GhDET2,a Steroid 5alpha-reductase,Plays an Important Role in Cotton Fiber Cell Initiation and Elongation

Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers,one of the most important natural raw materials for the textile industry,are highly elongated trichomes from epidermal cells of cotton ovules.Among the longest plant cells ever characterized,cotton fiber is an ideal system for studying plant cell elongation.

Transcriptome Profiling and Analysis during Cotton Fiber Cell Development

In this project,we aim to elucidate the molecular mechanism controlling initiation and elongation of tetraploid Gossypium hirsutum fiber cells by setting up a high throughput custom-designed

Biochemical Pathways That Are Important for Cotton Fiber Cell Elongation

The regulatory mechanism that controls the sustained cotton fiber cell elongation is gradually being elucidated by coupling genome-wide transcriptome profiling with systematic biochemical and physiological studies.Very long chain fatty acids(VLCFA),H2O2,and several types of plant

Proteomics Study of Cotton Fiber Cells

A comparative proteomic analysis was applied to explore the mechanism of fiber cell development in cotton.Initially,an efficient protein preparation method was established for proteomic analysis

Evaluation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, macula and ganglion cell thickness in amblyopia using spectral optical coherence tomography

AIM:To investigate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macula and ganglion cell layer thicknesses (GCC) in amblyopic eyes with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS:Thirty six patients with a history of unilateral amblyopia and thirty two children who had emmetropia without amblyopia were included in this study. In this institutional study, 36 eyes of 36 patients with amblyopia (AE), 36 fellow eyes without amblyopia (FE), and 32 eyes of 32 normal subjects (NE) were included. RNFL, GCC and macular thickness measurements were performed with RS-3000 OCT Retina Scan (Nidek Inc CA. USA). RESULTS:The mean global thicknesses of the RNFL were 113.22 ±21.47, 111.57 ±18.25, 109.96 ±11.31μm in the AE, FE, and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for mean global RNFL thickness among the eyes (P =0.13). The mean thicknesses of the macula were 258.25±18.31, 258.75±19.54, 248.62±10.57μm in the AE, FE and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for thickness of macula among the eyes (P =0.06). The GCC was investigated into two parts:superior and inferior. The mean thicknesses of superior GCC were 102.57 ±13.32, 103.32 ±10.64, 100.52 ± 5.88μm in the AE, FE, and NE, respectively. The mean thicknesses of inferior GCC were 103.82 ±12.60, 107.82 ± 12.33, 105.86±10.79μm in the AE, FE and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for thickness of superior and inferior GCC between the eyes (P =0.63, P =0.46). ·CONCLUSION:The macular thicknesses of AE and FE were greater than the NE, although it was not statistically significant. Amblyopia does not seem to have a profound effect on the RNFL, macula and GCC.

Identification and characterization of plasma membrane aquaporins isolated from fiber cells of Calotropis procera

Calotropis procera, commonly known as "milkweed", possesses long seed trichomes for seed dispersal and has the ability to survive under harsh conditions such as drought and salinity. Aquaporins are water channel proteins expressed in all land plants, divided into five subfamilies plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), NOD26-like proteins (NIPs), small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and the unfamiliar X intrinsic proteins (XIPs). PIPs constitute the largest group of water channel proteins that are involved in different developmental and regulatory mechanisms including water permeability, cell elongation, and stomata opening. Aquaporins are also involved in abiotic stress tolerance and cell expansion mechanisms, but their role in seed trichomes (fiber cells) has never been investigated. A large number of clones isolated from C. procera fiber cDNA library showed sequence homology to PIPs. Both expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies revealed that the transcript abundance of this gene family in fiber cells of C. procera is greater than that of cotton. Full-length cDNAs of CpPIP1 and CpPIP2 were isolated from C. procera fiber cDNA library and used for constructing plant expression vectors under constitutive (2×35S) and trichome-specific (GhLTP3) promoters. Transgenic tobacco plants were developed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The phenotypic characteristics of the plants were observed after confirming the integration of transgene in plants. It was observed that CpPIP2 expression cassette under 2×35S and GhLTP3 promoter enhanced the numbers of stem and leave trichomes. However, 2×35S::CpPIP2 has a more amplified effect on trichome density and length than GhLTP3::CpPIP2 and other PIP constructs. These findings imply the role of C. procera PIP aquaporins in fiber cell elongation. The PIPs-derived cell expansion mechanism may be exploited through transgenic approaches for improvement of fiber staple length in cotton and boosting of defense against sucking insects by enhancing plant pubescence.

