Microduplications are normally invisible under microscopy and were not recognized before chromosomal microarray testing was available. Although it is difficult to confirm the orientation of duplicated segments by stan...Microduplications are normally invisible under microscopy and were not recognized before chromosomal microarray testing was available. Although it is difficult to confirm the orientation of duplicated segments by standard fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH), our data indicates that fiber-FISH analysis has the potential to reveal the orientation of duplicated and triplicated segments of chromosomes. Recurrent microduplications reciprocal to microdeletions show tandem orientations of the duplicated segments, which is consistent with a non-allelic homologous recombination mechanism. Several random duplications showed tandem configurations and inverted duplications are rare. Further analysis is required to fully elucidate the basic mechanisms underlying such duplications/triplications.展开更多
The chromosomal localization of 45S ribosomal RNA genes in Ambystoma jeffersonianum was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA fragment as a probe (FISH-rDNA). Our results revealed the presence...The chromosomal localization of 45S ribosomal RNA genes in Ambystoma jeffersonianum was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA fragment as a probe (FISH-rDNA). Our results revealed the presence of rDNA polymorphism among A.jeffersonianum populations in terms of number,location and FISH signal intensity on the chromosomes. Nine rDNA cytotypes were found in ten geographically isolated populations and most of them contained derivative rDNA sites. Our preliminary study provides strong indication of karyotypic diversification of A.jeffersonianum that is demonstrated by intraspecific variation of 45S rDNA cytotypes. rDNA cytotype polymorphism has been described in many other caudate amphibians. We predict that habitat isolation,low dispersal ability and decline of effective population size could facilitate the fixation and accumulation of variable rDNA cytotypes during their chromosome evolution.展开更多
Standard FISH protocols using fluorochrome-labeled oligonucleotide probes have been successfully applied for in situ detection.However,optimized protocols of FISH for specific eukaryotes in marine environments are oft...Standard FISH protocols using fluorochrome-labeled oligonucleotide probes have been successfully applied for in situ detection.However,optimized protocols of FISH for specific eukaryotes in marine environments are often not developed.This study optimized the conditions of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) by using two polar isolated microalgae.The modified conditions were as follows:(1) 10 mg·mL^(-1) lysozyme solution pretreatment at 37℃for 30 min;(2) the hybridization buffer including 20%formamide;(3) the hybridization condition was 47℃for 6 h.The cells enumerated by FISH were compared with those enumerated by flow cytometry(FCM) and DAPI to confirm the cell loss and hybridization efficiency.The optimized protocol was also successfully applied to Arctic Ocean samples,which were found to be dominated by Micromonas sp.The modified protocol showed a high relative efficiency and could be successfully applied for the detection of specific microbial eukaryotes in environmental samples.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the MRP-1/CD9mRNA expression in lung cancer and normal lung tissues and the relationship between its expression and pathologic grades, clinical stages, metastasis a...Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the MRP-1/CD9mRNA expression in lung cancer and normal lung tissues and the relationship between its expression and pathologic grades, clinical stages, metastasis and prognosis. Methods: To observe MRP-1/C9mRNA expression, tissue microarray (TMA) containing 54 lung cancers and 10 normal lung tissues was prepared and Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used. Results: The positive rate of MRP-1/CD9 expression was 48.1% in lung cancer, lower than that of normal lung tissues. The statistical difference was significant (P〈0.05). Its protein expression had no relationship with the patients' ages, sex and the macroscopic type of tumor, but had relationships with the histological type, clinical stage, differentiated degree and metastasis. The expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was higher than that in small cell lung cancer (SCLC); in well-moderately differentiated group was higher than that in poorly differentiated group; Earlier period group (I+II) was higher than in later period group (Ⅲ+Ⅳ); and in group without lymphoid metastasis was higher than in patients with lymphoid metastasis. Conclusion: The progression of the lung cancer maybe related with the descended MRP-1/Cd9 expression, which may be useful in evaluating the prognosis of cancer patients.展开更多
