Design and manufacture of emulsion liquid membrane based on various amine extractants for separation and extraction of succinic acid from fermentation broth

The aim of this study was to design a new emulsion liquid membrane(ELM)system for the separation of succinic acid from aqueous solutions.The concentration of succinic acid varied from 20 to 60 mmol·L^(-1).The prepared ELM system includes tributylamine(TBA)as a carrier,commercial kerosene as a solvent,Span 80 as a surfactant,and Na2CO3as a stripping agent.In order to control the membrane swelling,different values of cyclohexanone were added to the membrane phase.The effect of various empirical variables on the extraction of the succinic acid such as acid concentration in the feed solution,initial feed concentration,carrier concentration,the stirring speed of the extraction,Na2CO3,surfactant,and cyclohexanone concentrations,and treat ratio in the ELM system.The best result was obtained when TBA was used as the carrier.The final acid extraction efficiency was independent of pH variations of the aqueous feed solution.The extraction of succinic acid solution with a concentration of 40 mmol·L^(-1)was improved by increasing the treat ratio 1:7-1:3,stripping phase concentration 0.5-1.5 mol·L^(-1),stirring speed 300-500 r·min^(-1)and cyclohexanone concentration in the membrane phase 1.2-1.6 mol·L^(-1).No considerable effect on the extraction rate was observed for the carrier concentration in the membrane phase.But,the surfactant concentration in the feed phase showed a dual effect on the extraction efficiency.

The effects of fermentation and adsorption using lactic acid bacteria culture broth on the feed quality of rice straw

To improve the nutritional value and the palatability of air-dried rice straw, culture broth of the lactic acid bacteria community SFC-2 was used to examine the effects of two different treatments, fermentation and adsorption. Air-dried and chopped rice straw was treated with either fermentation for 30 d after adding 1.5 L nutrient solution（50 m L inocula L–1, 1.2×1012 CFU m L–1 inocula） kg–1 straw dry matter, or spraying a large amount of culture broth（1.5 L kg–1 straw dry matter, 1.5×1011 CFU m L–1 culture broth） on the straw and allowing it to adsorb for 30 min. The feed quality and aerobic stability of the resulting forage were examined. Both treatments improved the feed quality of rice straw, and adsorption was better than fermentation for preserving nutrients and improving digestibility, as evidenced by higher dry matter（DM） and crude protein（CP） concentrations, lower neutral detergent fiber（NDF）, acid detergent fiber（ADF） and NH3-N concentrations, as well as higher lactic acid production and in vitro digestibility of DM（IVDMD）. The aerobic stability of the adsorbed straw and the fermented straw was 392 and 480 h, respectively. After being exposed to air, chemical components and microbial community of the fermented straw were more stable than the adsorbed straw.

The Simulation Experiment of Ethanol Separation from Fermentation Broth by Gas Stripping

The feasibility of ethanol separation from ethanol-water solution saturated with glucose by gas strippingis showil theoretically and experimentally. The effects of glucose on the saturated vapor pressure of ethanol, and thatof operating temperature and gas stripping flow rates, K/G, on Stripping result are discussed.

Improvement in bioconversion efficiency and reduction of ammonia emission by introduction of fruit fermentation broth in a black soldier fly larvae and kitchen waste conversion system

The black soldier fly(BSF),Hermetia illucens(Diptera:Stratiomyidae),is an insect commonly used for the bioconversion of various organic wastes.Not only can the BSF convert organic waste into macromolecular organic substances,such as insect pro-teins,but it can also lessen the pollution associated with these waste products by reducing ammonia emissions,for example.In this study,we measured the effects of adding fruit fermentation broth(Fer)and commercial lactic acid bacteria fermentation broth(Em)to kitchen waste(KW),as deodorizing auxiliary substances,on the growth performance of black soldier fly larvae(BSFL),the intestinal flora structure of BSFL,the ammonia emis-sion from the KW substrate,and the microbial community structure of the KW substrate.We found that the addition of Fer or Em increased the body weight of BSFL after 6 d of culture,increasing the growth rate by 9.96%and 7.96%,respectively.The addition of Fer not only reduced the pH of the KW substrate but also increased the relative abundance of probiotics,such as Lactobacillus,Lysinibacillus,and Vagococcus,which inhibited the growth of ammonifiers such as Bacillus,Oligella,Paenalcaligenes,Paenibacillus,Pseu-dogracilibacillus,and Pseudomonas,resulting in the reduction of ammonia emission in the KW substrate.Moreover,the addition of Fer or Em significantly increased the rela-tive abundances of Bacteroides,Campylobacter,Dysgonomonas,Enterococcus,and Ig-natzschineria in the gut of BSFL and increased the species diversity and richness in the K W substrate.Our findings provide a novel way to improve the conversion rate of organic waste and reduce the environmental pollution caused by BSF.

Effect of mushroom root fermentation broth on the umami taste and nutrients of Flammulina velutipes

As one of the most appealing edible mushrooms,the quality of Flammulina velutipes can be affected by the cultivation substrate,which has an impact on the mushroom umami taste and nutrients.In our study,the effect of mushroom root fermentation broth(MRFB)based substrate on umami taste and nutrients of F.velutipes were evaluated;four proportions of MRFB were conducted(CK 0%,E16.7%,E213.4%,E320.1%).Results indicated that MRFB was an effective nutrient supplement for mushroom cultivation substrate.E2 and E3 showed higher crude fiber,crude fat,and soluble protein.Compared to CK,the content of monosodium glutamate-like(MSG-like)amino acids,essential amino acids,total amino acids,and total 5′-nucleotides in E2 and E3 were higher.The equivalent umami concentration(EUC)values in E1,E2 and E3 were 1.70,2.43 and 1.56 times that of CK,respectively.Higher umami,saltness and sweetness taste values were found in E2.Thereby,it signified that better umami and richer nutrients were achieved by using substrate with proper volume of MRFB,especially,E2 with 13.4%of MRFB.Overall,better mushroom quality could be derived from the application of MRFB in cultivation.MRFB was a favorable nutrient supplement for F.velutipes cultivation substrate.