GhDET2,a Steroid 5alpha-reductase,Plays an Important Role in Cotton Fiber Cell Initiation and Elongation

Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers,one of the most important natural raw materials for the textile industry,are highly elongated trichomes from epidermal cells of cotton ovules.Among the longest plant cells ever characterized,cotton fiber is an ideal system for studying plant cell elongation.

Transcriptome Profiling and Analysis during Cotton Fiber Cell Development

In this project,we aim to elucidate the molecular mechanism controlling initiation and elongation of tetraploid Gossypium hirsutum fiber cells by setting up a high throughput custom-designed

Biochemical Pathways That Are Important for Cotton Fiber Cell Elongation

The regulatory mechanism that controls the sustained cotton fiber cell elongation is gradually being elucidated by coupling genome-wide transcriptome profiling with systematic biochemical and physiological studies.Very long chain fatty acids(VLCFA),H2O2,and several types of plant

Proteomics Study of Cotton Fiber Cells

A comparative proteomic analysis was applied to explore the mechanism of fiber cell development in cotton.Initially,an efficient protein preparation method was established for proteomic analysis

Evaluation of diffusion in gel entrapment cell culture within hollow fibers

AIM: To investigate diffusion in mammalian cell culture by gel entrapment within hollow fibers.METHODS: Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes or human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cells were entrapped in type Ⅰ collagen solutions and statically cultured inside microporous and ultrafiltration hollow fibers. During the culture time collagen gel contraction, cell viability and specific function were assessed. Effective diffusion coefficients of glucose in cell-matrix gels were determined by lag time analysis in a diffusion cell.R ESULTS: Significant gel contractions occurred in the collagen gels by entrapment of either viable hepatocytes or KB cells. And the gel contraction caused a significant reduction on effective diffusion coefficient of glucose. The cell viability assay of both hepatocytes and KB cells statically cultured in hollow fibers by collagen entrapment further confirmed the existence of the inhibited mass transfer by diffusion. Urea was secreted about 50% more by hepatocytes entrapped in hollow fibers with pore size of 0.1 pm than that in hollow fibers with MWCO of 100 ku.CONCLUSION: Cell-matrix gel and membrane pore size are the two factors relevant to the limited mass transfer by diffusion in such gel entrapment of mammalian cell culture.

Evaluation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, macula and ganglion cell thickness in amblyopia using spectral optical coherence tomography

AIM:To investigate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macula and ganglion cell layer thicknesses (GCC) in amblyopic eyes with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS:Thirty six patients with a history of unilateral amblyopia and thirty two children who had emmetropia without amblyopia were included in this study. In this institutional study, 36 eyes of 36 patients with amblyopia (AE), 36 fellow eyes without amblyopia (FE), and 32 eyes of 32 normal subjects (NE) were included. RNFL, GCC and macular thickness measurements were performed with RS-3000 OCT Retina Scan (Nidek Inc CA. USA). RESULTS:The mean global thicknesses of the RNFL were 113.22 ±21.47, 111.57 ±18.25, 109.96 ±11.31μm in the AE, FE, and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for mean global RNFL thickness among the eyes (P =0.13). The mean thicknesses of the macula were 258.25±18.31, 258.75±19.54, 248.62±10.57μm in the AE, FE and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for thickness of macula among the eyes (P =0.06). The GCC was investigated into two parts:superior and inferior. The mean thicknesses of superior GCC were 102.57 ±13.32, 103.32 ±10.64, 100.52 ± 5.88μm in the AE, FE, and NE, respectively. The mean thicknesses of inferior GCC were 103.82 ±12.60, 107.82 ± 12.33, 105.86±10.79μm in the AE, FE and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for thickness of superior and inferior GCC between the eyes (P =0.63, P =0.46). ·CONCLUSION:The macular thicknesses of AE and FE were greater than the NE, although it was not statistically significant. Amblyopia does not seem to have a profound effect on the RNFL, macula and GCC.