A molecular biology method, fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH), in which the pre-treatment was improved in allusion to the media of the constructed wetlands(CW), e.g. the soil and the grit, was used to invest...A molecular biology method, fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH), in which the pre-treatment was improved in allusion to the media of the constructed wetlands(CW), e.g. the soil and the grit, was used to investigate the vertical distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) quantity and the relation with oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands under three different Ioadings in summer from May to September. Results showed that the quantity of the AOB decreased in the Typha latifolia CW with the increase of vertical depth. However, the AOB quantity was 2-4 times the quantity of the control in the root area. Additionally, ORP in the rhizosphere was found to be higher than other areas, which showed that Typha latifolia CW was in an aerobic state in summer when using simulated non-point sewage at the rural area of Taihu Lake in China and small town combined sewage.展开更多
In order to explore researches about the chromosome karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) technology in China,using the bibliometric method,taking " fluorescence in situ hybridization(FI...In order to explore researches about the chromosome karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) technology in China,using the bibliometric method,taking " fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) " and " chromosome" as key words,this paper made a statistical analysis on the literature published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) during 2002-2016.The results indicated that the number of papers published in 2002 was the smallest(37),while the number of papers published in 2012 was the largest(125).In terms of the distribution of organizations of authors,in 1201 papers,11 organizations published papers ≥15,accounting for 21.65%.In terms of distribution of papers published by different periodicals,11 periodicals published papers ≥10,accounting for 17.65%.In terms of the papers supported by foundation projects,in all papers searched,377 papers were supported by foundation projects,accounting for 31.39%.In terms of the distribution of doctoral and master's dissertations,259 papers were master's dissertations,accounting for 21.57%;92 papers were doctoral dissertations,accounting for 7.66%.展开更多
Telomeres form the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and serve as protective caps that keep chromosomes structure independency and completeness. The first plant telomere DNA was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana and was...Telomeres form the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and serve as protective caps that keep chromosomes structure independency and completeness. The first plant telomere DNA was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana and was shown to have tandemly repeated sequence 5-TTTAGGG-3: The Arabidopsis-type telomere has been found in many plants, but several reports indicate that this sequence is absent in some plants. Up to now, no research has been conducted on the telomere of cotton. In this paper, the Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence was amplified and cloned using the primers designed based on the fragment containing telomere sequence in an Arabidopsis bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with cotton metaphase chromosomes using the Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence as probes indicated that the signals were located at all chromosome ends of seven diploid and two tetraploid cotton species with different signal intensities among chromosome complements of different cotton species, even between long and short arms of the same chromosome. To identify the signals of FISH, the genome DNA of Xinhai 7, a cultivar of Gossypium barbadense, digested by BAL-31 nuclease was introduced in this study. The result of BAL-31 digestion indicated that the hybridization signals of FISH represent the outermost DNA sequence of each cotton chromosomes. So we first proved that the telomeric repeats of cotton cross-hybridize with that of Arabidopsis. The results of terminal restriction fragment (TRF) showed significant variation in telomere length among cotton species. The telomere length of cultivated cotton was close to 20 kb and was larger than those of wild cotton species whose telomere length rahged from 6 to 20 kb.展开更多
Objective To identify the deletions in Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/ BMD) by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)Methods The exon-specific cosmid DNA probes (representing 18 exons) were used to p...Objective To identify the deletions in Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/ BMD) by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)Methods The exon-specific cosmid DNA probes (representing 18 exons) were used to perform one-color FISH on metaphase and interphase preparations. The peripheral blood samples from 9 normal people (4 males and 5 females) and 5 females from independent deletion DMD/BMD families, as well as 2 amniotic fluid specimens and 2 chorionic villus samples (CVS) from normal pregnant females were analyzed. Results 72%-100% of peripheral blood lymphocyte metaphases or interphases, 60% -70% of amniocyte interphases, and 95 - 99% of chorionic villus cell interphases showed expected signals. One suspected female was identified as deletion carriers and two were excluded.Conclusion FISH in combination with other available techniques allows efficient screening of DMD/BMD deletion carriers, which also lay the ground work for prenatal diagnosis for potential fetal carriers.展开更多
