Bone marrow edema is a self-limiting, under-recognized condition. It mainly involves the lower limbs. It is characterized by pain and inability to bear weight. Diagnosis is most often based on imaging and by excluding...Bone marrow edema is a self-limiting, under-recognized condition. It mainly involves the lower limbs. It is characterized by pain and inability to bear weight. Diagnosis is most often based on imaging and by excluding other causes. Its exact pathogenesis is still debated and various theories are postulated. Treatment ranges from anti-inflammatories to restricted weight bearing. This overview has tried to revisit this rare and perhaps forgotten clinical-radiological condition.展开更多
BACKGROUND Osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH)is a destructive condition most commonly affecting young and middle-aged patients.The leading consequence of ONFH is often a significant articular disability.Effective...BACKGROUND Osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH)is a destructive condition most commonly affecting young and middle-aged patients.The leading consequence of ONFH is often a significant articular disability.Effective joint-preserving surgical treatments are urgently needed for patients with early stage ONFH when outcomes of treatment are in general better than the advanced stage disease.AIM To introduce a new surgery procedure called percutaneous expanded core decompression and mixed bone graft technique,which is a new way of jointpreserving surgical treatments.METHODS The clinical data of 6 patients with ONFH diagnosed and treated with the procedure called percutaneous expanded core decompression and mixed bone graft technique at The First Hospital of Qiqihar from March 2013 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed;the follow-up ended in December 2019.RESULTS There were 6 male patients with an average age of 43 years in our study.Gratifying results have been obtained from the comparison of Harris hip score,visual analogue scale,and imaging examination before and after operation.CONCLUSION This new modified technique is simple,safe,and reliable.No serious perioperative complications were observed in our cases.Advantages of the single blade expandable reamer are obvious.The adjuvant substance is inexpensive and easy to obtain.Thus,this technique is an effective joint-preserving surgical treatment for patients with early stage of ONFH.展开更多
Objective To review the recent developments in the mechanisms of glucocorticoids induced osteonecrosis of femoral head （ONFH） and introduce a new theory of ONFH.Data sources Both Chinese- and English-language litera...Objective To review the recent developments in the mechanisms of glucocorticoids induced osteonecrosis of femoral head （ONFH） and introduce a new theory of ONFH.Data sources Both Chinese- and English-language literatures were searched using MEDLINE （1997-2011）,Pubmed （1997-2011 ） and the Index of Chinese-language Literature （1997-2011 ）.Study selection Data from published articles about mechanisms of glucocorticoids induced ONFH in recent domestic and foreign literature were selected.Data extraction Data were mainly extracted from 61 articles which are listed in the reference section of this review.Results Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that play a pivotal role in the regulation of a variety of developmental,metabolic and immune functions.However,high dose of exogenous glucocorticoids usage is the most common non-traumatic cause of ON FH.Glucocorticoids can affect the metabolisms of osteoblasts,osteoclasts,bone marrow stromal cells and adipocytes which decrease osteoblasts formation but increase adipocytes formation and cause ONFH finally.Conclusions Glucocorticoids affect the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells,through activating or inhibiting the related transcript regulators of osteogenesis and adipogenesis.At last,the size and volume of mesenchymal stem cells derived adipocytes will increase amazingly,but the osteoblasts will be decreased obviously.In the meantime,the activity of the osteoclasts will be activated.So,these mechanisms work together and lead to ONFH.