Strain coordination of quasi-plane-hypothesis for reinforced concrete beam strengthened by epoxy-bonded glass fiber reinforced plastic plate

The testing of thirteen reinforced concrete （RC） beams strengthened by epoxy-bonded glass fiber reinforced plastic plate （GFRP） shows that the RC beam and the GFRP plate with epoxy bonding on it can work fairly well in coordination to each other. But there is relative slipping between RC beam and GFRP plate. And the strain of GFRP and steel rebar of RC beam satisfies the quasi-plane-hypothesis, that is, the strain of longitudinal fiber that parallels to the neutral axis of plated beam within the scope of effective height （h0） of the cross section is in direct proportion to the distance from the fiber to the neutral axis. The strain of GFRP and steel rebar satisfies the equation: ε GFRP =Kε steel .

Strengthening reinforced concrete beams using prestressed glass fiber-reinforced polymer-Part I: Experimental study

This work is aimed at studying the strengthening of reinforced concrete (R. C.) beams using prestressed glass fi- ber-reinforced polymer (PGFRP). Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) has recently become popular for use as repair or rehabilitation material for deteriorated R. C. structures, but because CFRP material is very stiff, the difference in CFRP sheet and concrete material properties is not favorable for transferring the prestress from CFRP sheets to R. C. members. Glass fi- ber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets with Modulus of Elasticity quite close to that of concrete was chosen in this study. The load-carrying capacities (ultimate loads) and the deflections of strengthened R. C. beams using GFRP and PGFRP sheets were tested and compared. T- and ⊥-shaped beams were used as the under-strengthened and over-strengthened beams. The GFRP sheets were prestressed to one-half their tensile capacities before being bonded to the T- and ⊥-shaped R. C. beams. The prestressed tension in the PGFRP sheets caused cambers in the R. C. beams without cracks on the tensile faces. The PGFRP sheets also enhanced the load-carrying capacity. The test results indicated that T-shaped beams with GFRP sheets increased in load-carrying capacity by 55% while the same beams with PGFRP sheets could increase load-carrying capacity by 100%. The ⊥-shaped beams with GFRP sheets could increase load-carrying capacity by 97% while the same beams with PGFRP sheets could increase the loading-carrying capacity by 117%. Under the same external loads, beams with GFRP sheets underwent larger deflections than beams with PGFRP sheets. While GFRP sheets strengthen R. C. beams, PGFRP sheets decrease the beams’ ductility, especially for the over-strengthened beams (⊥-shaped beams).

Quasi-plane-hypothesis of strain coordination for RC beams seismically strengthened with externally-bonded or near-surface mounted fiber reinforced plastic

The application of fiber reinforced plastic（FRP）,including carbon FRP and glass FRP,for structural repair and strengthening has grown due to their numerous advantages over conventional materials such as externally bonded reinforcement（EBR） and near-surface mounted（NSM） strengthening techniques.This paper summarizes the results from 21 reinforced concrete beams strengthened with different methods,including externally-bonded and near-surface mounted FRP,to study the strain coordination of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam.Since there is relative slipping between the RC beam and the FRP,the strain of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam satisfy the quasi-plane-hypothesis;that is,the strain of the longitudinal fiber that parallels the neutral axis of the plated beam within the scope of the effective height（h 0） of the cross section is in direct proportion to the distance from the fiber to the neutral axis.The strain of the FRP and steel rebar satisfies the equation：ε FRP =βε steel,and the value of β is equal to 1.1-1.3 according to the test results.

Double linear strain distribution assumption of RC beam strengthened with external-bonded or near-surface mounted fiber reinforced plastic

Rehabilitation of existing structures with fiber reinforced plastic(FRP)has been growing in popularity because they offer superior performance in terms of resistance to corrosion and high specific stiffness.The strain coordination results of 34 reinforced concrete beams(four groups)strengthened with different methods were presented including external-bonded or near-surface mounted glass or carbon FRP or helical rib bar in order to study the strain coordination of the strengthening materials and steel rebar of RC beam.Because there is relative slipping between concrete and strengthening materials(SM),the strain of SM and steel rebar of RC beam satisfies the double linear strain distribution assumption,that is,the strain of longitudinal fiber parallel to the neutral axis of plated beam within the scope of effective height(h0)of the cross section is in direct proportion to the distance from the fiber to the neutral axis.The strain of SM and steel rebar satisfies the equation εGCH=βεsteel,where the value of β is equal to 1.1-1.3 according to the test results.