Structural impairment patterns in peripapillary retinal fiber layer and retinal ganglion cell layer in mitochondrial optic neuropathies

AIM：To evaluate the structural injure patterns in peripapillary retinal fiber layer （pRNFL）, retinal ganglion cell layer （RGCL） and their correlations to visual function in various mitochondrial optic neuropathies （MON） to offer help to their differential diagnosis.METHODS：Totally 32 MON patients （60 eyes） were recruited within 6mo after clinical onsets, including 20 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy （LHON） patients （37eyes）, 12 ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy （EON）patients （23 eyes）, and 41 age-gender matched healthy controls （HC, 82 eyes）. All subjects had pRNFL and RGCL examinations with optic coherence tomography （OCT） and visual function tests.RESULTS：In the early stages of MON, the temporal pRNFL thickness decreased （66.09±22.57μm）, but increased in other quadrants, compared to HC （76.95±14.81μm）. The other quadrants remaining stable for LHON and EON patients besides the second hour sector of pRNFL thickness reduced and the temporal pRNFL decreased （56.78±15.87μm） for EON. Total macular thickness in MON reduced remarkably（279.25±18.90μm; P=0.015）, which mainly occurring in the inner circle （3 mm diameter of circle） and the nasal temporal sectors in the outer circle （5.5 mm diameter of circle）, in contrast to those in HC. RGCL thickness reduced in each sector of the macula （61.90±8.73μm; P≤0.001）. It strongly showed the correlationship of best corrected visual acuity （R=0.50, P=0.0003） and visual field injury （R=0.54,P=0.0002） in MON patients.CONCLUSION：OCT is a potential tool for detecting structural alterations in the optic nerves of various MON. Different types of MON may have different damage patterns.

Effects of environmental factors on corrosion behaviors of metal-fiber porous components in a simulated direct methanol fuel cell environment

Abstract： To enable the use of metallic components in direct methanol fuel cells （DMFCs）, issues related to corrosion resistance must be considered because of an acid environment induced by the solid electrolyte. In this study, we report the electrochemical behaviors of metal-fiber-based porous sintered components in a simulated corrosive environment of DMFCs. Three materials were evaluated： pure copper, AISI304, and AISI316L. The environmental factors and related mechanisms affecting the corrosion behaviors were analyzed. The results demonstrated that AISI316L exhibits the best performance. A higher SO4^2- concentration increases the risk of material corrosion, whereas an increase in methanol concentration inhibits corrosion. The morphological features of the corroded samples were also characterized in this study.

Evaluating Kinetic Composing of Cell Wall for Low-Fiber Mutation Rice

The work compared the differences of low fiber mutation rice (LF, Nendao) that selectedthrough gamma-ray (γ) with parental variety Shuangkezao (CK) on their biologicaldevelopment and cell wall composing after rice heading stage. Comparing with parentalrice, LF rice revealed an advantage on its vegetative growing by increasing the yieldsof leave blade, leave sheath and stem for 27.77, 30.19 and 37.96% respectively. And thecellulose content of LF rice straw was decreased remarkably for 23.9%, the hemicellulose,lignin and biogenic silicon contents were increased contrarily for 11.94, 8.79 and 5.60%respectively. Moreover, the crude protein content was increased by 20.71% for LF rice andwith an improvement on its solubility for 63.49% concomitantly. The results indicatedthat the low-fiber mutation rice exhibited its potential as a fodder-rice variety or asdual-purpose rice to improve fiber degradability of straw.

Retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform and nerve fiber layers in neuromyelitis optica

AIM： To determine the thickness of the retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer（GCIPL） and the retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL） in patients with neuromyelitis optica（NMO）.METHODS： We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 30 NMO patients with a total of 60 eyes. Based on the presence or absence of optic neuritis（ON）, subjects were divided into either the NMO-ON group（30 eyes） or the NMO-ON contra group（10 eyes）. A detailed ophthalmologic examination was performed for each group; subsequently, the GCIPL and the RNFL were measured using highdefinition optical coherence tomography（OCT）. RESULTS： In the NMO-ON group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 69.28±21.12 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 66.02±10.02 μm, and the RNFL thickness were 109.33±11.23, 110.47±3.10, 64.92±12.71 and 71.21±50.22 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. In the NMO-ON contra group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 85.12±17.09 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 25.39±25.1 μm, and the RNFL thicknesses were 148.33±23.22, 126.36±23.45, 82.21±22.30 and 83.36±31.28 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. In the control group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 86.98±22.37 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 85.28±10.75 μm, and the RNFL thicknesses were 150.22±22.73, 154.79±60.23, 82.33±7.01 and 85.62±13.81 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. The GCIPL and RNFL were thinner in the NMO-ON contra group than in the control group（P〈0.05）; additionally, the RNFL was thinner in the inferior quadrant in the NMO-ON group than in the control group（P〈0.05）. Significant correlations were observed between the GCIPL and RNFL thickness measurements as well as between thickness measurements and the two visual field parameters of mean deviation（MD） and corrected pattern standard deviation（PSD） in the NMO-ON group（P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： The thickness of the GCIPL and RNFL, as measured using OCT, may indicate optic nerve damage in patients with NMO.

Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in children with obesity

AIM：To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）thickness analysis of peripapillary optic nerve head（PONH） and macula as well as ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer（GCIPL） thickness in obese children.· METHODS：Eighty-five children with obesity and 30 controls were included in the study.The thicknesses of the PONH and macula of each subject＇s right eye were measured by high-resolution spectral-domain optic coherence tomography（OCT）.· RESULTS：The RNFL thicknesses of central macular and PONH were similar between the groups（all P 〉0.05）.The GCIPL thickness was also similar between the groups.However,the RNFL thickness of temporal outer macula were 261.7±13.7 and 268.9±14.3 μm for the obesity and the control group,respectively（P =0.034）.· CONCLUSION：Obesity may cause a reduction in temporal outer macular RNFL thickness.

高性能碳纤维纸研究

研究了用于燃料电池气体扩散层的高性能碳纤维纸,把针叶木浆纤维和碳纤维进行复合制备;对工序及其参数,如碳纤维的表面预处理和分散、针叶木浆打浆工艺、碳纤维配比、不同定量等开展了综合研究,分析了工艺参数对碳纤维纸物性指标和纤维形态的影响。结果表明,对碳纤维表面进行去胶处理时,使用乙醇加热回流萃取的方法效果较佳;针叶木浆较佳的打浆工艺为:疏解10min+2.1kg压力打浆10min+3.1kg压力打浆10min(打浆度24°SR);普通碳纤维导电纸较佳的碳纤维配比为15%,高性能碳纤维纸较佳的碳纤维配比为40%,所制备的高性能碳纤维纸电阻率低、强度较好、透气度较高。

榔榆木质部细胞构造特征的季节变化规律研究

为了探究榔榆木质部形成中细胞形态与壁层组分变化规律,以1个生长季内木质部细胞产生过程为主线,联合解剖学技术与光谱学技术,初步研究了木质部细胞形态、细胞尺寸及细胞壁主要化学组成的变化规律。结果表明4月出现2排早材管孔,以单管孔为主,5月开始大量产生木纤维细胞,纤维细胞壁厚,直至9月形成宽约2 mm的木质部;导管与木纤维细胞从4—6月处于伸长阶段,大小随后略有降低;2类细胞的直径则呈不同的季节变化规律;导管细胞壁纤维素和半纤维素的沉积过程在季节内稳定;而木纤维细胞中纤维素和半纤维素的沉积具有季节差异,生长季早期相对含量较低,晚期相对含量明显增加,说明2类细胞间主要组分沉积存在不同步性。

