Stiffness degradation-based damage model for RC members and structures using fiber-beam elements

To meet the demand for an accurate and highly efficient damage model with a distinct physical meaning for performance-based earthquake engineering applications, a stiffness degradation-based damage model for reinforced concrete （RC） members and structures was developed using fiber beam-column elements. In this model, damage indices for concrete and steel fibers were defined by the degradation of the initial reloading modulus and the low-cycle fatigue law. Then, section, member, story and structure damage was evaluated by the degradation of the sectional bending stiffness, rod-end bending stiffness, story lateral stiffness and structure lateral stiffness, respectively. The damage model was realized in Matlab by reading in the outputs of OpenSees. The application of the damage model to RC columns and a RC frame indicates that the damage model is capable of accurately predicting the magnitude, position, and evolutionary process of damage, and estimating stow damage more precisely than inter-story drift. Additionally, the damage model establishes a close connection between damage indices at various levels without introducing weighting coefficients or force-displacement relationships. The development of the model has perfected the damage assessment function of OpenSees, laying a solid foundation for damage estimation at various levels of a large-scale structure subjected to seismic loading.

Finite Element Modeling of Stamp Forming Process on Fiber Metal Laminates

Fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) possess huge potential in mass-reduction strategy of automotive industry. In order to understand behavior of FMLs as they undergo stamp forming processes, finite element analyses of surface strain evolutions have been carried out. The simulations provide strains at locations within the layers of an FML, allowing better understanding of forming behavior of the composite layer and its influence on the metal layers. Finite element analyses were conducted on two aluminum-based FMLs with different fiber-reinforced composites and benchmarked against monolithic aluminum alloy. The simulation results indicated that high stiffness of the reinforcement constrains flow of the matrix in the composite layer, which can be attributed to the distinguishing behavior of the FMLs compared to the monolithic aluminum alloy.

Finite Element Modeling of Stamp Forming Process on Thermoplastic-Based Fiber Metal Laminates at Elevated Temperatures

This paper investigated stamp forming performance of two aluminum-based Fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) with different fiber-reinforced composites using finite element analysis. Given the inherent thermal-dependent properties of fiber-reinforced polypropylene, the effect of elevated temperature on its forming behavior is worthy of concern. Furthermore, the elevation in temperature also influences the bonding within the constituent lamina. Both factors were integrated in the modelling. By investigating the through-thickness strain evolution throughout the stamping process, the forming mode of each layer, as well as their interactions, were better understood. Results suggested that the flow of matrix and the rotation at the intersections of fiber strands can be promoted at elevated temperature, which transforms the forming performance of FMLs close to that of monolithic aluminum. These results propose means to improve the forming performance of FMLs.

Modeling of fiber bridging in fluid flow for well stimulation applications

Accurate acid placement constitutes a major concern in matrix stimulation because the acid tends to penetrate the zones of least resistance while leaving the low-permeability regions of the formation untreated.Degradable materials(fibers and solid particles)have recently shown a good capability as fluid diversion to overcome the issues related to matrix stimulation.Despite the success achieved in the recent acid stimulation jobs stemming from the use of some products that rely on fiber flocculation as the main diverting mechanism,it was observed that the volume of the base fluid and the loading of the particles are not optimized.The current industry lacks a scientific design guideline because the used methodology is based on experience or empirical studies in a particular area with a particular product.It is important then to understand the fundamentals of how acid diversion works in carbonates with different diverting mechanisms and diverters.Mathematical modeling and computer simulations are effective tools to develop this understanding and are efficiently applied to new product development,new applications of existing products or usage optimization.In this work,we develop a numerical model to study fiber dynamics in fluid flow.We employ a discrete element method in which the fibers are represented by multi-rigid-body systems of interconnected spheres.The discrete fiber model is coupled with a fluid flow solver to account for the inherent simultaneous interactions.The focus of the study is on the tendency for fibers to flocculate and bridge when interacting with suspending fluids and encountering restrictions that can be representative of fractures or wormholes in carbonates.The trends of the dynamic fiber behavior under various operating conditions including fiber loading,flow rate and fluid viscosity obtained from the numerical model show consistency with experimental observations.The present numerical investigation reveals that the bridging capability of the fiber–fluid system can be enhanced by increasing the fiber loading,selecting fibers with higher stiffness,reducing the injection flow rate,reducing the suspending fluid viscosity or increasing the attractive cohesive forces among fibers by using sticky fibers.