弯-剪-扭复合受力CFRP布加固RC梁抗扭性能细观数值分析

为了研究弯-剪-扭复合受力条件下碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced polymer, CFRP)布加固钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete, RC)梁的抗扭性能,建立体现混凝土材料非均质性、钢筋-混凝土黏结滑移关系和CFRP布-混凝土相互作用关系的细观数值分析模型。由于缺乏CFRP布加固RC梁在弯-剪-扭复合受力作用下失效破坏的典型物理试验,采用复合对比验证法对数值模型的合理性进行验证,即分别与单独受剪、单独受扭以及受弯-扭复合作用下RC梁和CFRP布加固RC梁的试验结果进行对比验证。进而,基于建立的细观数值分析模型探究了配纤率和扭弯比对CFRP布加固RC梁在弯-剪-扭复合受力作用下抗扭力学性能的影响。结果表明:1)采用CFRP布加固能够显著提高RC梁的峰值扭矩;2)随配纤率增加,RC梁损伤分布范围逐渐变大,CFRP布应变逐渐减小,梁整体峰值扭矩增大,但其增大幅度减小;3)随扭弯比增加,RC梁裂缝分布愈加集中,裂缝与水平方向夹角逐渐减小,梁整体峰值扭矩增大,CFRP布应变减小。建立的考虑弯-剪-扭复合受力作用的数值模拟方法可为后续研究复杂应力状态下CFRP布加固RC梁尺寸效应行为等奠定基础。

CFRP-聚合物砂浆加固震损构造柱约束砖砌体墙试验研究

为研究斜向碳纤维布条带或斜向聚合物砂浆条带与外覆角钢组合的加固方式对震后砌体结构的加固效果,对模拟经过地震作用的三面带构造柱约束砌体墙片进行抗震加固,并进行拟静力试验。三面砌体墙均采用角钢外覆加固,面层采用不同方式处理。研究结果表明:采用碳纤维布-聚合物砂浆条带的加固方式能很好地恢复震损墙体的承载能力和变形能力;碳纤维布条带在限制裂缝开展以及提高震损结构延性方面有一定贡献;面层采用斜向聚合物砂浆条带加固的震损墙体延性和承载力均较低。工程实际应用中,建议考虑两种材料的复合加固形式。

碳纤维板加固H型钢梁抗剥离夹具研制及应用试验

外贴碳纤维板是钢梁抗弯加固的常用方法,但其端部易因界面应力集中导致剥离破坏,严重影响高性能材料的有效利用,特别是结构加固后的安全服役.为此开发出一种适用于H型钢梁的简易夹具——C形槽板夹,以加强碳纤维板的端部锚固.通过多根带夹碳纤维板加固梁的静力加载试验,验证了此夹具的可靠性,并考察了碳纤维板伸入剪跨段长度与剪跨段长度之比及锚固方式(纯粘、端锚和混锚)对加固效果的影响.研究发现端锚加固不同于纯粘,只要梁的控制截面仍在夹具之间,碳纤维板的极限应力、加固效果及利用效率均随其长度缩短而提高,当碳纤维板长度分别为600、750 mm时,前者极限应变和承载力比后者分别高27.3%和8.1%.由于钢梁表面处理质量较差,混锚加固梁均发生突然剥离,后期退化为端锚加固梁,因而相比端锚加固梁加固效果改善不大,需要提高表面处理质量再做类似研究.尽管如此,相比纯粘加固梁,混锚加固梁采用C形槽板夹后剥离破坏被延迟,抗弯性能大为改善.试验过程中还用压电阻抗法对界面剥离情况进行了检测,结果符合实际.