肥大细胞与腧穴

皮肤活检发现肥大细胞密集是经脉腧穴和微针系统针刺靶点的共同特点。肥大细胞与神经纤维、微血管在组织分布毗邻。外界机械或温度等物理刺激可激活肥大细胞,释放多种细胞因子和化学因子,形成局部炎症性内环境,导致周围C神经等结构敏化。敏化的C神经释放P物质(SP)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)。SP激活肥大细胞,CGRP促进局部微血管扩张而渗透性增加,血浆外渗,白细胞浸润,促进周围组织敏化。肥大细胞激活与C神经纤维敏化之间的反复循环持久存在会导致中枢敏化。周围与中枢敏化表现为腧穴区域敏化,包括对温度的敏化和对压痛的敏化,成为针刺和艾灸靶组织的重要特征。

VD3调控ROS介导的TXNIP/NLRP3通路抑制高糖诱导肾系膜细胞纤维化的机制研究

目的:探究活性维生素D3(VD3)对高糖诱导下肾系膜细胞纤维化特征的影响,并探讨相关作用机制。方法:培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞系HBZY-1,将其分为正常葡萄糖培养(NG)组、正常葡萄糖联合VD3培养(NG+VD3)组、高葡萄糖培养(HG)组、高葡萄糖联合VD3培养(HG+VD3)组、高葡萄糖联合N-乙酰半胱氨酸培养(HG+NAC)组。CCK-8法检测各组细胞的增殖活性,流式细胞术检测各组细胞的凋亡率,DCFH-DA法检测各组细胞中活性氧(ROS)含量,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测各组细胞上清液中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-18、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,实时荧光定量聚合酶反应(RT-qPCR)检测各组细胞中纤维化标志物转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)、细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)及硫氧还蛋白互作蛋白(TXNIP)、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)的mRNA表达,蛋白质免疫印记(Western blot)检测各组细胞中TGF-β1、FN、ICAM-1及TXNIP、NLRP3的蛋白表达。结果:与NG组比较,HG组增殖活性显著升高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率显著减少(P<0.05),ROS含量显著上升(P<0.05),细胞上清液中IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α水平显著升高(P<0.05),细胞中TGF-β1、FN、ICAM-1、TXNIP、NLRP3的mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平显著上调(P<0.05);与HG组比较,HG+VD3组和HG+NAC组增殖活性显著降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率显著增加(P<0.05),ROS含量显著下降(P<0.05),细胞上清液中IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α水平显著降低(P<0.05),同时,细胞中TGF-β1、FN、ICAM-1及TXNIP、NLRP3的mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平显著下调(P<0.05)。结论:VD3能够减轻高糖诱导的肾系膜细胞过度增殖及纤维化,该机制可能与调控ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3通路有关。

基于中空纤维的灌流培养细胞截留技术的研究

近年来由于生物制药行业对于蛋白产品需求的日益增加,连续型细胞培养工艺的灌流培养模式越来越受到重视.为了维持生物反应器中较高的细胞数量和生产力,收获纯度较高的蛋白产品,需要一种良好的分离装置来保留生物反应器中的细胞.本文在比较不同类型的细胞截留技术的基础上,总结了中空纤维过滤技术操作条件温和、通量大、过滤精度高且应用广泛的优势.为了缓解中空纤维过滤过程中存在的膜污染问题,延长膜组件寿命,本文还分析了灌流培养常用的中空纤维膜材质、孔径大小、组件内径、长度及填充密度等设计因素,讨论了不同的切向流过滤操作参数对膜组件的影响,以期为灌流培养工艺领域中细胞分离用中空纤维膜组件的设计与优化提供理论依据.