STATISTIC MODELING OF THE CREEP BEHAVIOR OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

The aim of the paper is to discover the general creep mechanisms for the short fiber reinforcement matrix composites (MMCs) under uniaxial stress states and to build a relationship between the macroscopic steady creep behavior and the material micro geometric parameters. The unit cell models were used to calculate the macroscopic creep behavior with different micro geometric parameters of fibers on different loading directions. The influence of the geometric parameters of the fibers and loading directions on the macroscopic creep behavior had been obtained, and described quantitatively. The matrix/fiber interface had been considered by a third layer, matrix/fiber interlayer, in the unit cells with different creep properties and thickness. Based on the numerical results of the unit cell models, a statistic model had been presented for the plane randomly-distributed-fiber MMCs. The fiber breakage had been taken into account in the statistic model for it starts experimentally early in the creep life. With the distribution of the geometric parameters of the fibers, the results of the statistic model agree well with the experiments. With the statistic model, the influence of the geometric parameters and the breakage of the fibers as well as the properties and thickness of, the interlayer on the macroscopic steady creep rate have been discussed.

纤维金属板蜂窝夹芯结构鸟体高速冲击损伤分析

纤维金属板蜂窝夹芯结构作为一种轻质航空结构,研究其抗鸟体高速冲击性能具有重要的现实意义。本文提出一种基于连续介质损伤力学的有限元模型,研究鸟体高速冲击下纤维金属板蜂窝夹芯结构的力学行为及损伤机理。采用光滑粒子流体动力学(Smooth particle hydrodynamics, SPH)法对鸟体类流体力学行为进行建模;采用Johnson-Cook模型模拟金属层冲击力学响应;采用三维Hashin准则,考虑应变率效应,模拟复合材料层板面内损伤演化;采用界面单元模拟层间分层现象。编写用户材料VUMAT子程序,实现基于ABAQUS/Explicit软件平台的数值求解。探讨鸟体速度、蜂窝高度和面板厚度对纤维金属板蜂窝夹芯结构鸟体冲击性能的影响,分析预应力条件下纤维金属板蜂窝夹芯结构鸟体高速冲击损伤特性,为夹芯结构鸟体冲击问题数值分析提供一定的参考。

温度影响下碳纤维导线分层力学特性有限元分析

为探明温度对碳纤维导线分层力学特性的影响,考虑拐点温度,利用电热模块施加不同电压得到多种温度,并计算分析不同温度和拉断力条件下碳纤维导线的各层、各股和各截面应力应变分布.研究结果表明:拐点温度后,碳芯受到正向应力但铝绞线承受负向应力,使碳纤维导线失去了承担拉断力的作用;各股线的最大应力和应变均出现在线的两端,倒角位置的应力和应变结果略大于对应股线主体上的应力;碳纤维导线各个截面的最大应力均为正值,均出现在碳芯上,其靠近外力施加端截面的最大应力出现突然下降的现象;碳纤维导线更适用于各种温度条件,但应注意导线两端夹持位置和梯形截面中小截面的力学特性变化.

变刚度复合材料层合板研究进展

变刚度复合材料层合板由纤维曲线铺放而成,可以实现刚度分布的变化设计,与传统固定铺层角的复合材料层合板相比,变刚度复合材料层合板在减少重量和成本的同时,也提高了结构性能。随着铺放设备的发展,目前已经能够利用自动铺放技术实现纤维的曲线铺放。同时,为提高复合材料构件的结构性能和满足不同的工程实际需求,铺层设计方法也从单一角度的直线铺层逐渐向变角度曲线铺层发展。本文首先介绍了变刚度复合材料层合板设计制造方法与有限元建模,接着在刚度分布、屈曲特性、失效行为等方面阐述了变刚度复合材料层合板力学性能的研究进展,然后结合南京航空航天大学复合材料工程自动化技术研究中心在变刚度复合材料层合板振动特性方面的研究,对变刚度复合材料层合板振动特性进行了分析和概括,最后对变刚度复合材料层合板未来的研究趋势进行了论述与展望。