CFRP及EWSS复合加固震损双层高架桥框架式桥墩恢复力模型研究

为研究碳纤维布(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)及外包型钢(Externally Wrapped Steel Section,EWSS)复合加固震损双层高架桥框架式桥墩的恢复力模型,对1榀原型对比试件、1榀无预损加固试件和2榀遭受不同地震损伤加固试件进行了低周往复加载破坏试验,获取了滞回曲线并提取骨架曲线,分析其滞回特性,提出一种弹性段和强化段为双折线、下降段为指数函数且考虑初始损伤的骨架曲线模型;采用试验数据回归拟合方法,定量描述了试件滞回曲线卸载刚度的退化规律,考虑了同级加载承载力退化和定点指向特征,建立了恢复力模型。研究结果表明:复合加固试件滞回曲线捏缩现象明显,呈倒S型,各滞回环分别相交于骨架曲线上正向、负向荷载为屈服荷载0.25倍的点,峰值荷载后EWSS产生包辛格效应;所提出的骨架曲线模型对中度震损和重度震损加固试件下降段指数函数的参数k建议取值分别为3.6和3.4;所建立的骨架曲线模型和恢复力模型计算结果与试验实测结果吻合较好,可为该类结构弹塑性地震反应分析提供依据。

CFRP板纵向加固RC柱在水平低周循环荷载下的力学性能研究与应用

开发了一种纵向粘贴CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,碳纤维增强复合材料)板的RC(Reinforced Concrete,钢筋混凝土)柱抗弯加固系统,该加固系统由纵向粘贴在柱表面的预制CFRP板和防止柱底CFRP板脱粘的混凝土加厚层组成.为研究纵向粘贴CFRP板对RC柱的抗弯性能影响,设计并开展了5根足尺矩形RC柱的水平低周循环加载试验.研究结果表明:粘贴CFRP板加固能有效延缓柱的开裂;柱的破坏模式得到明显改善;相较于未加固柱子,粘贴1层CFRP板和2层CFRP板加固的RC柱极限承载力分别提高了15.1%和17.4%;加固后柱的抗弯承载力和刚度得到提高,但增加CFRP板的层数对极限强度和刚度没有显著影响,反而会降低柱的延性,相较于仅采用增大柱底截面的方式加固的对照柱,粘贴1层CFRP板和2层CFRP板加固的试验柱的延性系数分别降低16.2%和35.1%;试验过程中,由于柱与基础节点承载力的限制,CFRP的最大应变仅达到极限应变的24%,抗拉强度未得到充分发挥.该加固方法已在某医院加固工程中得到应用,跟踪研究表明,加固后柱子的抗弯承载力有明显提升,加固方法得到工程业界的认可.

海藻酸钠/纳米蒙脱土纤维制备及其增强增韧机制

海藻纤维的断裂强度低、伸长率差一直是限制其广泛应用的主要原因。针对该问题,对海藻纤维进行改性,将纳米蒙脱土(MMT)与海藻酸钠共混制备纺丝原液,以CaCl_(2)为凝固浴,通过湿法纺丝法制备海藻酸纳/纳米蒙脱土纤维,借助透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪和热重分析仪等对其微观形貌及结构进行表征与分析,通过单纤维强力仪测试其断裂强度、断裂伸长率等物理力学性能及热稳定性,研究蒙脱土溶胀时间及添加量对其性能的影响。结果表明:当MMT溶胀120 h、质量分数为0.1%时,MMT在纺丝液中分布较为均匀;与纯海藻纤维的力学性能相比,改性后纤维的断裂强度由1.32 cN/dtex提高到3.01 cN/dtex,提高率高达228%;断裂伸长率由4.67%增加到10.07%,同时MMT的加入没有明显改变海藻纤维的化学结构与结晶结构,对纤维的热稳定性能有一定的提高。