It has been reported that there was a linkage of 5S rRNA gene to 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA gene in a few of species in Ochrophyta.In regard to the usual two positions of linked 5S rDNA to the 3′end of 25S rDNA,two pairs of p...It has been reported that there was a linkage of 5S rRNA gene to 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA gene in a few of species in Ochrophyta.In regard to the usual two positions of linked 5S rDNA to the 3′end of 25S rDNA,two pairs of primers were designed for amplification to verify this linkage of two genes in a kelp cultivar of Saccharina japonica,one of species in Ochrophyta.This result supplemented the previous report that 5S rDNA was unlinked to 25S rDNA in this kelp.In order to simultaneously visualize this unlinkage of two genes,dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)technique was applied to the cytogenetics of S.japonica.Dual-color FISH images showed that two and four hybridization signals were present in the kelp gametophyte and sporophyte,respectively,metaphase nuclei hybridized simultaneously with the labeled probes of 18S rDNA and 5S rDNA.Both haploid and diploid karyotypes in decreasing length of chromosomes showed that 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA was localized at the interstitial region of Chromosome 23,whereas 5S rDNA resided at the sub-telomeric region of Chromosome 27.These karyotypes suggested that the kelp nuclear genome had only one locus of each rRNA gene,and their loci on different chromosomes indicated the physical unlinkage of 5S rDNA to 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA in this kelp.Therefore,dual-color FISH seems to be a powerful technique for the discrimination and pairing of chromosomes featured in both small size and nearly identical shape in S.japonica.展开更多
Modern technology for developing new items made from renewable resources is becoming more and more popular as a result of rising environmental concern.Recently,contemporary polymer composites have included the hybridi...Modern technology for developing new items made from renewable resources is becoming more and more popular as a result of rising environmental concern.Recently,contemporary polymer composites have included the hybridization of natural fibers with synthetic ones,along with the inclusion of a variety of biowaste filler for developing sustainable goods.In this work,the kenaf/glass hybrid polyester composites are strengthened by the addition of fish scale(FS),which is taken from the fishs outermost layer of skin.Five different stacked-order laminates,such as KKKK,KGKG,GKKG,KGGK,and GGGG,are fabricated by using the hand lay-up method with four different weight concentrations of filler content:0%,5%,10%,and 15%.Mechanical possessions such as tensile,flexural,impact strength and micro-hardness have been evaluated through experimentation in accordance with ASTM standards.The experimental findings revealed that,the tensile strength and micro-hardness value of KGKG laminates with 15wt% of FS filler are found to be maximum of 118.72 MPa and 17.82 HV respectively which are 39.67%and 26.11%greater than that of KGKG laminates without FS filler.However,the flexural and impact strength of same laminates with 10 wt% FS filler exhibited a maximum value of 142.77 MPa and 62.08 kJ/m^(2).In order to corroborate its applicability for structural and building materials in open environment,the dimensional stability of the composite has been studied through moisture absorption test.The influences of FS filler loading on dimensional stability and resistance to moisture absorption capacity of laminates are also investigated.The experimental results reflected that the addition of FS-filler has significantly improved the dimensional stability of the laminates in moist environment by reducing the moisture absorption tendency.To further support the mode of failures,a fractography investigation of fractured surfaces was conducted.展开更多