正交异性钢-钢纤维混凝土组合桥面板疲劳极限状态研究

为了解正交异性钢-钢纤维混凝土(Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete,SFRC)组合桥面板的疲劳性能及失效机理,以川南城际铁路临港长江大桥为背景,设计、制作正交异性钢-SFRC组合桥面板足尺模型进行疲劳试验,采用ANSYS软件建立试件有限元模型,研究关键细节的疲劳应力和开裂等情况。基于有限元模型,分析不同设计参数(钢顶板厚度、栓钉布置、SFRC抗拉强度及层厚)下组合桥面板疲劳极限状态的失效模式,并提出了主要控制参数取值建议。结果表明:200万次疲劳加载后足尺模型的实测最大裂缝宽度为0.136 mm,出现在SFRC层上缘,钢结构未开裂,组合桥面板疲劳性能良好;组合桥面板疲劳极限状态主要由SFRC层开裂控制,钢顶板厚度、栓钉布置对组合桥面板疲劳性能的影响较小,SFRC抗拉强度和层厚对组合桥面板疲劳性能影响较大,为主要控制参数;在常规正交异性钢桥面板上铺设薄层(厚度不超过50 mm)SFRC时,SFRC抗拉强度不应小于5 MPa,在常规正交异性钢桥面板上铺设普通SFRC(钢纤维体积含量不高于1%,抗拉强度不高于3 MPa)时,SFRC层厚不宜低于100 mm。

考虑局部屈曲加劲钢箱形构件极限承载力的纤维梁柱模型

大型桥梁加劲钢箱形构件的极限承载力会受到板件局部稳定性能的影响,而目前尚缺乏成熟的可直接计入局部屈曲的高效计算模型。归纳总结国内外钢构件计算方法对局部屈曲的处理方式,明确以有效应力法即采用板件(或加劲板)平均受压应力-应变曲线简化局部屈曲效应的研究思路。通过有限元程序ANSYS二次开发钢板拉压非对称本构模型,提出一种可直接计入局部屈曲的纤维梁柱模型。材料本构模型中受压应力-应变曲线通过小型的加劲板板壳模型得到,且全面考虑了焊接残余应力与几何缺陷。搜集已开展的钢箱梁、钢桥塔及钢拱肋的稳定性试验,采用提出的纤维梁柱模型、板壳模型与传统弹塑性梁柱模型进行分析,展示截面纤维划分策略,验证文中纤维梁柱模型的可靠性与高效性;通过设置不同的缺陷参数,探讨缺陷水平与局部屈曲对各个构件极限承载力的影响。研究表明,随着缺陷水平的严重,局部屈曲会显著降低极限承载力,提出的纤维梁柱单元模型能够有效地预测加劲钢箱形构件的极限承载力,具有较广泛的应用前景。

BFRP模壳不排水加固RC墩柱恢复力模型

为研究玄武岩纤维增强聚合物(basalt fiber reinforced polymer, BFRP)模壳不排水加固钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete, RC)墩柱抗震恢复力模型,在拟静力试验基础上,采用OpenSees有限元软件对模壳加固墩柱进行数值分析,主要研究参数为填充层混凝土强度、模壳厚度、加固高度、轴压比。研究表明:填充层混凝土强度等级越高,墩柱抗震性能有所增强,但C40以上的填充层混凝土强度等级墩柱的抗震性能较为接近;模壳加固厚度较大墩柱的抗震性能优于厚度较小墩柱;当模壳加固高度较高时,墩柱的抗震性能较好,当加固高度大于2~3倍原墩柱塑性铰高度时,抗震性能提升效果趋于稳定;轴压比越大,墩柱的刚度退化较快,不利延性发展。后通过数据回归分析,建立了BFRP模壳加固RC墩柱恢复力模型,对比可知,恢复力模型与试验曲线拟合较好,能有效反映加固墩柱的滞回性能,可为此类结构的抗震性能分析提供参考。

基于有限元仿真和光纤传感的隧道损伤监测

对苏州四号线支线红庄站至蠡墅站段地铁进行隧道结构开展静力场和动力场有限元仿真分析,并根据仿真结果和现场勘察结果,成功设计并布设了能够对隧道结构水平位移、裂缝、沉降、结构应力、结构表面应变、振动等信息进行实时监测的光纤传感网络,实现了对隧道结构健康状态的实时监测,然后利用光纤传感网络反过来验证有限元模型可靠性,从而得到更准确的有限元仿真模型。最后,结合两种技术,针对该地铁中三种主要断面建立了二维有限元模型,研究了三种断面在隧道结构有损伤基础和无损伤基础的两种情况下,受到地铁列车振动荷载影响产生的混凝土结构损伤分布规律,从而更好地为地铁安全运营提供技术保障。

