Numerical Simulation of External-Cavity Distributed Feedback Semiconductor Laser

We propose a theoretical model to describe external-cavity distributed feedback semiconductor lasers and investigate the impact of the number of external feedback points on linewidth and side-mode suppression ratio through numerical simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the linewidth of external-cavity semiconductor lasers can be reduced by increasing the external cavity length and feedback ratio, and adding more external feedback points can further narrow the linewidth and enhance the side mode suppression ratio. This research provides insight into the external cavity distributed feedback mechanism and can guide the design of high-performance external cavity semiconductor lasers. .

Critical dispersion of chirped fiber Bragg grating for eliminating time delay signature of distributed feedback laser chaos

Optical chaos has attracted widespread attention owing to its complex dynamic behaviors.However,the time delay signature(TDS)caused by the external cavity mode reduces the complexity of optical chaos.We propose and numerically demonstrate the critical dispersion of chirped fiber Bragg grating(CFBG)for eliminating the TDS of laser chaos in this work.The critical dispersion,as a function of relaxation frequency and bandwidth of the optical spectrum,is found through extensive dynamics simulations.It is shown that the TDS can be eliminated when the dispersion of CFBG is above this critical dispersion.In addition,the influence of dispersive feedback light and output light from a laser is investigated.These results provide important quantitative guidance for designing chaotic semiconductor lasers without TDS.

Waveguide external cavity narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers

Narrow linewidth light source is a prerequisite for high-performance coherent optical communication and sensing.Waveguide-based external cavity narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers(WEC-NLSLs)have become a competitive and attractive candidate for many coherent applications due to their small size,volume,low energy consumption,low cost and the ability to integrate with other optical components.In this paper,we present an overview of WEC-NLSLs from their required technologies to the state-of-the-art progress.Moreover,we highlight the common problems occurring to current WEC-NLSLs and show the possible approaches to resolving the issues.Finally,we present the possible development directions for the next phase and hope this review will be beneficial to the advancements of WEC-NLSLs.

Steady-State Behavior of Semiconductor Laser Diodes Subject to Arbitrary Levels of External Optical Feedback

This paper investigates the steady-state behavior of a semiconductor laser subject to arbitrary levels of external optical feedback by means of an iterative travelling-wave (ITW) model. Analytical expressions are developed based on an iterative equation. We show that, as in good agreement with previous work, in the weak-feedback regime of operation except for a phase shift the ITW model will be simplified to the Lang-Kobayashi (LK) model, and that in the case where this phase shift is equal to zero the ITW model is identical to the LK model. The present work is of use in particular for distinguishing the coherence-collapse regime from the strong-feedback regime where low-intensity-noise and narrow-linewidth laser operation would be possible at high feedback levels with re-stabilization of the compound laser system.

A self-seeded fiber laser incorporated with a fiber Bragg grating external cavity semiconductor laser

A self-seeded fiber laser incorporated with a fiber Bragg grating external cavity semiconductor laser (FBG-ECL) and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) were reported in this paper. The MZI provided a Q-switching with response time in the order of micro-seconds. The FBG-ECL provided narrow pulses as seeds to shorten the Q-switched pulses. Experimentally, pulse width of 0.8 μs was measured, which was one fifth of the pulse width without self-seeding.

Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and Gain Chip Used in Wavelength Tunable Lasers

The design concept of semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)and gain chip used in wavelength tunable lasers(TL)is discussed in this paper.The design concept is similar to that of a conventional SOA or a laser;however,there are a few different points.An SOA in front of the tunable laser should be polarization dependent and has low optical confinement factor.To obtain wide gain bandwidth at the threshold current,the gain chip used in the tunable laser cavity should be something between SOA and fixed-wavelength laser design,while the fixed-wavelength laser has high optical confinement factor.Detailed discussion is given with basic equations and some simulation results on saturation power of the SOA and gain bandwidth of gain chip are shown.

Variation of Lasing Wavelength of Fiber Grating Semiconductor Laser with Temperature for Different External Cavity Lengths

For different external cavity lengths, lasing wavelength variation of fiber grating external cavity semiconductor laser (FGECSL) with ambient temperature has been investigated theoretically, and the theoretical results are in agreement with reported experimental observations.