响应面法纤维网格布强化混凝土配比设计

针对机轮磨耗、飞机尾喷等强外部作用对机场道面表层损坏严重的问题,提出采用纤维网格布对道面混凝土表层进行强化。为设计出最优配合比,以飞机尾喷和紫外线照射作为环境作用,采用响应面法设计耐磨耗试验和抗冻试验,对纤维网布尺寸、砂率和细度模数因素对强化混凝土耐磨耗和抗冻性能的影响进行分析,以此对混凝土配合比进行优化设计。结果表明:二次或三次模型拟合效果较好,模型较为显著;纤维网格布尺寸对强化混凝土性能影响最大,其次是细度模数,最后是砂率,尺寸和砂率、细度模数交互作用影响明显。当纤维网布尺寸为3 mm×3 mm,砂细度模数为2.8,砂率为0.28~0.31时,强化混凝土的性能最佳。

椰壳纤维加筋土遗址生态注浆材料的性能

为提升土遗址注浆料的力学性能,以椰壳纤维掺和糯米浆、烧料礓石以及黄土改性注浆料为研究对象,研究了椰壳纤维长度和掺量(质量分数)对土遗址注浆料流动性、收缩性、抗压强度和抗折强度的影响.结果表明:椰壳纤维的掺量和长度越大,浆体的流动性越低,而椰壳纤维的长度与浆体的收缩率无明显相关性;椰壳纤维良好的桥接能力可以有效提高浆体固化后的抗压强度、抗折强度和延性;椰壳纤维的长度和掺量均存在最优值,建议最优配比为纤维长度6 mm、掺量0.5%~0.6%,此时浆体固化后的抗压强度、抗折强度分别提升49.09%和32.08%;过多、过长的椰壳纤维易发生弯折、团聚,导致浆体的流动性和强度大幅降低.

预应力FRP网格加固空心板梁桥的病害修复效果分析

针对空心板梁桥存在的典型病害问题,采用预应力纤维增强复合材料(FRP)网格进行加固,通过数值模拟分析其对底板开裂及铰缝破损病害的修复效果,讨论了FRP网格种类、用量、布置方式等参数对桥梁承载性能的影响.结果表明:在底板开裂部位横向或纵向布置预应力FRP网格,均可有效控制底板开裂和梁体下挠;在跨中横向布置预应力FRP网格,可有效降低铰缝破损的不利影响;若两类病害均显著存在,可采用横向布置预应力FRP网格进行综合加固;在预应力水平与加固量相同的条件下,玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(BFRP)网格与碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)网格的加固效果基本相当.合理布置预应力FRP网格可有效改善空心板梁桥底板开裂和铰缝破损病害,有助于提升其长期受力性能.

UHPC中钢纤维的增强机理:一种新的断裂相场模型

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)是一种具有巨大潜力的复合材料。为了降低UHPC的成本并获得更好的性能,有必要研究钢纤维在UHPC中的增强机理,实践中也需要一个有效的数值模型来促进UHPC的应用。钢纤维从UHPC中拔出时会产生新的裂纹面,进而需要消耗更多的能量。基于此,推导了新裂纹及其裂纹表面能的公式,提出了一种考虑钢纤维与UHPC基体之间界面断裂能的断裂相场模型。利用该模型,对含钢纤维的三维UHPC试样进行了单轴拉伸数值模拟;开展对比实验验证了所提模型的正确性。结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。通过分析不同试样的新裂纹面与拉伸强度间的关系,发现UHPC的抗拉强度和残余强度随钢纤维体积含量的增加而增加,随钢纤维直径的增加而降低。进一步分析发现,UHPC的抗拉强度与钢纤维的侧表面积成正比。理论分析、数值模拟和实验表明,钢纤维在UHPC中的增强机理为:钢纤维的加入使UHPC基体与钢纤维在断裂过程中产生了一些新的裂纹,这些新裂纹消耗了更多的能量。本文研究工作可为UHPC的性能设计和开发有效的UHPC数值模型提供理论依据。

The Sensing Principle of FBG and Its Experimental Application in Structure Strengthening Detection

Based on the basic theory of the fiber Bragg grating sensor,a kind of stickup FBG sensor is developed,which is applied in the structure strengthening.With the experiment of the FBG senor and the common electricity sensor stuck on the reinforced structure,the result shows that the FBG sensor not only has a high performance,but also can realize the control on the spot and on the line.