Objective: Embryonic chromosomal abnormality is one of the main reasons for in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure. This study aimed at evaluating the value of Fluorescence in-situ Hybridization (FISH)-based Preimplanta...Objective: Embryonic chromosomal abnormality is one of the main reasons for in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure. This study aimed at evaluating the value of Fluorescence in-situ Hybridization (FISH)-based Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) in screening for embryonic chromosomal abnormality to increase the successful rate of IVF. Method: Ten couples, four with high risk of chromosomal abnormality and six infertile couples, underwent FISH-based PGD during IVF procedure. At day 3, one or two blastomeres were aspirated from each embryo. Biopsied blastomeres were examined using FISH analysis to screen out embryos with chromosomal abnormalities. At day 4, embryos without detectable chromosomal abnormality were transferred to the mother bodies as in regular IVF. Results: Among 54 embryos screened using FISH-based PGD, 30 embryos were detected to have chromosomal abnormalities. The 24 healthy embryos were implanted, resulting in four clinical pregnancies, two of which led to successful normal birth of two healthy babies; one to ongoing pregnancy during the writing of this article; and one to ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: FISH-based PGD is an effective method for detecting embryonic chromosomal abnormality, which is one of the common causes of spontaneous miscarriages and chromosomally unbalanced offsprings.展开更多
Jellyfish blooms have increased worldwide, and the outbreaks of jellyfish population not only affect the food web structures via voracious predation but also play an important role in the dynamics of nutrients and oxy...Jellyfish blooms have increased worldwide, and the outbreaks of jellyfish population not only affect the food web structures via voracious predation but also play an important role in the dynamics of nutrients and oxygen in planktonic food webs. However, it remains unclear whether specific carbon compounds released through jellyfish metabolic processes have the potential to shape bacterial community composition. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the compositional succession of the bacterioplankton community in response to the dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by the live Scyphomedusae Cyanea lamarckii and Chrysaora hysoscella collected from Helgoland Roads of the North Sea. The bacterial community was significantly stimulated by the DOM released form live jellyfish and different dominant phylotypes were observed for these two Scyphomedusae species. Furthermore, the bacterial community structures in the different DOM sources, jellyfish-incubated media, Kabeltonne seawater, and artificial seawater (DOM-free) were significantly different, as revealed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis fingerprints. Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) revealed a rapid species-specific shift in bacterial community composition. Gammaproteobacteria dominated the community instead of the Bacteroidetes community for C. lamarckii, whereas Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated the community for C. hysoscella. The significant differences in the bacterial community composition and succession indicate that the components of the DOM released by jellyfish might differ with jellyfish species.展开更多
Performance of biological phosphorus removal in the oxic-settling-anaerobic(OSA) process was investigated. Cell staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) were used to analyze characteristics and microbial c...Performance of biological phosphorus removal in the oxic-settling-anaerobic(OSA) process was investigated. Cell staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) were used to analyze characteristics and microbial community of sludge. Experimental results showed that phosphorus removal efficiency was near 60% and the amount of biological phosphorus accumulation in aerobic sludge of the OSA system was up to 26.9 mg/g. Biological phosphorus removal efficiency was partially inhibited by carbon sources in the continuous OSA system. Contrasted to the OSA system,biological phosphorus removal efficiency was enhanced by 14% and the average total phosphorus(TP) contents of aerobic sludge were increased by 0.36 mg/g when sufficient carbon sources were supplied in batch experiments. Staining methods indicated that about 35% of microorganisms had typical characteristics of phosphorus accumulating organisms(PAOs) . FISH analysis demonstrated that PAOMIX-binding bacteria were predominant microbial communities in the OSA system,which accounted for around 28% of total bacteria.展开更多
文摘Microduplications are normally invisible under microscopy and were not recognized before chromosomal microarray testing was available. Although it is difficult to confirm the orientation of duplicated segments by standard fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH), our data indicates that fiber-FISH analysis has the potential to reveal the orientation of duplicated and triplicated segments of chromosomes. Recurrent microduplications reciprocal to microdeletions show tandem orientations of the duplicated segments, which is consistent with a non-allelic homologous recombination mechanism. Several random duplications showed tandem configurations and inverted duplications are rare. Further analysis is required to fully elucidate the basic mechanisms underlying such duplications/triplications.