Gene expression and metabolite profiles of cotton fiber during cell elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis

棉花纤维在延伸的开始以后很快伸长，最后导致大量纤维素的存款。为了在快延伸和第二等的细胞壁合成揭示棉花纤维房间的特征，上演，我们比较了 respectivetranscriptomes 和代谢物侧面。由 cDNA 数组的 transcriptomes 的比较分析识别了是在纤维开发期间调整的差别的 633 基因。用变量把纤维样品划分了成四的表示基因的 Principalcomponent 分析(PCA ) 组织，它发育阶段是诊断的。如果，类似的组织结果也被发现我们是的 usenon 极或极的代谢物为开发纤维的 PCA 的变量。植物生长素发信号，松开墙并且脂类代谢在纤维延伸期间是高度活跃的，而纤维素生合成是占优势的，许多另外的新陈代谢的小径是在第二等的细胞壁合成调整的 down，上演。抄本和代谢物侧面和酶活动在向纤维素合成表明棉花纤维开发的一个专门化过程是一致的。这些数据证明在某个阶段的那个棉花纤维房间有它棉花纤维房间的自己的唯一的特征，和发育阶段能被他们的抄本和代谢物侧面区分。在第二等的细胞壁合成阶段期间，新陈代谢的小径被流进纤维素合成。

Identification and characterization of plasma membrane aquaporins isolated from fiber cells of Calotropis procera

Calotropis procera, commonly known as "milkweed", possesses long seed trichomes for seed dispersal and has the ability to survive under harsh conditions such as drought and salinity. Aquaporins are water channel proteins expressed in all land plants, divided into five subfamilies plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), NOD26-like proteins (NIPs), small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and the unfamiliar X intrinsic proteins (XIPs). PIPs constitute the largest group of water channel proteins that are involved in different developmental and regulatory mechanisms including water permeability, cell elongation, and stomata opening. Aquaporins are also involved in abiotic stress tolerance and cell expansion mechanisms, but their role in seed trichomes (fiber cells) has never been investigated. A large number of clones isolated from C. procera fiber cDNA library showed sequence homology to PIPs. Both expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies revealed that the transcript abundance of this gene family in fiber cells of C. procera is greater than that of cotton. Full-length cDNAs of CpPIP1 and CpPIP2 were isolated from C. procera fiber cDNA library and used for constructing plant expression vectors under constitutive (2×35S) and trichome-specific (GhLTP3) promoters. Transgenic tobacco plants were developed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The phenotypic characteristics of the plants were observed after confirming the integration of transgene in plants. It was observed that CpPIP2 expression cassette under 2×35S and GhLTP3 promoter enhanced the numbers of stem and leave trichomes. However, 2×35S::CpPIP2 has a more amplified effect on trichome density and length than GhLTP3::CpPIP2 and other PIP constructs. These findings imply the role of C. procera PIP aquaporins in fiber cell elongation. The PIPs-derived cell expansion mechanism may be exploited through transgenic approaches for improvement of fiber staple length in cotton and boosting of defense against sucking insects by enhancing plant pubescence.

Structural impairment patterns in peripapillary retinal fiber layer and retinal ganglion cell layer in mitochondrial optic neuropathies

AIM：To evaluate the structural injure patterns in peripapillary retinal fiber layer （pRNFL）, retinal ganglion cell layer （RGCL） and their correlations to visual function in various mitochondrial optic neuropathies （MON） to offer help to their differential diagnosis.METHODS：Totally 32 MON patients （60 eyes） were recruited within 6mo after clinical onsets, including 20 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy （LHON） patients （37eyes）, 12 ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy （EON）patients （23 eyes）, and 41 age-gender matched healthy controls （HC, 82 eyes）. All subjects had pRNFL and RGCL examinations with optic coherence tomography （OCT） and visual function tests.RESULTS：In the early stages of MON, the temporal pRNFL thickness decreased （66.09±22.57μm）, but increased in other quadrants, compared to HC （76.95±14.81μm）. The other quadrants remaining stable for LHON and EON patients besides the second hour sector of pRNFL thickness reduced and the temporal pRNFL decreased （56.78±15.87μm） for EON. Total macular thickness in MON reduced remarkably（279.25±18.90μm; P=0.015）, which mainly occurring in the inner circle （3 mm diameter of circle） and the nasal temporal sectors in the outer circle （5.5 mm diameter of circle）, in contrast to those in HC. RGCL thickness reduced in each sector of the macula （61.90±8.73μm; P≤0.001）. It strongly showed the correlationship of best corrected visual acuity （R=0.50, P=0.0003） and visual field injury （R=0.54,P=0.0002） in MON patients.CONCLUSION：OCT is a potential tool for detecting structural alterations in the optic nerves of various MON. Different types of MON may have different damage patterns.