Self Mixing Fringes of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers under Dual Reflector Feedback

The self-mixing fringes which shift due to every one-twentieth wavelength displacement of the target are observed. Taking advantage of the dual reflectors in the external cavity of lasers, the resolution of the sensors has been improved by 10 times. The role of the each reflector has been discussed in detail.

基于束腰劈裂偏振合束高亮度窄线宽半导体激光器

将一个808 nm宽发射区半导体激光器应用于纵模选择束腰劈裂偏振合束外腔中,实现了高光束质量、高亮度和窄线宽的激光输出。所获激光输出功率为5.08 W,快慢轴光束质量M2=1.85×18.2,慢轴光束质量较自由运转激光器提高48%,输出激光亮度B=22.74 MW·cm^(-2)·sr^(-1),是原激光器自由运转的1.3倍。所获激光光谱线宽为0.47 nm,压缩至原激光器自由运转的光谱宽度的0.14。

Multi-wavelength fiber ring laser based on a chirped moiré fiber grating and a semiconductor optical amplifier

A simple and cost-effective multi-wavelength fiber ring laser based on a chirped Moire fiber grating （CMFG） and a semiconductor optical amplifier （SOA） is proposed. Stable triple-wavelength lasing oscillations at room temperature are experimentally demonstrated. The measured optical signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） reaches the highest value of 50 dB and the power fluctuation of each wavelength is less than 0.2 dB within a 1-h period. To serve as a wavelength selective element, the CMFG possesses excellent comb-like filtering characteristics including stable wavelength interval and ultra-narrow passband, and its fabrication method is easy and flexible. The lasing oscillation shows a narrower bandwidth than SOA-based multi-wavelength fiber lasers utilizing some other kinds of wavelength selective components. Methods to optimize the laser performance are also discussed.

Effects of the Facet Reflectivity of a Laser Diode on Fiber Bragg Grating Semiconductor Lasers

Effects of facet reflectivity of a laser diode on the performance of fiber Bragg grating semiconductor lasers are studied experimentally. Facet reflectivity of less than 10-4 is necessary to obtain stable oscillation wavelength.

Random Bragg-grating-based wavelength-tunable random fiber laser with a full-open cavity

A full-open-cavity wavelength-tunable random fiber laser(WT-RFL) with compact structure and hundreds of picometers tuning range is proposed and demonstrated. A π fiber Bragg grating(FBG) is used in the WT-RFL as a filter to select lasing wavelengths. The two random Bragg grating arrays(RBGAs) and a section of high gain erbium-doped fiber result in a low lasing threshold and high stability. A numerical model to analyze the tunable characteristics is developed. The results show that the laser threshold is 22 m W, and the maximum peak-power fluctuation is 0.55 d B. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that a compact and full-open-cavity WT-RFL with two RBGAs and a π-FBG is proposed.

Numerical analysis of semiconductor lasers with FBG external cavity reflectors

Numerical simulations based on a multimode rate-equation model is used to study the effect of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) external cavity reflectors on the performance of multimode semiconductor lasers. The factors affecting the relative intensity noise and the wavelength stable range are discussed. Design principles for the parameter selection of semiconductor lasers with FBG external cavity reflectors are given based on the numerical results.

Multi-wavelength fiber ring laser based on semiconductor optical amplifier and sampled fiber Bragg grating in a Sagnac loop interferometer

Multi-wavelength fiber ring laser based on the semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)with sampled fiber Bragg grating(SFBG)in a Sagnac loop interferometer as the wavelength-selective filter is proposed.Four lasing wavelengths with 1.8 nm spacing have been generated stably at room temperature.The proposed laser has the advan-tages such as removal of the high-cost circulator,flexibility in channel-spacing tuning,and simple all-optical fiber configuration,which has potential applications in high-capacity wavelength-division-multiplexed(WDM)systems and mechanical sensors.

Output Intensity Variations of the Laser Used in a Prism Coupling System and Its Application

The output intensity variations of the laser used in a prism coupling system are observed and found to be induced by the external optical feedback, which comes from the reflection on the prism. The intensity variations are explained with laser theory. The trough in the intensity variation corresponds to the position of the prism when the output light beam propagates perpendicularly to the prism. Based on the trough a new method for rotating the prism and reading out the step numbers is proposed, by which the angle 0° in the system need not to be calibrated. It is proven by experiment that the new method would improve the accuracy of the refractive index up to ±0.00001 and thickness to ±1 nm.