文摘The chromosomal localization of 45S ribosomal RNA genes in Ambystoma jeffersonianum was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA fragment as a probe (FISH-rDNA). Our results revealed the presence of rDNA polymorphism among A.jeffersonianum populations in terms of number,location and FISH signal intensity on the chromosomes. Nine rDNA cytotypes were found in ten geographically isolated populations and most of them contained derivative rDNA sites. Our preliminary study provides strong indication of karyotypic diversification of A.jeffersonianum that is demonstrated by intraspecific variation of 45S rDNA cytotypes. rDNA cytotype polymorphism has been described in many other caudate amphibians. We predict that habitat isolation,low dispersal ability and decline of effective population size could facilitate the fixation and accumulation of variable rDNA cytotypes during their chromosome evolution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.40806073,40876097)the Polar Science Strategic Research Foundation of China and the Youth Foundation for Marine Science of SOA (Grants No.2008128)
文摘Standard FISH protocols using fluorochrome-labeled oligonucleotide probes have been successfully applied for in situ detection.However,optimized protocols of FISH for specific eukaryotes in marine environments are often not developed.This study optimized the conditions of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) by using two polar isolated microalgae.The modified conditions were as follows:(1) 10 mg·mL^(-1) lysozyme solution pretreatment at 37℃for 30 min;(2) the hybridization buffer including 20%formamide;(3) the hybridization condition was 47℃for 6 h.The cells enumerated by FISH were compared with those enumerated by flow cytometry(FCM) and DAPI to confirm the cell loss and hybridization efficiency.The optimized protocol was also successfully applied to Arctic Ocean samples,which were found to be dominated by Micromonas sp.The modified protocol showed a high relative efficiency and could be successfully applied for the detection of specific microbial eukaryotes in environmental samples.
基金This work was supported by a grant from Tianjin Science and Technology Committee (No. 033804211)
文摘Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the MRP-1/CD9mRNA expression in lung cancer and normal lung tissues and the relationship between its expression and pathologic grades, clinical stages, metastasis and prognosis. Methods: To observe MRP-1/C9mRNA expression, tissue microarray (TMA) containing 54 lung cancers and 10 normal lung tissues was prepared and Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used. Results: The positive rate of MRP-1/CD9 expression was 48.1% in lung cancer, lower than that of normal lung tissues. The statistical difference was significant (P〈0.05). Its protein expression had no relationship with the patients' ages, sex and the macroscopic type of tumor, but had relationships with the histological type, clinical stage, differentiated degree and metastasis. The expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was higher than that in small cell lung cancer (SCLC); in well-moderately differentiated group was higher than that in poorly differentiated group; Earlier period group (I+II) was higher than in later period group (Ⅲ+Ⅳ); and in group without lymphoid metastasis was higher than in patients with lymphoid metastasis. Conclusion: The progression of the lung cancer maybe related with the descended MRP-1/Cd9 expression, which may be useful in evaluating the prognosis of cancer patients.
文摘A molecular biology method, fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH), in which the pre-treatment was improved in allusion to the media of the constructed wetlands(CW), e.g. the soil and the grit, was used to investigate the vertical distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) quantity and the relation with oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands under three different Ioadings in summer from May to September. Results showed that the quantity of the AOB decreased in the Typha latifolia CW with the increase of vertical depth. However, the AOB quantity was 2-4 times the quantity of the control in the root area. Additionally, ORP in the rhizosphere was found to be higher than other areas, which showed that Typha latifolia CW was in an aerobic state in summer when using simulated non-point sewage at the rural area of Taihu Lake in China and small town combined sewage.
基金Supported by Project of National Natural Science Foundation(31160292)Crop Discipline Construction Project of Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College(2015ZWXKJS&2016ZWXKJS)
文摘In order to explore researches about the chromosome karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) technology in China,using the bibliometric method,taking " fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) " and " chromosome" as key words,this paper made a statistical analysis on the literature published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) during 2002-2016.The results indicated that the number of papers published in 2002 was the smallest(37),while the number of papers published in 2012 was the largest(125).In terms of the distribution of organizations of authors,in 1201 papers,11 organizations published papers ≥15,accounting for 21.65%.In terms of distribution of papers published by different periodicals,11 periodicals published papers ≥10,accounting for 17.65%.In terms of the papers supported by foundation projects,in all papers searched,377 papers were supported by foundation projects,accounting for 31.39%.In terms of the distribution of doctoral and master's dissertations,259 papers were master's dissertations,accounting for 21.57%;92 papers were doctoral dissertations,accounting for 7.66%.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30170501)
文摘Telomeres form the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and serve as protective caps that keep chromosomes structure independency and completeness. The first plant telomere DNA was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana and was shown to have tandemly repeated sequence 5-TTTAGGG-3: The Arabidopsis-type telomere has been found in many plants, but several reports indicate that this sequence is absent in some plants. Up to now, no research has been conducted on the telomere of cotton. In this paper, the Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence was amplified and cloned using the primers designed based on the fragment containing telomere sequence in an Arabidopsis bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with cotton metaphase chromosomes using the Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence as probes indicated that the signals were located at all chromosome ends of seven diploid and two tetraploid cotton species with different signal intensities among chromosome complements of different cotton species, even between long and short arms of the same chromosome. To identify the signals of FISH, the genome DNA of Xinhai 7, a cultivar of Gossypium barbadense, digested by BAL-31 nuclease was introduced in this study. The result of BAL-31 digestion indicated that the hybridization signals of FISH represent the outermost DNA sequence of each cotton chromosomes. So we first proved that the telomeric repeats of cotton cross-hybridize with that of Arabidopsis. The results of terminal restriction fragment (TRF) showed significant variation in telomere length among cotton species. The telomere length of cultivated cotton was close to 20 kb and was larger than those of wild cotton species whose telomere length rahged from 6 to 20 kb.