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the effect of Huogu II Formula （活骨 II方 ） with medicinal guide Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae （Ach） on bone marrow stem cells （BMSCs） homing to necrosis area after osteonecrosis of the...Objective： To investigate the effect of Huogu II Formula （活骨 II方 ） with medicinal guide Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae （Ach） on bone marrow stem cells （BMSCs） homing to necrosis area after osteonecrosis of the femoral head （ONFH） frozen by liquid nitrogen in rabbit as well as to explore the mechanism of prevention and treatment for ONFH. Methods： The animal model of ONFH was established by liquid nitrogen frozen on the rabbit left hind leg. Forty-eight Japanese White rabbits were randomly assigned to sham-operated group, model group, Huogu II group, and Huogu II plus Ach group, with 12 rabbits in each. During the course of ONFH animal model establishment, all rabbits were subcutaneously injected with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [rhG-CSF, 30 μg/（kg.day） for continuous 7 days]. Meanwhile, normal saline and decoction of the two formulae were administrated by gavage, respectively. White blood cells （WBC） were counted in peripheral blood before and after injection of rhG-CSF. Materials were drawn on the 2rid and 4th weeks after model built; bone glutamine protein （BGP） and bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP2） levels in serum were tested. Histopathologic changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining. BMP2 mRNA levels were detected with in situ hybridization （iSH） staining. 5-Bromo-2＇-deoxyuridine （BrdU） and stromal cell derived factor 1 （SDF-1） were measured by immunohistochemical assay in femoral head of the left hind leg. Results： Compared with the shamoperated group, the ratio of empty lacuna, serum BGP, and SDF-1 level in the model group increased significantly, and BMP2 in both serum and femoral head decreased significantly. However, in comparison with the model group, the empty lacuna ratio of Huogu II group and Huogu II plus Ach group decreased obviously in addition to the levels of serum BGP and BMP2, and the expressions of BMP2 mRNA, BrdU, and SDF-1 increased significantly. Above changes were particularly obvious in Huogu II plus Ach group. BGP and SDF-1 on the 2nd week and empty lacuna rate and serum BMP2 level on the 4th week in Huogu II group significantly exceeded their counterparts. On the 2nd week, only in Huogu II plus Ach group that the BrdU counting rose significantly. On the 4th week, empty lacuna rate and serum BMP2 level in Huogu II plus Ach group exceeded those in Huogu II group distinctively. Conclusions： To a certain extent, the medicinal guide Ach improves the preventive and therapeutic effects of Huogu II Formula on expedmental ONFH model. The possible mechanism of this is related to its promoting effect on directional homing of BMSCs to the necrosis area.展开更多
目的探讨股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)出现骨髓水肿(bone marrow edema,BME)时疼痛及塌陷的病理机制。方法选取在广州中医药大学第一附属医院因ONFH行人工全髋关节置换的ARCOⅢ期病例,收集股骨头标本、临床及影...目的探讨股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)出现骨髓水肿(bone marrow edema,BME)时疼痛及塌陷的病理机制。方法选取在广州中医药大学第一附属医院因ONFH行人工全髋关节置换的ARCOⅢ期病例,收集股骨头标本、临床及影像学资料。根据术前1周MR资料将股骨头标本分为BME组和non-BME组。苏木精-伊红(HE)和天狼星红染色观察股骨头标本骨组织形态结构变化;Western blotting和q-PCR检测不同区域骨组织中CTSK、RANKL、Netrin-1的半定量表达。结果①影像学及临床资料结果表明,BME组患者VAS评分明显高于对照组。②HE染色发现,两组坏死区骨质结构絮乱,存在大量空骨陷窝;BME组肉芽组织明显,硬化区(修复区)可见大量梭形成纤维细胞及炎性细胞集聚。③天狼星红染色发现,BME组坏死区及硬化区存在大量胶原纤维。④Western blotting和q-PCR结果提示,BME组患者骨组织的坏死区、硬化区和正常区Netrin-1蛋白和基因的表达均高于non-BME组(P<0.05),BME组骨组织的坏死区、硬化区破骨相关蛋白和基因表达高于non-BME组(P<0.05)。结论髋关节疼痛与股骨头坏死BME呈正相关,过度活跃的破骨细胞参与BME时塌陷的发生,其分泌的Netrin-1蛋白上调介导相关疼痛机制。展开更多