Effects of environmental factors on corrosion behaviors of metal-fiber porous components in a simulated direct methanol fuel cell environment

Abstract： To enable the use of metallic components in direct methanol fuel cells （DMFCs）, issues related to corrosion resistance must be considered because of an acid environment induced by the solid electrolyte. In this study, we report the electrochemical behaviors of metal-fiber-based porous sintered components in a simulated corrosive environment of DMFCs. Three materials were evaluated： pure copper, AISI304, and AISI316L. The environmental factors and related mechanisms affecting the corrosion behaviors were analyzed. The results demonstrated that AISI316L exhibits the best performance. A higher SO4^2- concentration increases the risk of material corrosion, whereas an increase in methanol concentration inhibits corrosion. The morphological features of the corroded samples were also characterized in this study.

Improved properties of carbon fiber paper as electrode for fuel cell by coating pyrocarbon via CVD method

The fabrication of a pyrocarbon coated carbon paper and its application to the gas diffusion lay(GDL) of proton exchange membrane(PEM) fuel cell were described.This carbon paper was fabricated by using conventional carbon paper as the precursor,and coating it with pyrocarbon by pyrolyzing propylene via the chemical vapor deposition(CVD) method.For comparison,conventional carbon paper composites were also prepared by using PAN-based carbon fiber felt as the precursor followed by impregnation with resin,molding and heat-treatment.SEM characterization indicates that pyrocarbon is uniformly deposited on the surface of the fiber in the pyrocarbon coated carbon paper and made the fibers of carbon felt bind more tightly.In contrast,there are cracks in matrix and debonding of fibers due to carbonization shrinkage in the conventional carbon paper.Property measurements show that the former has much better conductivity and gas permeability than the latter.In addition,current density-voltage performance tests also reveal that the pyrocarbon coating can improve the properties of carbon paper used for electrode materials of fuel cell.

Retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform and nerve fiber layers in neuromyelitis optica

AIM： To determine the thickness of the retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer（GCIPL） and the retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL） in patients with neuromyelitis optica（NMO）.METHODS： We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 30 NMO patients with a total of 60 eyes. Based on the presence or absence of optic neuritis（ON）, subjects were divided into either the NMO-ON group（30 eyes） or the NMO-ON contra group（10 eyes）. A detailed ophthalmologic examination was performed for each group; subsequently, the GCIPL and the RNFL were measured using highdefinition optical coherence tomography（OCT）. RESULTS： In the NMO-ON group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 69.28±21.12 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 66.02±10.02 μm, and the RNFL thickness were 109.33±11.23, 110.47±3.10, 64.92±12.71 and 71.21±50.22 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. In the NMO-ON contra group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 85.12±17.09 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 25.39±25.1 μm, and the RNFL thicknesses were 148.33±23.22, 126.36±23.45, 82.21±22.30 and 83.36±31.28 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. In the control group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 86.98±22.37 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 85.28±10.75 μm, and the RNFL thicknesses were 150.22±22.73, 154.79±60.23, 82.33±7.01 and 85.62±13.81 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. The GCIPL and RNFL were thinner in the NMO-ON contra group than in the control group（P〈0.05）; additionally, the RNFL was thinner in the inferior quadrant in the NMO-ON group than in the control group（P〈0.05）. Significant correlations were observed between the GCIPL and RNFL thickness measurements as well as between thickness measurements and the two visual field parameters of mean deviation（MD） and corrected pattern standard deviation（PSD） in the NMO-ON group（P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： The thickness of the GCIPL and RNFL, as measured using OCT, may indicate optic nerve damage in patients with NMO.