文摘Objective To identify the deletions in Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/ BMD) by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)Methods The exon-specific cosmid DNA probes (representing 18 exons) were used to perform one-color FISH on metaphase and interphase preparations. The peripheral blood samples from 9 normal people (4 males and 5 females) and 5 females from independent deletion DMD/BMD families, as well as 2 amniotic fluid specimens and 2 chorionic villus samples (CVS) from normal pregnant females were analyzed. Results 72%-100% of peripheral blood lymphocyte metaphases or interphases, 60% -70% of amniocyte interphases, and 95 - 99% of chorionic villus cell interphases showed expected signals. One suspected female was identified as deletion carriers and two were excluded.Conclusion FISH in combination with other available techniques allows efficient screening of DMD/BMD deletion carriers, which also lay the ground work for prenatal diagnosis for potential fetal carriers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41376136,31201992)the Double First-Class Discipline of Fisheries Science in China。
文摘It has been reported that there was a linkage of 5S rRNA gene to 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA gene in a few of species in Ochrophyta.In regard to the usual two positions of linked 5S rDNA to the 3′end of 25S rDNA,two pairs of primers were designed for amplification to verify this linkage of two genes in a kelp cultivar of Saccharina japonica,one of species in Ochrophyta.This result supplemented the previous report that 5S rDNA was unlinked to 25S rDNA in this kelp.In order to simultaneously visualize this unlinkage of two genes,dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)technique was applied to the cytogenetics of S.japonica.Dual-color FISH images showed that two and four hybridization signals were present in the kelp gametophyte and sporophyte,respectively,metaphase nuclei hybridized simultaneously with the labeled probes of 18S rDNA and 5S rDNA.Both haploid and diploid karyotypes in decreasing length of chromosomes showed that 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA was localized at the interstitial region of Chromosome 23,whereas 5S rDNA resided at the sub-telomeric region of Chromosome 27.These karyotypes suggested that the kelp nuclear genome had only one locus of each rRNA gene,and their loci on different chromosomes indicated the physical unlinkage of 5S rDNA to 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA in this kelp.Therefore,dual-color FISH seems to be a powerful technique for the discrimination and pairing of chromosomes featured in both small size and nearly identical shape in S.japonica.
文摘Modern technology for developing new items made from renewable resources is becoming more and more popular as a result of rising environmental concern.Recently,contemporary polymer composites have included the hybridization of natural fibers with synthetic ones,along with the inclusion of a variety of biowaste filler for developing sustainable goods.In this work,the kenaf/glass hybrid polyester composites are strengthened by the addition of fish scale(FS),which is taken from the fishs outermost layer of skin.Five different stacked-order laminates,such as KKKK,KGKG,GKKG,KGGK,and GGGG,are fabricated by using the hand lay-up method with four different weight concentrations of filler content:0%,5%,10%,and 15%.Mechanical possessions such as tensile,flexural,impact strength and micro-hardness have been evaluated through experimentation in accordance with ASTM standards.The experimental findings revealed that,the tensile strength and micro-hardness value of KGKG laminates with 15wt% of FS filler are found to be maximum of 118.72 MPa and 17.82 HV respectively which are 39.67%and 26.11%greater than that of KGKG laminates without FS filler.However,the flexural and impact strength of same laminates with 10 wt% FS filler exhibited a maximum value of 142.77 MPa and 62.08 kJ/m^(2).In order to corroborate its applicability for structural and building materials in open environment,the dimensional stability of the composite has been studied through moisture absorption test.The influences of FS filler loading on dimensional stability and resistance to moisture absorption capacity of laminates are also investigated.The experimental results reflected that the addition of FS-filler has significantly improved the dimensional stability of the laminates in moist environment by reducing the moisture absorption tendency.To further support the mode of failures,a fractography investigation of fractured surfaces was conducted.
