Determination of the available energy,standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets

Three experiments were conducted to compare the digestible(DE),metabolizable energy(ME),and standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of amino acids(AA)in fermented corn germ meal(FCGM)and soybean meal(SBM),and evaluate the effects of FCGM replacing SBM in growing pig diets.In Exp.1,18 barrows with initial body weight(BW)of 60.2±3.40 kg were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment.The control diet used corn as the only energy ingredient,and 2 test diets were made by replacing 25.8%of corn with FCGM or SBM.The DE and ME of FCGM were less(P<0.01)than those of SBM.In Exp.2,18 barrows(59.3±2.52 kg BW)with ileal T-cannulas were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment.The SID of arginine,tryptophan and proline were greater(P<0.05)and the tyrosine was less(P=0.01)in SBM compared with FCGM.In Exp.3,144 growing pigs(56.1±5.22 kg BW)were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 pens per treatment(3 barrows and 3 gilts per pen).Four diets(FCGM0,FCGM10,FCGM20 and FCGM30)were formulated using FCGM to replace 0%,10%,20%and 30%of SBM,respectively.The ME and SID values of AA of SBM and FCGM were determined by Exp.1 and 2.Results showed that increasing FCGM inclusion quadratically(P<0.05)increased the average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake,and the levels of serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)and urea nitrogen,and linearly(P<0.05)increased the serum IgM,the propanoic acid,butyric acid,total volatile fatty acid(VFA)and the Shannon index of microbiota in feces.Besides,the relative abundance of genus Streptococcus in FCGM0,Lactobacillus in FCGM10 and Lachnospiraceae in FCGM30 were increased(P<0.05)compared with other treatments.In conclusion,we recommend replacing 11.80%of SBM with FCGM to obtain the optimal ADG of growing pigs.Moreover,as the ratio of FCGM replacing SBM increased in diet,the immunity,intestinal microbiota and total VFA composition of growing pigs were improved.

Application of Protein Feed Processed by Microbial Fermentation to Dairy Cow

Methionine （Met） and lysine （Lys） have been reported as the first two limiting amino acids （AA） for maximum milk yield and milk protein production. Supplying these AA may improve microbial protein synthesis and therefore improve milk production without adding excess N to the environment. This observation utilized fermented soybean meal （SBM）, cottonseed meal （CSM）, rapeseed meal （RSM） and corn by Bacillus subtilis 168 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides as core feedstuffs to produce special biological protein feed for dairy cow. The results showed that the milk production, milk protein percentage, milk fat percentage and milk DM percentage of test groups in trial period were significantly more than those of the control group （P〈0.01）, the results showed that adding fermenting protein feed in dairy cow diets could significantly improve milk yield, milk protein and milk fat content. The economic benefits of actual application were analyzed, the group of 0.5% was the best compared with the other groups.