the figure of Medea,and the silenced and absent females,in order to deconstruct Miller’s dichotomized outlook on females.展开更多
This article is the result of a research carried out in a private hospital of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The patient care model of the Mastology Department includes an interdisciplinary staff that aims for the comprehens...This article is the result of a research carried out in a private hospital of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The patient care model of the Mastology Department includes an interdisciplinary staff that aims for the comprehensive treatment of these surgical patients. The research is based on clinical approach, under the framework of Analytical Psychology. Feminine archetypal images are symbolically represented by the Main Goddesses of the Olympus. It is natural for one of these expressions to prevail throughout a woman’s life, or even in specific moments of her life, but it is important to recognize that all of them are part of the feminine soul. We can, therefore, define and understand the Goddesses from Greek Mythology symbolically as being representative of the various feminine psychogenic forces that are projected. In reality, they are internal images that can be used to help know and understand personal issues and changes that are necessary in a woman’s life, enabling personal growth and the possibility to identify herself with the more authentic elements of her being. In this work experience, the feminine force showed itself to be a force of creation, of expression and of overcoming.展开更多
Feminist literary theory underpins literature from matriarchal perspective revolting against prototype patriarchal ritual i.e.established dogmatism,superstition,close-eyed religious propaganda,language engineering and...Feminist literary theory underpins literature from matriarchal perspective revolting against prototype patriarchal ritual i.e.established dogmatism,superstition,close-eyed religious propaganda,language engineering and so forth.It questions the textual politics of dissipating womankind in literature.It shatters long-cherishing outlook of gender inequality,gender politics,power relation,sexual objectification,oppression,patriarchy,stereotyping and so on.In this connection,this theory sees women along with their experiences,thinking,language,position and role playing,cultural conditioning,diction,and above all,matriarchal assertion in literature.Feminist literary criticism has been generated from feminism and the basic aim of the theory is to investigate and trace out how female characters have been positioned in literature compared with male characters in terms of social and biological factors of different ages of the past started from antiquity.Feminist literary theory has also deconstructed texts from two different perspectives i.e.text written by men and text written by women.This paper attempts to evalualte feminist literary criticism as a subtle machinery or paradigm of matriarchy not only in avant-garde but also in old texts of literature.展开更多
Introduction: Obstetric fistula is a public health problem but its prevalence remains unknown in Niger. We report epidemiological and anatomopathological status of new cases of female genital fistula. Method: Multicen...Introduction: Obstetric fistula is a public health problem but its prevalence remains unknown in Niger. We report epidemiological and anatomopathological status of new cases of female genital fistula. Method: Multicentre prospective study over 15 months (January 1st, 2016 to March 31st, 2017) in 5 national centers for the therapeutic management of female genital fistula. Data were collected from focus groups, observations and pre-established individual survey form and hospital records. Results: During the 15-month survey period, 148 new cases of female genital fistula of obstetric origin were recorded. Patients aged 15 to 19 accounted for 40% of cases. They were married before the age of 16 (55.4%), out of school in 89.2% and 77.2% lived outside the matrimonial home. The patients came from rural areas (96%) of the cases, the labor of delivery lasted more than 24 hours in 71.6% and in 95.3% of the cases the delivery was initiated at home and then finished in a health facility, 33.8% had assisted vaginal delivery (forceps/suction cup), 23% by caesarean section and 10.81% by laparotomy for uterine rupture. Fistula occurred during first delivery (47.3%) and recurrence accounted for 5.4% of cases. Perinatal death accounted for 85.1%. Conclusion: Female genital fistula of obstetric origin remains a major public health problem in Niger despite the efforts made.展开更多
This paper is concerned with examining Republican Chinese woman writer Lu Yin’s(庐隐1898-1934)several fictional works and concentrated on the expression of feminine consciousness.The awakening of feminine consciousne...This paper is concerned with examining Republican Chinese woman writer Lu Yin’s(庐隐1898-1934)several fictional works and concentrated on the expression of feminine consciousness.The awakening of feminine consciousness expressed in her fiction is comprised of two aspects.The first section of this paper focuses on the first aspect that reflects feminine consciousness—the subversion of traditional familial narratives—in which four short stories were analysed.Two fiction pieces,“A Scene”and“A Victims of the Times”,in which Ling Fen’s shimu and Xiuzhen were used as examples of typical victims in traditional families during the early 20th-century transitional period,revealed Lu Yin’s compassion for women’s sufferings.In“Father”and in“The Failure of Professor Qin”,several male characters played dominant roles;however,in fact,Lu Yin’s purpose was to deconstruct phallocentrism through debasing the image of an authoritative father as the prelude to awakening female self-consciousness.Thereafter,the paper explored the second aspect in terms of the awakening of feminine consciousness—that is,the freedom of marriage and love.Focusing on two respective heroines Lan Tian and Supu in“The Confession of Lan Tian”and in The Heart of Women,this section explores the issue of marriage issues and love affairs from different perspectives.Lu Yin expressed her objections to feudal arranged marriages and her advocacy of pursuing true love,but at the same time she also emphasised the antinomy of romantic love.Overall,women’s subjects that Lu Yin created in her works represent her affirmation of self-perception in terms of gender issues.With her particular feminine consciousness,Lu Yin broke through powerful mainstream ideological discourse.展开更多