非创伤性股骨头坏死(nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head, NONFH)作为一种骨结构和生物力学的发生改变可导致髋关节功能丧失的一种难治性骨关节病,主要可分为糖皮质激素性和酒精性两大类。骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow me...非创伤性股骨头坏死(nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head, NONFH)作为一种骨结构和生物力学的发生改变可导致髋关节功能丧失的一种难治性骨关节病,主要可分为糖皮质激素性和酒精性两大类。骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, BMSCs)作为保持骨稳态的主要干细胞,具有分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞的能力。通过调控BMSCs向成骨细胞、软骨细胞分化对NONFH的修复和重建意义重大。中药在中医学“整体观念、辨证论治”理论指导下防治“骨蚀、骨痹”历史悠久、疗效显著。中药通过促进BMSCs向成骨细胞、软骨细胞分化,避免其向脂肪细胞分化,对NONFH的治疗有着重要意义。基于此,该文将中药调控BMSCs分化功能治疗NONFH最新研究进展进行综述,旨为NONFH相关研究的深入及临床防治提供思路和参考。展开更多
文摘Bone marrow edema is a self-limiting, under-recognized condition. It mainly involves the lower limbs. It is characterized by pain and inability to bear weight. Diagnosis is most often based on imaging and by excluding other causes. Its exact pathogenesis is still debated and various theories are postulated. Treatment ranges from anti-inflammatories to restricted weight bearing. This overview has tried to revisit this rare and perhaps forgotten clinical-radiological condition.
基金Supported by The First Hospital of Qiqihar,No.2013-006Department of Veterans Affairs and the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Memphis,No.I01 BX000671.
文摘BACKGROUND Osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH)is a destructive condition most commonly affecting young and middle-aged patients.The leading consequence of ONFH is often a significant articular disability.Effective joint-preserving surgical treatments are urgently needed for patients with early stage ONFH when outcomes of treatment are in general better than the advanced stage disease.AIM To introduce a new surgery procedure called percutaneous expanded core decompression and mixed bone graft technique,which is a new way of jointpreserving surgical treatments.METHODS The clinical data of 6 patients with ONFH diagnosed and treated with the procedure called percutaneous expanded core decompression and mixed bone graft technique at The First Hospital of Qiqihar from March 2013 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed;the follow-up ended in December 2019.RESULTS There were 6 male patients with an average age of 43 years in our study.Gratifying results have been obtained from the comparison of Harris hip score,visual analogue scale,and imaging examination before and after operation.CONCLUSION This new modified technique is simple,safe,and reliable.No serious perioperative complications were observed in our cases.Advantages of the single blade expandable reamer are obvious.The adjuvant substance is inexpensive and easy to obtain.Thus,this technique is an effective joint-preserving surgical treatment for patients with early stage of ONFH.
文摘Objective To review the recent developments in the mechanisms of glucocorticoids induced osteonecrosis of femoral head （ONFH） and introduce a new theory of ONFH.Data sources Both Chinese- and English-language literatures were searched using MEDLINE （1997-2011）,Pubmed （1997-2011 ） and the Index of Chinese-language Literature （1997-2011 ）.Study selection Data from published articles about mechanisms of glucocorticoids induced ONFH in recent domestic and foreign literature were selected.Data extraction Data were mainly extracted from 61 articles which are listed in the reference section of this review.Results Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that play a pivotal role in the regulation of a variety of developmental,metabolic and immune functions.However,high dose of exogenous glucocorticoids usage is the most common non-traumatic cause of ON FH.Glucocorticoids can affect the metabolisms of osteoblasts,osteoclasts,bone marrow stromal cells and adipocytes which decrease osteoblasts formation but increase adipocytes formation and cause ONFH finally.Conclusions Glucocorticoids affect the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells,through activating or inhibiting the related transcript regulators of osteogenesis and adipogenesis.At last,the size and volume of mesenchymal stem cells derived adipocytes will increase amazingly,but the osteoblasts will be decreased obviously.In the meantime,the activity of the osteoclasts will be activated.So,these mechanisms work together and lead to ONFH.