Structure Design of Disposable Ocean Temperature Depth Sensing Probe Based on F-P Cavity and FBG

The basic principle of sensing is the combination of F-P cavity interference and fiber grating reflection. A hybrid structure sensor probe has been designed based on the combination of an F-P cavity of liquid-filled thermometer structure, and a fiber grating with an elastic diaphragm, herein F-P cavity is used for temperature sensing, and the fiber grating is used for pressure sensing. By adopting the dual optical path structure, the dual-parameter detection of temperature and depth is realized, which solves the problem of low accuracy caused by the cross response of temperature and pressure of a single sensor device and the calculation of the depth information of the ocean with empirical formulas. Compared with traditional sensors, the sensitivity is effectively improved. Theoretical analysis shows that the sensitivity of the F-P cavity with a thermometer structure filled with kerosene reaches 1.334 nm/?C, and the depth sensitivity of the fiber grating is 284.6 pm/Mpa within the ocean depth range of 0 - 400 m.

宽范围无跳模外腔可调谐半导体激光器

具有宽调谐范围、无跳模以及高光谱纯净度的半导体激光器在超精细光谱、相干检测和光纤智能感知等领域有着重要的应用。但是受到半导体激光器固有运转特性的制约,通过传统的单片集成式半导体激光器难以获得高光谱纯净度的宽范围可调谐激光输出。因此文中采用闪耀光栅作为外腔反馈元件,单角面度半导体增益芯片作为增益介质,通过Littman-Metcalf外腔振荡结构实现了1 480~1 580 nm的宽调谐范围、无模式跳变的线宽小于98.27 kHz的激光输出,在注入电流为410 mA的条件下获得了16.95 dBm的峰值功率、全范围功率优于14.96 dBm和边模抑制比优于65.54 dB的输出。相应的实验结果表明:采用机械刻划闪耀光栅的Littman-Metcalf结构用于半导体激光器,可很大程度的改善半导体激光器的综合性能。该研究有利于推动其在提升光频域反射仪测量精度方向的应用。

基于线型腔光纤激光器的变压器局部放电长距离检测技术

用于电力设备局部放电检测的传统光纤声波传感器,因受灵敏度、介质相融性、难以与解调系统空间分离等因素影响尚未广泛应用。线型腔光纤激光器(linear cavity fiber laser,LCFL)因具有超窄出射线宽而对高频应变具有极高的检测灵敏度,且其体积微小,敏感单元与解调系统相互独立,可有效解决传统光纤声波传感器所面临的上述问题。该文提出并研制基于线型腔光纤激光器技术的局部放电声波检测系统。为解决LCFL光源本征特性在局部放电长距离检测应用中引入的外部光反馈噪声问题,利用半导体激光器外部光反馈理论确定光隔离器的安装位置,使LCFL工作于外部光反馈系数A区(0~200.6m)对系统进行优化,将系统长距离条件下的平均噪声幅值降低了87.49%。在80kVA油浸式变压器绕组长距离传导光纤局部放电检测平台开展实验,结果表明:所研究的LCFL局部放电检测系统在最大超声衰减情况下可有效应用于局部放电长距离检测。在相同超声激励源下,LCFL系统平均最大响应幅值比压电陶瓷传感器(piezoelectric transducer,PZT)高1354%,且稳定性优于PZT。

外腔可调谐半导体激光器的输出特性(特邀)

报道了采用Littman-Metcalf结构形式,利用宽增益谱半导体激光器作为内腔种子源,闪耀光栅和调谐反射镜构成外腔反馈单元,实现了波长可调谐范围覆盖1479.96~1599.96 nm的无跳模、高精度(±1.38 pm)、高边模抑制比(84.34 d B)以及高稳定性(功率:±0.00883 dB/1h,波长:±0.25 pm/1h)输出的实验结果。该外腔可调谐半导体激光器的有效腔长约为50 mm,输出最大功率为15.19 dBm,输出最小光谱线宽为18.89 kHz。该研究有利于推动新型超高分辨率光谱分析系统的研究,为其提供自主可控的激光信号产生源。