The article shows that speakers of Modern Hebrew continue to adhere to the tif’alna form that is characteristic of Biblical Hebrew,and not only when speaking or writing in a high register.Our counting of the occurren...The article shows that speakers of Modern Hebrew continue to adhere to the tif’alna form that is characteristic of Biblical Hebrew,and not only when speaking or writing in a high register.Our counting of the occurrences of 19 tif’alna forms using Google’s search engine found thousands of quotations which,while mostly in a high register,also included examples of spoken language(which approximates to ladies and gentlemen),as well as language disruptions and the simpler yif’alu form.It appears that the unceasing use of tif’alna forms today has links to the feminist revolution that showed its first signs in Israel in the 1970s.Women’s organizations in Israel have come out against classical Hebrew’s generic form,which is masculine.The use of the tif’alna form sits well with the modern trend of addressing a mixed audience twice over,as in ma’azinot u-ma’azinim.展开更多
Reflecting back on higher or world religions in history,the tenets of their doctrines have been male dominating,and they have been characterized by androcentrism.Under a male-dominating religious order,women are often...Reflecting back on higher or world religions in history,the tenets of their doctrines have been male dominating,and they have been characterized by androcentrism.Under a male-dominating religious order,women are often excluded from essential rituals or hierarchy,their role consequently dwindling gradually.Behind this negative view of women,we can find the dichotomous thinking of male practitioners,the distinctions of the holy and secular,spirit and body,reason and emotion,male and female,and good and evil.The sacred world which male priests sought was separated from the secular world,and the purity of their souls could not coexist with their bodies.Men were regarded as having an existence that was pure,sacred,spiritual,good and reasonable,while women were seen as being worldly,fleshly,unwholesome and emotional.The former and the latter could not be compatible or mixed.The former were primary,while the latter were secondary and the object of control or elimination by the former.In this presentation I will introduce a new paradigm based on the practices of Won Buddhism for the development of egalitarian society.展开更多
Space plays a critical role in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.This paper examines the construction of feminine space in the fiction by applying the theory of gendered space and using methods such as induction,compariso...Space plays a critical role in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.This paper examines the construction of feminine space in the fiction by applying the theory of gendered space and using methods such as induction,comparison,and mutual corroboration of literature and history.The feminine space in the fiction was constructed on the basis of“gender segregation.”The female characters mainly stayed at the“backyard”of homesteads,and were rarely seen in external spaces,leaving space power in the hands of men.However,thanks to certain special opportunities,status,or class,women could acquire some knowledge and abilities not available to them in the space.Under such circumstances,they had the chance to reverse the space power.The fiction presents the richness and complexity of feminine space and circumstances in the late Han Dynasty.展开更多
文摘The image of Mulan is well known to the public as an important symbol in the dissemination of Chinese excellent traditional culture.This paper aims to summarise the mother-title from traditional canonical texts,to explore the content and value of sustainable IP development,and to study a large number of derivatives with the image of Mulan as the mother-title,based on the wide circulation of the prototype of the mother-title“The Poem of Mulan”(木兰辞)and the positive values conveyed by the content.Through the processing and imagination of scholars and writers on the mother text in the past generations,the image of Mulan has gradually formed a relatively stable cultural communication theme in the process of dissemination in China’s historical period,and many adaptations with international influence based on the mother title of Mulan have emerged in the foreign dissemination,so through the combing and summarisation of the textual works of various periods both at home and abroad,we will dig out the textual transmission of the mother title of Mulan,which is representative of the mother title of China’s excellent traditional culture,and the development of the Chinese spiritual core.The Development of the Chinese Spiritual Kernel.This paper adopts research methods such as documentary evidence method and discourse analysis to show the textual flow of Mulan’s parent theme in a more diversified form.
基金supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Fund of Ministry of Education of China (No.19XJA7520012020)supported by National Social Science Fund of China (No.20BWW069).