Experimental study and analysis on fatigue stiffness of RC beams strengthened with CFRP and steel plate

The objective of this work is to investigate the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete(RC) beams strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) and steel plate. An experimental investigation and theoretical analysis were made on the law of deflection development and stiffness degradation, as well as the influence of fatigue load ranges. Test results indicate that the law of three-stage change under fatigue loading is followed by both midspan deflection and permanent deflection, which also have positive correlation with fatigue load amplitude. Fatigue stiffness of composite strengthened beams degrades gradually with the increasing of number of cycles. Based on the experimental results, a theoretical model by effective moment of inertia method is developed for calculating the sectional stiffness of such composite strengthened beams under fatigue loading, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Microstructural Changes of T1-6A1-4V Matrix by the Incorporation of Continuous SiC Fibers

在里面原文如此(f)/Ti-6AI-4V composites，到纤维的矩阵结束的微观结构与纤维更少材料的不同。微观结构观察证明好谷物的层被定位邻近纤维，和更多脱臼和差错在这个区域被发现。更高的再结晶成核率由于波形原文如此形成了纤维和在从温度引起了矩阵的微结构变化的制造冷却期间导致的热剩余应力。坚硬测量显示在纤维邻居的矩阵被加强，并且加强的效果与距离减少了离开纤维。

Study on Strengthening of RC Slabs with Different Innovative Techniques

This paper presents a focused study on using different methods to enhance the ultimate capacity of flexural behavior in RC slabs. Four RC specimens were casted with common compressive strength and reinforced with steel mesh. Specimens were strengthened with different methods such as usage of GFRP sheets, carbon fibers laminate strips and near surface mounted steel rebars. All specimens were subjected to two-point loading setup. Load was increased from zero to failure load. First crack was recorded and crack pattern was observed. The behavior of strengthened specimens was compared to that of the control specimen to judge the efficiency of the used techniques. Test results showed that the used techniques were effective in enhancing the behavior of the strengthened slabs by noteworthy values.

铁碳纤维人工水草对污染河湖微生物挂膜的影响

针对水体强化净化过程中碳纤维人工水草表面能低、微生物附着时间长、挂膜启动慢的问题,利用废铁和碳纤维水草组合构建了铁碳纤维人工水草(ICF),以重污染地表水为原水,在阶段曝气的条件下进行了强化挂膜实验研究。结果表明,与碳纤维人工水草相比,铁碳纤维人工水草上生物膜的附着性能显著提升,生物膜的挂膜率由125.1%增加至133.0%,形成生物膜的团簇结构尺寸明显更大。启动期末(21 d)生物膜胞外聚合物中多糖、蛋白及蛋白/多糖比,分别由53,71 mg/gVSS、1.33改变为39,106 mg/gVSS、2.71。铁碳材料对假单胞菌属细菌的富集和筛选,改善了细菌的运动能力,促进了细菌分泌胞外聚合物的行为,此外,微生物活性功能基因在ICF中高度表达,提升了铁碳纤维材料表面微生物附着性能。

3种加锚方式下2种碳纤维布加固钢筋砼梁抗剪承载力计算的比较

按照《碳纤维片材加固混凝土结构技术规程》与《混凝土结构加固设计规范》分别对胶锚或钢板锚、环形箍及自锁式、加织物压条一般式3种U形箍加锚方式加固后的梁斜截面承载力进行计算。结果发现,2种计算方式得出胶锚或钢板锚加锚方式的承载力增加值差异最小,加织物压条一般式的差异最大。2个工程抗剪加固应用算例的验证结果与计算结果一致。由此可知,在相同加固要求条件下,采用胶锚或钢板锚加锚方式的加固成本最低。