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30672770)
文摘Objective： To investigate the effect of Huogu II Formula （活骨 II方 ） with medicinal guide Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae （Ach） on bone marrow stem cells （BMSCs） homing to necrosis area after osteonecrosis of the femoral head （ONFH） frozen by liquid nitrogen in rabbit as well as to explore the mechanism of prevention and treatment for ONFH. Methods： The animal model of ONFH was established by liquid nitrogen frozen on the rabbit left hind leg. Forty-eight Japanese White rabbits were randomly assigned to sham-operated group, model group, Huogu II group, and Huogu II plus Ach group, with 12 rabbits in each. During the course of ONFH animal model establishment, all rabbits were subcutaneously injected with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [rhG-CSF, 30 μg/（kg.day） for continuous 7 days]. Meanwhile, normal saline and decoction of the two formulae were administrated by gavage, respectively. White blood cells （WBC） were counted in peripheral blood before and after injection of rhG-CSF. Materials were drawn on the 2rid and 4th weeks after model built; bone glutamine protein （BGP） and bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP2） levels in serum were tested. Histopathologic changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining. BMP2 mRNA levels were detected with in situ hybridization （iSH） staining. 5-Bromo-2＇-deoxyuridine （BrdU） and stromal cell derived factor 1 （SDF-1） were measured by immunohistochemical assay in femoral head of the left hind leg. Results： Compared with the shamoperated group, the ratio of empty lacuna, serum BGP, and SDF-1 level in the model group increased significantly, and BMP2 in both serum and femoral head decreased significantly. However, in comparison with the model group, the empty lacuna ratio of Huogu II group and Huogu II plus Ach group decreased obviously in addition to the levels of serum BGP and BMP2, and the expressions of BMP2 mRNA, BrdU, and SDF-1 increased significantly. Above changes were particularly obvious in Huogu II plus Ach group. BGP and SDF-1 on the 2nd week and empty lacuna rate and serum BMP2 level on the 4th week in Huogu II group significantly exceeded their counterparts. On the 2nd week, only in Huogu II plus Ach group that the BrdU counting rose significantly. On the 4th week, empty lacuna rate and serum BMP2 level in Huogu II plus Ach group exceeded those in Huogu II group distinctively. Conclusions： To a certain extent, the medicinal guide Ach improves the preventive and therapeutic effects of Huogu II Formula on expedmental ONFH model. The possible mechanism of this is related to its promoting effect on directional homing of BMSCs to the necrosis area.
文摘目的探讨股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)出现骨髓水肿(bone marrow edema,BME)时疼痛及塌陷的病理机制。方法选取在广州中医药大学第一附属医院因ONFH行人工全髋关节置换的ARCOⅢ期病例,收集股骨头标本、临床及影像学资料。根据术前1周MR资料将股骨头标本分为BME组和non-BME组。苏木精-伊红(HE)和天狼星红染色观察股骨头标本骨组织形态结构变化;Western blotting和q-PCR检测不同区域骨组织中CTSK、RANKL、Netrin-1的半定量表达。结果①影像学及临床资料结果表明,BME组患者VAS评分明显高于对照组。②HE染色发现,两组坏死区骨质结构絮乱,存在大量空骨陷窝;BME组肉芽组织明显,硬化区(修复区)可见大量梭形成纤维细胞及炎性细胞集聚。③天狼星红染色发现,BME组坏死区及硬化区存在大量胶原纤维。④Western blotting和q-PCR结果提示,BME组患者骨组织的坏死区、硬化区和正常区Netrin-1蛋白和基因的表达均高于non-BME组(P<0.05),BME组骨组织的坏死区、硬化区破骨相关蛋白和基因表达高于non-BME组(P<0.05)。结论髋关节疼痛与股骨头坏死BME呈正相关,过度活跃的破骨细胞参与BME时塌陷的发生,其分泌的Netrin-1蛋白上调介导相关疼痛机制。