文摘In the Heart of the Country,the second novel by J.M.Coetzee,has been traditionally read as a disembodied writing that focuses on the problem of writing per se instead of the reality.This paper contends that the work is actually a body narrative that explores the visceral pain suffered by Magda whose infertile body impedes her being a qualified subject.As the heroine in a postcolonial novel,Magda is not just a body that is restricted and constructed by the politics of the body,but also a thinking and writing body that consciously questions and resists the gendered bodily norms under whose yardstick her subjecthood is barred.Written in the metafictional manner,Magda’s narrative of the body is not just a record of her corporeal experience,but also a self-conscious negotiation with,and challenge of,the bodily norms under whose yardstick her body has been debased or,in terms of Judith Butler,abjected.Taking her female bodily experience as the starting point,Magda writes a feminine text that values passion,fluidity and non-linearity to disrupt the patriarchal discourse underpinned with logical reasoning.The feminine body narrative endeavors to achieve a new way of communication through which a reciprocal cross race/gender relationship might be established.
文摘Since the onset of the constitution 2010,the Kenyan community has put more weight on women empowerment.The emphasis is more on the girl child compared to the boy child.There are several steps that have been taken to uplift the status of the girl child;these include the creation of a special position in parliament just to deal with women matters.Apart from these there has been deliberate efforts put in place to bring women at per with their male counterparts by putting in place the one third gender.These efforts though laudable requires political good will.However,there is emerging a new phenomenon that seems to pose a challenge to these political-constitutional efforts.This is,the perception of religion and the equation of human equality.In this paper,I try to trace the female participation in the religious and political engagements in Kenya upto 2010.
文摘Much more than simple viewing, gaze, which is a kind of concentrated thorough long-term viewing, makes the gazer and the gazed establish a complicated power relationship. Frequently, women are in a position of being gazed at by others instead of taking the initiative to have a counter gaze. Consequently, they are confronted with abnormal self identity construction and alienation under the gazes of others and the self gaze brought by others’ gazes. This is fully revealed in the experiences of three representative female characters in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. This paper elaborates on their experiences and the relative consequences under gazes-deviation of femininity and other aspects, in the hope of providing a refreshing perspective for the study on this novel, gaze and gender issues.
文摘Scarlett who was the heroine in the world famous book Gone with the Wind,is regarded as one of the most impressive images in the world literature.Her charm lies in her perverse personality of independence and her spirit of freedom.This essay analyzes the characters of the heroine through highlighting women's social status in the South during the age of Scarlett's time.It could be safely concluded that Scarlett's characters and her courage to face the difficulties during the war reveal the awakening of women's self-consciousness and the realization of feminine value.
文摘Background: Many consumers in the USA and Europe define themselves as having sensitive skin, a phenomenon whose etiology appears to include both physiological and psychosocial factors. Objectives: Sensitive skin data from the developing world is sparse. This study evaluates the prevalence and characteristics of sensitive skin in China and compares data collected to existing data from the western world. Patients/Materials/Methods: A total of 408 Chinese women voluntarily completed a survey on sensitive skin. Results: Some degree of skin sensitivity was claimed by 94 (23%) of respondents;most (90.4%) said their skin was only slightly or moderately sensitive. Facial sensitivity was claimed by 21% of Chinese women, sensitivity of the body surface by 9% and genital sensitivity by only 6%. Small numbers of respondents reported a history of skin allergy (3%) or a familial history of sensitive skin (2%). Many reported making buying decisions based on product claims. Conclusions: Only 23% of Chinese women claimed any degree of sensitive skin, a prevalence substantially lower than that observed in most Western countries. Sensitivity of the genital skin, in particular, was dramatically lower, suggesting at least some cultural component to perceptions of sensitive skin.
文摘In Western countries,WWI fostered a major change in attitude by bringing many women out of their homes into new spheres of action,and brought birth to the " new women" and the booming of feminism in United States.Bernice Bobs Her Hair,published in 1920 and collected in Flappers and Philosophers,is a well-known short story of early Fitzgerald.The two heroines-rural girl Bernice and her cousin Marjorie,who was an urban gardenia girl-both had their long beautiful hair cut passively.This paper attempts to reveal the traditional patriarchal shadow deep inside the " new women",by the analysis of psychological changes and their incentives in Bernice and Marjorie through three phases:before Bernice talking about haircut,haircut as Bernice' s chatting topic and after haircut,to search for the real meaning of New Women,which,as the writer' s opinion,New Women are not the females getting rid of the constraints of " angle",such as " beautiful long hair",but the females who take the responsibilities for the societies,their families and themselves based on their feminine essence.