聚合物纤维载体对L929细胞的增殖及毒性研究

研究了进口聚合物纤维载体(1#)与国产聚合物纤维载体(2#和3#)对L929细胞增殖与毒性的影响。用CCK-8法在不同浸提液含量、不同培养时间下检测L929细胞在聚合物纤维载体中的相对增殖率。按通用标准评价材料的细胞毒性,并对载体表面和内部的细胞黏附性进行表征。结果表明:浸提液质量分数在6.25%~100.00%时,1#组、2#组、3#组均没有潜在细胞毒性,1#组、2#组、3#组的细胞毒性级别分别为“1”“0”和“1”级。体外细胞培养试验表明:在24 h的培养时间内,2#组、3#组的细胞增殖率和1#组基本接近;48~72 h的培养时间内,2#组、3#组的细胞增殖率略低于1#组。细胞黏附试验表明:2#组、3#组的细胞增殖率高于1#组,且细胞倾向于在纤维载体的内部生长。国产聚合物纤维载体的生物相容性、细胞毒性以及细胞黏附性均达到理想效果,其中3#组聚合物纤维载体的细胞增殖和细胞黏附效果最理想。

Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Wood Fibers of Shrubs and Tree Species of the Tamaulipan Thorn Scrub, Northeastern Mexico and Its Possible Relation to Wood Quality and Utilization

The present study was undertaken to determine the variability in fiber cell morphology and its length among wood species of the Tamaulipan Thorn Scrub, Northeastern Mexico, used for various uses such as timber for furniture, fence, post, firewood and sources of forage. The results reveal large variability in fiber cell morphology and fiber cell dimensions. The species are classified on the basis of its fiber cell morphology and fiber cell length and recommended for their possible utilization for different purposes. Wood having fibre cells with broad lumen and thin wall could be suitable for the manufacture of paper documented in the literature viz. Acacia farnesciana, Caesalpinia mexicana, Cordia boisiieri, Diospyros palmeri, Forestieria angustifolia, Morus celtifolia, Prosopis laevigata. This technique can be used in preliminary screening of woody species for its utilization for different purposes. Further studies are needed to confirm.

混凝土结构钢筋锈蚀无损检测方法研究进展

钢筋混凝土结构性能优良并且成本低廉,广泛应用于基础设施建设和工业民用建筑中。在外部荷载和环境侵蚀等因素的作用下,结构中的钢筋不可避免地出现锈蚀情况,降低了结构的安全性和耐久性,导致高昂的维修费用。对混凝土结构钢筋锈蚀情况进行定期检测,对于确定锈蚀出现后结构的承载力、预测结构剩余寿命等有直接意义。经过多年发展,融合了多学科理论,钢筋锈蚀无损检测技术已经应用在一些实际工程上。但是现代工程建设对锈蚀检测技术提出了更高的要求,尤其是在大数据和机器学习等新一代信息技术的推动下,钢筋检测方法面临着向数字化、自动化和智能化的产业变革和技术升级。为了推动钢筋混凝土结构检测技术和评价体系的进步,本文对钢筋锈蚀无损检测的主要方法进行了总结评述,重点探讨新兴智能感知技术在钢筋锈蚀检测方面的应用和研究成果,提出现有技术面临的挑战,展望其未来发展方向。

供电461 W激光无线传能系统研制

为了满足特定场景下激光无线传能的大功率应用需求,提升系统接收效率,研制了一套方形均匀光斑照明、高接收占空比的大功率激光无线传能系统。发射端采用两台高功率808 nm半导体激光器,实现1700 W激光输出并耦合进入方芯光纤,利用方芯光纤对激光进行匀化,在其输出端面形成均匀光斑,设计了投影光学系统将方芯光纤出射端面放大并照射在形状匹配的420 mm×420 mm光电池板上;接收端将1020片GaAs光电池分别与聚焦透镜集成封装以提升光敏面占空比。经试验测试,当入射激光功率1700 W时,电子负载端接收电功率461 W,接收端整体光电转换效率27.1%。结果表明:该激光无线传能系统为特定环境下大功率负载无线供电提供了解决方案。