Production of D-p-Hydroxyphenylglycine from DL-5-p-Hydroxyphenyl Hydantoin by Immobilized Pseudomonas Putida Cells in a Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactor

1 INTRODUCTIOND-p-Hydroxyphenylglycine(D-pHPG) is one of the valuable intermediates in the production ofsemisynthetic β-lactam antibiotics.It can be used for the production of semisynthetic penicillinand cephalosporin.With the increasing demand for semisynthetic antibiotics,the productionof D-pHPG from DL-5-P-hydroxyphenyl hydantoin(DL-pHPH)has received more and more at-tention.Compared with the chemo-enzymatic route developed by Yamada et al.,the

Evaluating Kinetic Composing of Cell Wall for Low-Fiber Mutation Rice

The work compared the differences of low fiber mutation rice (LF, Nendao) that selectedthrough gamma-ray (γ) with parental variety Shuangkezao (CK) on their biologicaldevelopment and cell wall composing after rice heading stage. Comparing with parentalrice, LF rice revealed an advantage on its vegetative growing by increasing the yieldsof leave blade, leave sheath and stem for 27.77, 30.19 and 37.96% respectively. And thecellulose content of LF rice straw was decreased remarkably for 23.9%, the hemicellulose,lignin and biogenic silicon contents were increased contrarily for 11.94, 8.79 and 5.60%respectively. Moreover, the crude protein content was increased by 20.71% for LF rice andwith an improvement on its solubility for 63.49% concomitantly. The results indicatedthat the low-fiber mutation rice exhibited its potential as a fodder-rice variety or asdual-purpose rice to improve fiber degradability of straw.

Comparative Study of Two Carbon Fiber Cathodes and Theoretical Analysis in Microbial Fuel Cells on Ocean Floor

Cathode activity plays an important role in the improvement of the microbial fuel cells on ocean floor(BMFCs). A comparison study between Rayon-based(CF-R) and PAN-based carbon fiber(CF-P) cathodes is conducted in the paper. The two carbon fibers were heat treated to improve cell performance(CF-R-H & CF-P-H), and were used to build a new BMFCs structure with a foamy carbon anode. The maximum power density was 112.42 mW m-for CF-R-H, followed by 66.6 mW m-2 for CF-R, 49.7 mW m-2 for CF-P-H and 21.6 mW m-2 for CF-P respectively. The higher specific area and deep groove make CF-R have a better power output than with CF-P. Meanwhile, heat treatment of carbon fiber can improve cell power, nearly two-fold higher than heat treatment of plain fiber. This improvement may be due to the quinones group formation to accelerate the reduction of oxygen and electron transfer on the fiber surface in the three phase boundary after heat treatment. Compared to PAN-based carbon fiber, Rayon-based carbon fiber would be preferentially selected as cathode in novel BMFCs design due to its high surface area, low cost and higher power. The comparison research is significant for cathode material selection and cell design.

Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in children with obesity

AIM：To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）thickness analysis of peripapillary optic nerve head（PONH） and macula as well as ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer（GCIPL） thickness in obese children.· METHODS：Eighty-five children with obesity and 30 controls were included in the study.The thicknesses of the PONH and macula of each subject＇s right eye were measured by high-resolution spectral-domain optic coherence tomography（OCT）.· RESULTS：The RNFL thicknesses of central macular and PONH were similar between the groups（all P 〉0.05）.The GCIPL thickness was also similar between the groups.However,the RNFL thickness of temporal outer macula were 261.7±13.7 and 268.9±14.3 μm for the obesity and the control group,respectively（P =0.034）.· CONCLUSION：Obesity may cause a reduction in temporal outer macular RNFL thickness.

榔榆木质部细胞构造特征的季节变化规律研究

为了探究榔榆木质部形成中细胞形态与壁层组分变化规律,以1个生长季内木质部细胞产生过程为主线,联合解剖学技术与光谱学技术,初步研究了木质部细胞形态、细胞尺寸及细胞壁主要化学组成的变化规律。结果表明4月出现2排早材管孔,以单管孔为主,5月开始大量产生木纤维细胞,纤维细胞壁厚,直至9月形成宽约2 mm的木质部;导管与木纤维细胞从4—6月处于伸长阶段,大小随后略有降低;2类细胞的直径则呈不同的季节变化规律;导管细胞壁纤维素和半纤维素的沉积过程在季节内稳定;而木纤维细胞中纤维素和半纤维素的沉积具有季节差异,生长季早期相对含量较低,晚期相对含量明显增加,说明2类细胞间主要组分沉积存在不同步性。