文摘In Rebecca and A Dream of Red Mansions, the authors create two similar female characters — Rebecca and Wang Xifeng,who have aroused numerous discussions among scholars. Although Rebecca and Xi-feng live in different times, they are quite similar in their characters and destinies, and are often referred as representatives of awakened female. This dissertation in tends to conduct a cross-culture comparison between Rebecca and Xi-feng by answering the following questions: 1) what are the historical and individual causes of the feminine awakening of Rebecca and Xi-feng; 2) what are the similarities between Re becca's and Xi-feng's feminine consciousness? 3) What are the differences between Rebecca and A Dream of Red Mansions in dis playing characters' feminine consciousness?By adopting parallel comparative research method, the study finds that: 1) the feminine consciousness of Rebecca and Xifeng stems from both trends of thoughts at that time and their relatively free and open growing environment; 2) the similarity be tween them is that they have similar androgynous characteristics, which reflect the authors' pursuit of an integrated human identi ty; 3) the individuality of Rebecca lies in the characterization techniques, namely the narrative perspective and dual texts, which imply both protest and surrender under the grim reality; in A Dream of Red Mansions, Xi-feng does not form clear feminine con sciousness, instead she become a defender and victim of patriarchal culture.The author hopes that this comparative study between two literary characters can bring a new light to the study of two mas terpieces and help readers to differentiate patterns of feminine consciousness as well as to gain a better perception of feminist value in wider context.
文摘Previous research has implicated the involvement of androgens in sex-role orientation in males, from studies of 2nd to 4th digit ratio (a purported marker of prenatal testosterone). The present pilot study investigates the relationship between salivary testosterone levels and sex-role orientation using Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) scores in adult males. Twenty-one males (aged 18-24) completed the BSRI and provided saliva samples for assay. BSRI Femininity scores were significantly negatively correlated with testosterone levels;the higher the Femininity scores, the lower the testosterone levels. There was no relation of BSRI Masculinity scores with testosterone levels. Our preliminary results add to the research suggesting that sex-role orientation in males may be partially related to underlying hormone levels.
文摘Arthur Miller is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century in the United States,together with the conscience of American drama.Nevertheless,his works have always been considered as having misogynic inclinations.This paper,on the basis of gender theories,seeks to undertake an interpretation to the elements of masculinity and femininity regarding female characters in Arthur Miller’s dramas.Taking The Crucible and A Memory of Two Mondays as a case in point,the author seeks to identify and discuss three categories of female characters,comprising“the angel in the house”,the figure of Medea,and the silenced and absent females,in order to deconstruct Miller’s dichotomized outlook on females.
文摘This article is the result of a research carried out in a private hospital of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The patient care model of the Mastology Department includes an interdisciplinary staff that aims for the comprehensive treatment of these surgical patients. The research is based on clinical approach, under the framework of Analytical Psychology. Feminine archetypal images are symbolically represented by the Main Goddesses of the Olympus. It is natural for one of these expressions to prevail throughout a woman’s life, or even in specific moments of her life, but it is important to recognize that all of them are part of the feminine soul. We can, therefore, define and understand the Goddesses from Greek Mythology symbolically as being representative of the various feminine psychogenic forces that are projected. In reality, they are internal images that can be used to help know and understand personal issues and changes that are necessary in a woman’s life, enabling personal growth and the possibility to identify herself with the more authentic elements of her being. In this work experience, the feminine force showed itself to be a force of creation, of expression and of overcoming.
文摘Feminist literary theory underpins literature from matriarchal perspective revolting against prototype patriarchal ritual i.e.established dogmatism,superstition,close-eyed religious propaganda,language engineering and so forth.It questions the textual politics of dissipating womankind in literature.It shatters long-cherishing outlook of gender inequality,gender politics,power relation,sexual objectification,oppression,patriarchy,stereotyping and so on.In this connection,this theory sees women along with their experiences,thinking,language,position and role playing,cultural conditioning,diction,and above all,matriarchal assertion in literature.Feminist literary criticism has been generated from feminism and the basic aim of the theory is to investigate and trace out how female characters have been positioned in literature compared with male characters in terms of social and biological factors of different ages of the past started from antiquity.Feminist literary theory has also deconstructed texts from two different perspectives i.e.text written by men and text written by women.This paper attempts to evalualte feminist literary criticism as a subtle machinery or paradigm of matriarchy not only in avant-garde but also in old texts of literature.
