Objective:The objective of this study is to study the best inclusion technology of Lavender-and fennel-mixed volatile oil by beta?cyclodextrin(β-CD) and characterize the final product thereafter.Methods:Using the sat...Objective:The objective of this study is to study the best inclusion technology of Lavender-and fennel-mixed volatile oil by beta?cyclodextrin(β-CD) and characterize the final product thereafter.Methods:Using the saturated water solution method,the volatile β-CD inclusion complex was produced.The effect of volatile oil weight ratio,inclusion temperature and inclusion time on the inclusive quality was studied by measuring the yield of inclusion and inclusion rate of volatile oil as evaluation indexes.The preparation method of inclusion complex was then optimized by the Box-Behnken response surface method.The inclusion complex was characterized by ultraviolet spectrophotometry,thin-layer chromatography,thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis,and the microscopic imaging method.Results:The optimized conditions were the weight ratio of β-CD to volatile oil was 8.13:1(g/ml).The inclusion temperature was 44°C.The inclusion time was 1 h.Conclusion:We were able to produce an inclusion complex with high inclusion rate of volatile oil and high yield of inclusion using the preparation method mentioned above.Furthermore,the method can also improve the stability of volatile oil in abnormal savda munziq.This study can provide a good reference for the development of new preparations.展开更多
Aim:The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of chamomile fl owers methanolic extract(CFME)and fennel seeds methanolic extract(FSME)on azathioprine(AZA),an immunosuppressant drug,which indu...Aim:The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of chamomile fl owers methanolic extract(CFME)and fennel seeds methanolic extract(FSME)on azathioprine(AZA),an immunosuppressant drug,which induced a liver injury and oxidative stress in rats.Methods:Rats were divided into 6 groups(8 rats each)and treated orally for 28 consecutive days as follows.Group 1:rats were given normal saline and used as controls;group 2:rats treated with CFME(200 mg/kg);group 3:rats treated with FSME(200 mg/kg);group 4:rats treated with AZA(25 mg/kg);and groups 5 and 6:rats treated with CFME(200 mg/kg)or FSME(200 mg/kg)15 min prior to AZA(25 mg/kg)treatment.At the end of experimental period,blood and liver samples were collected from all groups for biochemical analysis and histological examination.Results:The obtained data revealed that AZA-induced hepatic injury in the rats as evidenced by the signifi cant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,cholesterol,and direct bilirubin as well as hepatic malondialdehyde level accompanied with signifi cant decrease in reduced glutathione content and total antioxidant capacity in the liver.Moreover,body weight gain showed the signifi cant decrease and relative liver weight showed the signifi cant increase on AZA treatment.The sequential signifi cant changes in biochemical parameters were accompanied by severe histological changes in the liver tissue,including hepatocytes disorganization with pyknotic nuclei,fatty degeneration,congestion,fi brosis,and bile duct necrosis around the portal tract.The areas of hemorrhages in blood vessels and in between hepatocytes were also seen.However,the results showed the potential hepatoprotective effects of CFME and FSME against AZA-induced liver injury and oxidative stress.They succeeded in restoring the biochemical parameters and improving the histological picture of the liver.This improvement was more pronounced in the rats pretreated with FSME.Conclusion:It could be concluded that CFME and FSME have hepatoprotective potentials against AZA probably due to their antioxidant properties and radical scavenging activity.展开更多
Irrigation of fish farms with agricultural drainage water may affect cultured fish species. So, the present study utilizes antioxidants supplemented diet to overcome deterioration of drainage water and its negative ef...Irrigation of fish farms with agricultural drainage water may affect cultured fish species. So, the present study utilizes antioxidants supplemented diet to overcome deterioration of drainage water and its negative effect on fish. The studied groups are fish cultured in dechlorinated tap water as control group or drainage water and fed commercial basal diet. While, the other studied groups represented by Oreochromis niloticus fish cultured in drainage water and fed either commercial diet supplemented with vitamin C (5 g/kg diet) or fennel (5 g/kg diet) for 12 weeks. Results of the water physico-chemical parameters of all studied treatments revealed deterioration of the drainage water with a decrease in dissolved oxygen and an increase in pH, total hardness, total alkalinity, salinity, ammonia, nitrite and heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Cd) with significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) in comparison to that of the control dechlorinated tap water group. Data clarified also that Oreochromis niloticus cultured in drainage water showed a decrease in growth rate accompanied by deterioration of fish meat quality. However, fish reared in the same drainage water for the same exposure period and fed vitamin C or fennel supplemented basal diet (5 g/kg diet) recorded values of the studied parameters more or less similar to that of control group fish. Data of the present study, empowered aquaculturist to supplement fish rations with fennel or vitamin C as antioxidants to improve fish growth rate, meat quality as well as protect fish against heavy metals toxicity that could threat Human Being.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no:81660667)