VD3调控ROS介导的TXNIP/NLRP3通路抑制高糖诱导肾系膜细胞纤维化的机制研究

目的:探究活性维生素D3(VD3)对高糖诱导下肾系膜细胞纤维化特征的影响,并探讨相关作用机制。方法:培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞系HBZY-1,将其分为正常葡萄糖培养(NG)组、正常葡萄糖联合VD3培养(NG+VD3)组、高葡萄糖培养(HG)组、高葡萄糖联合VD3培养(HG+VD3)组、高葡萄糖联合N-乙酰半胱氨酸培养(HG+NAC)组。CCK-8法检测各组细胞的增殖活性,流式细胞术检测各组细胞的凋亡率,DCFH-DA法检测各组细胞中活性氧(ROS)含量,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测各组细胞上清液中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-18、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,实时荧光定量聚合酶反应(RT-qPCR)检测各组细胞中纤维化标志物转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)、细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)及硫氧还蛋白互作蛋白(TXNIP)、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)的mRNA表达,蛋白质免疫印记(Western blot)检测各组细胞中TGF-β1、FN、ICAM-1及TXNIP、NLRP3的蛋白表达。结果:与NG组比较,HG组增殖活性显著升高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率显著减少(P<0.05),ROS含量显著上升(P<0.05),细胞上清液中IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α水平显著升高(P<0.05),细胞中TGF-β1、FN、ICAM-1、TXNIP、NLRP3的mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平显著上调(P<0.05);与HG组比较,HG+VD3组和HG+NAC组增殖活性显著降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率显著增加(P<0.05),ROS含量显著下降(P<0.05),细胞上清液中IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α水平显著降低(P<0.05),同时,细胞中TGF-β1、FN、ICAM-1及TXNIP、NLRP3的mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平显著下调(P<0.05)。结论:VD3能够减轻高糖诱导的肾系膜细胞过度增殖及纤维化,该机制可能与调控ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3通路有关。

肥大细胞与腧穴

皮肤活检发现肥大细胞密集是经脉腧穴和微针系统针刺靶点的共同特点。肥大细胞与神经纤维、微血管在组织分布毗邻。外界机械或温度等物理刺激可激活肥大细胞,释放多种细胞因子和化学因子,形成局部炎症性内环境,导致周围C神经等结构敏化。敏化的C神经释放P物质(SP)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)。SP激活肥大细胞,CGRP促进局部微血管扩张而渗透性增加,血浆外渗,白细胞浸润,促进周围组织敏化。肥大细胞激活与C神经纤维敏化之间的反复循环持久存在会导致中枢敏化。周围与中枢敏化表现为腧穴区域敏化,包括对温度的敏化和对压痛的敏化,成为针刺和艾灸靶组织的重要特征。

聚合物纤维载体对L929细胞的增殖及毒性研究

研究了进口聚合物纤维载体(1#)与国产聚合物纤维载体(2#和3#)对L929细胞增殖与毒性的影响。用CCK-8法在不同浸提液含量、不同培养时间下检测L929细胞在聚合物纤维载体中的相对增殖率。按通用标准评价材料的细胞毒性,并对载体表面和内部的细胞黏附性进行表征。结果表明:浸提液质量分数在6.25%~100.00%时,1#组、2#组、3#组均没有潜在细胞毒性,1#组、2#组、3#组的细胞毒性级别分别为“1”“0”和“1”级。体外细胞培养试验表明:在24 h的培养时间内,2#组、3#组的细胞增殖率和1#组基本接近;48~72 h的培养时间内,2#组、3#组的细胞增殖率略低于1#组。细胞黏附试验表明:2#组、3#组的细胞增殖率高于1#组,且细胞倾向于在纤维载体的内部生长。国产聚合物纤维载体的生物相容性、细胞毒性以及细胞黏附性均达到理想效果,其中3#组聚合物纤维载体的细胞增殖和细胞黏附效果最理想。