文摘Introduction: Obstetric fistula is a public health problem but its prevalence remains unknown in Niger. We report epidemiological and anatomopathological status of new cases of female genital fistula. Method: Multicentre prospective study over 15 months (January 1st, 2016 to March 31st, 2017) in 5 national centers for the therapeutic management of female genital fistula. Data were collected from focus groups, observations and pre-established individual survey form and hospital records. Results: During the 15-month survey period, 148 new cases of female genital fistula of obstetric origin were recorded. Patients aged 15 to 19 accounted for 40% of cases. They were married before the age of 16 (55.4%), out of school in 89.2% and 77.2% lived outside the matrimonial home. The patients came from rural areas (96%) of the cases, the labor of delivery lasted more than 24 hours in 71.6% and in 95.3% of the cases the delivery was initiated at home and then finished in a health facility, 33.8% had assisted vaginal delivery (forceps/suction cup), 23% by caesarean section and 10.81% by laparotomy for uterine rupture. Fistula occurred during first delivery (47.3%) and recurrence accounted for 5.4% of cases. Perinatal death accounted for 85.1%. Conclusion: Female genital fistula of obstetric origin remains a major public health problem in Niger despite the efforts made.
文摘This paper is concerned with examining Republican Chinese woman writer Lu Yin’s(庐隐1898-1934)several fictional works and concentrated on the expression of feminine consciousness.The awakening of feminine consciousness expressed in her fiction is comprised of two aspects.The first section of this paper focuses on the first aspect that reflects feminine consciousness—the subversion of traditional familial narratives—in which four short stories were analysed.Two fiction pieces,“A Scene”and“A Victims of the Times”,in which Ling Fen’s shimu and Xiuzhen were used as examples of typical victims in traditional families during the early 20th-century transitional period,revealed Lu Yin’s compassion for women’s sufferings.In“Father”and in“The Failure of Professor Qin”,several male characters played dominant roles;however,in fact,Lu Yin’s purpose was to deconstruct phallocentrism through debasing the image of an authoritative father as the prelude to awakening female self-consciousness.Thereafter,the paper explored the second aspect in terms of the awakening of feminine consciousness—that is,the freedom of marriage and love.Focusing on two respective heroines Lan Tian and Supu in“The Confession of Lan Tian”and in The Heart of Women,this section explores the issue of marriage issues and love affairs from different perspectives.Lu Yin expressed her objections to feudal arranged marriages and her advocacy of pursuing true love,but at the same time she also emphasised the antinomy of romantic love.Overall,women’s subjects that Lu Yin created in her works represent her affirmation of self-perception in terms of gender issues.With her particular feminine consciousness,Lu Yin broke through powerful mainstream ideological discourse.
文摘The article shows that speakers of Modern Hebrew continue to adhere to the tif’alna form that is characteristic of Biblical Hebrew,and not only when speaking or writing in a high register.Our counting of the occurrences of 19 tif’alna forms using Google’s search engine found thousands of quotations which,while mostly in a high register,also included examples of spoken language(which approximates to ladies and gentlemen),as well as language disruptions and the simpler yif’alu form.It appears that the unceasing use of tif’alna forms today has links to the feminist revolution that showed its first signs in Israel in the 1970s.Women’s organizations in Israel have come out against classical Hebrew’s generic form,which is masculine.The use of the tif’alna form sits well with the modern trend of addressing a mixed audience twice over,as in ma’azinot u-ma’azinim.
文摘Reflecting back on higher or world religions in history,the tenets of their doctrines have been male dominating,and they have been characterized by androcentrism.Under a male-dominating religious order,women are often excluded from essential rituals or hierarchy,their role consequently dwindling gradually.Behind this negative view of women,we can find the dichotomous thinking of male practitioners,the distinctions of the holy and secular,spirit and body,reason and emotion,male and female,and good and evil.The sacred world which male priests sought was separated from the secular world,and the purity of their souls could not coexist with their bodies.Men were regarded as having an existence that was pure,sacred,spiritual,good and reasonable,while women were seen as being worldly,fleshly,unwholesome and emotional.The former and the latter could not be compatible or mixed.The former were primary,while the latter were secondary and the object of control or elimination by the former.In this presentation I will introduce a new paradigm based on the practices of Won Buddhism for the development of egalitarian society.
基金funded by Sichuan Center for Zhuge Liang Studies(21ZGL03).
文摘Space plays a critical role in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.This paper examines the construction of feminine space in the fiction by applying the theory of gendered space and using methods such as induction,comparison,and mutual corroboration of literature and history.The feminine space in the fiction was constructed on the basis of“gender segregation.”The female characters mainly stayed at the“backyard”of homesteads,and were rarely seen in external spaces,leaving space power in the hands of men.However,thanks to certain special opportunities,status,or class,women could acquire some knowledge and abilities not available to them in the space.Under such circumstances,they had the chance to reverse the space power.The fiction presents the richness and complexity of feminine space and circumstances in the late Han Dynasty.