文摘Objective: Embryonic chromosomal abnormality is one of the main reasons for in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure. This study aimed at evaluating the value of Fluorescence in-situ Hybridization (FISH)-based Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) in screening for embryonic chromosomal abnormality to increase the successful rate of IVF. Method: Ten couples, four with high risk of chromosomal abnormality and six infertile couples, underwent FISH-based PGD during IVF procedure. At day 3, one or two blastomeres were aspirated from each embryo. Biopsied blastomeres were examined using FISH analysis to screen out embryos with chromosomal abnormalities. At day 4, embryos without detectable chromosomal abnormality were transferred to the mother bodies as in regular IVF. Results: Among 54 embryos screened using FISH-based PGD, 30 embryos were detected to have chromosomal abnormalities. The 24 healthy embryos were implanted, resulting in four clinical pregnancies, two of which led to successful normal birth of two healthy babies; one to ongoing pregnancy during the writing of this article; and one to ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: FISH-based PGD is an effective method for detecting embryonic chromosomal abnormality, which is one of the common causes of spontaneous miscarriages and chromosomally unbalanced offsprings.
基金Project at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany)the funding from the China Scholarship Council+1 种基金Jutta Niggemann and Thorsten Dittmar (ICBM COU Oldenburg) who supported the preparation of the DOM free seawater strongly with material and technical supportthe crew of the AADE research vessel for providing samples as well as the entire team of the AWI Food Web Project
文摘Jellyfish blooms have increased worldwide, and the outbreaks of jellyfish population not only affect the food web structures via voracious predation but also play an important role in the dynamics of nutrients and oxygen in planktonic food webs. However, it remains unclear whether specific carbon compounds released through jellyfish metabolic processes have the potential to shape bacterial community composition. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the compositional succession of the bacterioplankton community in response to the dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by the live Scyphomedusae Cyanea lamarckii and Chrysaora hysoscella collected from Helgoland Roads of the North Sea. The bacterial community was significantly stimulated by the DOM released form live jellyfish and different dominant phylotypes were observed for these two Scyphomedusae species. Furthermore, the bacterial community structures in the different DOM sources, jellyfish-incubated media, Kabeltonne seawater, and artificial seawater (DOM-free) were significantly different, as revealed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis fingerprints. Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) revealed a rapid species-specific shift in bacterial community composition. Gammaproteobacteria dominated the community instead of the Bacteroidetes community for C. lamarckii, whereas Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated the community for C. hysoscella. The significant differences in the bacterial community composition and succession indicate that the components of the DOM released by jellyfish might differ with jellyfish species.
基金Project (No. 2006BAC19B04) supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China
文摘Performance of biological phosphorus removal in the oxic-settling-anaerobic(OSA) process was investigated. Cell staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) were used to analyze characteristics and microbial community of sludge. Experimental results showed that phosphorus removal efficiency was near 60% and the amount of biological phosphorus accumulation in aerobic sludge of the OSA system was up to 26.9 mg/g. Biological phosphorus removal efficiency was partially inhibited by carbon sources in the continuous OSA system. Contrasted to the OSA system,biological phosphorus removal efficiency was enhanced by 14% and the average total phosphorus(TP) contents of aerobic sludge were increased by 0.36 mg/g when sufficient carbon sources were supplied in batch experiments. Staining methods indicated that about 35% of microorganisms had typical characteristics of phosphorus accumulating organisms(PAOs) . FISH analysis demonstrated that PAOMIX-binding bacteria were predominant microbial communities in the OSA system,which accounted for around 28% of total bacteria.