碳纤维增强复合布加固混凝土圆柱受压承载力试验与数值模拟

[目的]对不同层数碳纤维增强复合(CFRP)布加固混凝土圆柱进行轴心抗压试验的破坏分析以筛选出最优层数,并在此基础上对混凝土强度及长细比参数作进一步分析.[方法]采用万能试验机对不同层数CFRP布加固混凝土圆柱试件进行轴压试验,同时利用ABAQUS非线性有限元软件进行模拟验证及参数分析.[结果]轴压试验结果的极限承载力及荷载-位移曲线表明,CFRP布加固混凝土圆柱对于提升混凝土的抗压承载力具有明显效果,同时对于C30混凝土而言,两层CFRP布的加固效果最优.有限元模拟结果得出随着混凝土强度的提升,CFRP布的加固效率降低;当长细比大于2∶1时,CFRP布加固混凝土圆柱对于偏心受压时极限承载力的提升较小.[结论]本文通过对不同层数CFRP布加固混凝土圆柱试件进行轴压试验分析,筛选出了最优加固层数.同时提出了相应的有限元模型,其与试验结果吻合良好.基于有限元模型对混凝土强度及试件长细比参数进行充分分析,为CFRP布加固混凝土圆柱在实际工程应用中提供了参考依据.

GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土隧道管片力学性能研究

为研究GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土隧道管片的力学性能,进行了三个不同GFRP筋配筋率的钢-聚丙烯纤维混凝土管片静力受弯试验,获得了试件的破坏形态、承载力及裂缝扩展模式。考虑GFRP筋与混杂纤维混凝土的界面黏结,采用ABAQUS建立了GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土管片的有限元模型,分析了不同混杂纤维掺量和配筋率对管片受弯承载力的影响。研究结果表明:GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土管片的破坏主要是由跨中主裂缝贯穿和GFRP筋材断裂导致;在纤维体积掺量不变的情况下,提高纵向受拉GFRP筋的配筋率,可以有效提高管片的受弯承载力;在数值计算中,考虑GFRP筋与混杂纤维混凝土的界面黏结滑移的有限元模型能更准确地模拟试件的开裂荷载、极限荷载和弯曲刚度;在承载力不变的情况下,增加混杂纤维的体积分数能有效减少管片的配筋率,并且提高管片的抗变形能力;通过回归分析,提出了纤维掺量与配筋率关系的计算式,理论计算结果与数值结果符合较好。

新型FRP-金属组合T型梁桥及扭转刚度简化计算方法的研究

基于应急桥梁的轻量化、高强化和模块化的发展需求,提出了一种模块化纤维增强复合材料(FRP)-金属组合T型梁桥。首先,介绍了该T型梁桥的结构尺寸、空间布置、杆件类型、连接方式以及现场快速架设方法。其次,基于开口、闭口薄壁截面杆扭转理论,推导了该T型梁桥结构扭转刚度简化计算公式。最后,基于通用软件ANSYS开展了有限元分析,利用所推导的简化计算公式进行了结构扭转刚度影响因素分析。结果表明:相较于传统单车道钢结构应急桥梁,该组合T型梁桥达到了明显的减重效果;结构扭转刚度理论计算值与有限元值吻合较好,所建立的理论简化计算模型可便于单片T型梁扭转刚度的预测;单片T型梁的外扭矩主要由各纵向构件和斜腹杆共同抵抗。

基于三节点逆元法与光纤传感器的机翼形态重构方法

基于应变信息的飞机机翼结构形态重构技术,可为“仿生式机翼”的气动外形、气弹特性以及隐身性能控制提供数据支撑。为实现对飞机机翼的变形监测,本文提出一种基于三节点逆有限元法和应变信息采集的形态重构方法,并给出相应的光频域反射型分布式光纤传感器布局形式。首先,建立飞机机翼简化模型,开展基于有限元分析结果的形态重构方法仿真验证。其次,构建基于分布式光纤传感器的机翼简化模型应变监测与形态重构试验系统。研究表明,自然下垂工况下,机翼简化模型形态重构相对误差平均值约为4.01%;弯扭组合工况下,机翼简化模型形态重构相对误差平均值约为6.34%。本文所提方法适用于不同载荷工况下飞机机翼变形监测,能够为可变体机翼形态调控与机载共型天线相位补偿提供帮助。