文摘Objective:The objective of this study is to study the best inclusion technology of Lavender-and fennel-mixed volatile oil by beta?cyclodextrin(β-CD) and characterize the final product thereafter.Methods:Using the saturated water solution method,the volatile β-CD inclusion complex was produced.The effect of volatile oil weight ratio,inclusion temperature and inclusion time on the inclusive quality was studied by measuring the yield of inclusion and inclusion rate of volatile oil as evaluation indexes.The preparation method of inclusion complex was then optimized by the Box-Behnken response surface method.The inclusion complex was characterized by ultraviolet spectrophotometry,thin-layer chromatography,thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis,and the microscopic imaging method.Results:The optimized conditions were the weight ratio of β-CD to volatile oil was 8.13:1(g/ml).The inclusion temperature was 44°C.The inclusion time was 1 h.Conclusion:We were able to produce an inclusion complex with high inclusion rate of volatile oil and high yield of inclusion using the preparation method mentioned above.Furthermore,the method can also improve the stability of volatile oil in abnormal savda munziq.This study can provide a good reference for the development of new preparations.
文摘Aim:The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of chamomile fl owers methanolic extract(CFME)and fennel seeds methanolic extract(FSME)on azathioprine(AZA),an immunosuppressant drug,which induced a liver injury and oxidative stress in rats.Methods:Rats were divided into 6 groups(8 rats each)and treated orally for 28 consecutive days as follows.Group 1:rats were given normal saline and used as controls;group 2:rats treated with CFME(200 mg/kg);group 3:rats treated with FSME(200 mg/kg);group 4:rats treated with AZA(25 mg/kg);and groups 5 and 6:rats treated with CFME(200 mg/kg)or FSME(200 mg/kg)15 min prior to AZA(25 mg/kg)treatment.At the end of experimental period,blood and liver samples were collected from all groups for biochemical analysis and histological examination.Results:The obtained data revealed that AZA-induced hepatic injury in the rats as evidenced by the signifi cant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,cholesterol,and direct bilirubin as well as hepatic malondialdehyde level accompanied with signifi cant decrease in reduced glutathione content and total antioxidant capacity in the liver.Moreover,body weight gain showed the signifi cant decrease and relative liver weight showed the signifi cant increase on AZA treatment.The sequential signifi cant changes in biochemical parameters were accompanied by severe histological changes in the liver tissue,including hepatocytes disorganization with pyknotic nuclei,fatty degeneration,congestion,fi brosis,and bile duct necrosis around the portal tract.The areas of hemorrhages in blood vessels and in between hepatocytes were also seen.However,the results showed the potential hepatoprotective effects of CFME and FSME against AZA-induced liver injury and oxidative stress.They succeeded in restoring the biochemical parameters and improving the histological picture of the liver.This improvement was more pronounced in the rats pretreated with FSME.Conclusion:It could be concluded that CFME and FSME have hepatoprotective potentials against AZA probably due to their antioxidant properties and radical scavenging activity.
文摘Irrigation of fish farms with agricultural drainage water may affect cultured fish species. So, the present study utilizes antioxidants supplemented diet to overcome deterioration of drainage water and its negative effect on fish. The studied groups are fish cultured in dechlorinated tap water as control group or drainage water and fed commercial basal diet. While, the other studied groups represented by Oreochromis niloticus fish cultured in drainage water and fed either commercial diet supplemented with vitamin C (5 g/kg diet) or fennel (5 g/kg diet) for 12 weeks. Results of the water physico-chemical parameters of all studied treatments revealed deterioration of the drainage water with a decrease in dissolved oxygen and an increase in pH, total hardness, total alkalinity, salinity, ammonia, nitrite and heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Cd) with significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) in comparison to that of the control dechlorinated tap water group. Data clarified also that Oreochromis niloticus cultured in drainage water showed a decrease in growth rate accompanied by deterioration of fish meat quality. However, fish reared in the same drainage water for the same exposure period and fed vitamin C or fennel supplemented basal diet (5 g/kg diet) recorded values of the studied parameters more or less similar to that of control group fish. Data of the present study, empowered aquaculturist to supplement fish rations with fennel or vitamin C as antioxidants to improve fish growth rate, meat quality as well as protect fish against heavy metals toxicity that could threat Human Being.