小间距双柱盖梁墩抗震性能研究

由于地形限制,双柱盖梁墩的间距受到严格的控制。通过SAP2000,对小间距双柱盖梁墩的建模进行空间有限元动力分析,可以得到其在地震荷载作用下的纵横向桥墩和桩基的地震响应。利用UCFyber软件,建立纤维单元模型,对桥墩和桩基截面进行抗弯能力分析(考虑轴力),从而检验小间距双柱盖梁墩在地震荷载作用下的桥墩和桩基的抗震力学性能,对今后相应结构的抗震性能分析具有一定的参考意义。

Simulation Tools for a Fiber-Optic Based Structural Health Monitoring System

Probability of detection(POD)graphics allow for a change from qualitative to quantitative assessment for every damage detection system,and as such it is a main request for conventional non-destructive testing(NDT)techniques.Its availability can greatly help towards the industrialization of the corresponding Structural health monitoring(SHM)system.But having in mind that for SHM systems the sensors are at fixed positions,and the location of a potential damage would change its detectability.Consequently robust simulation tools are required to obtain the model assisted probability of detection(MAPOD)which is needed to validate the SHM system.This tool may also help for the optimization of the sensor distribution,and finally will allow a probabilistic risk management.INDEUS,simulation of ultrasonic waves SHM system,was a main milestone in this direction.This article deals with the simulation tools for a strain based SHM system,using fiber optic sensors(FOS).FOS are essentially strain/temperature sensors,either with multi-point or with distributed sensing.The simulation tool includes the finite element model(FEM)for the original and damaged structure,and algorithms to compare the strain data at the pre-established sensors locations,and from this comparison to extract information about damage occurrence and location.The study has been applied to the structure of an all-composite unmanned aircraft vehicle(UAV)now under construction,designed at Universidad Politecnica de Madrid for the inspection of electrical utilities networks.Distributed sensing optical fibers were internally bonded at the fuselage and wing.Routine inspection is planned to be done with the aircraft at the test bench by imposing known loads.From the acquired strain data,damage occurrence may be calculated as slight deviations from the baselines.This is a fast inspection procedure without requiring trained specialists,and it would allow for detection of hidden damages.Simulation indicates that stringer partial debondings are detected before they become critical,while small delaminations as those produced by barely visible impact damages would require a prohibited number of sensing lines.These simulation tools may easily be applied to any other complex structure,just by changing the FEM models.From these results it is shown how a fiber optic based SHM system may be used as a reliable damage detection procedure.

Mechanical Behavior of a Glass-fiber Reinforced Composite to Steel Joint for Ships

在海洋的结构合成的增强的眼镜纤维的使用正在变得更普通，特别地由于潜在的重量积蓄。在增强的聚合物(GRP ) 上层建筑和钢壳形成了的眼镜纤维之间的关节的机械反应被检验并且随后修改了通过当模特儿并且测试的一个联合程序改进性能。一个有限元素的模型被开发预言关节的反应。模型在在不同材料，进步损坏，大变丑理论，和一种非线性的压力紧张关系之间的接口考虑接触。预言进步失败，分析联合 Hashin 失败标准和最大的压力失败标准。结果表演压力反应在力量上有大影响并且关节适用。Balsawood 钢接口被证明对关节的机械行为批评。在试验性的结果和数字预言之间的好同意被观察。

Evaluation of interfacial properties in SiC composites using an improved cohesive element method

A two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model based on an improved cohesive element method was developed to simulate interfacial debonding, sliding friction, and residual thermal stresses in SiC composites during single-fiber push-out tests to extract the interfacial bond strength and frictional stress. The numerical load–displacement curves agree well with experimental curves,indicating that this cohesive element method can be used for calculating the interfacial properties of SiC composites.The simulation results show that cracks are most likely to occur at the ends of the experimental sample, where the maximum shear stress is observed and that the interfacial shear strength and constant sliding friction stress decrease with an increase in temperature. Moreover, the load required to cause complete interfacial failure increases with the increase in critical shear strength, and the composite materials with higher fiber volume fractions have higher bearing capacities. In addition, the initial failure load increases with an increase in interphase thickness.