Fiber-Optic Sensors and Their Practical Research in the Internet of Things

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoT)technology,fiber-optic sensors,as a kind of high-precision and high-sensitivity measurement tool,are increasingly widely used in the field of IoT.This paper outlines the advantages of fiber-optic sensors over traditional sensors,such as high precision,strong resistance to electromagnetic interference,and long transmission distance.On this basis,the paper discusses the application scenarios of fiber-optic sensors in the Internet of Things,including environmental monitoring,intelligent industry,medical and health care,intelligent transportation,and other fields.It is hoped that this study can provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the further development of fiber-optic sensors in the field of the Internet of Things,as well as promote the innovation and application of IoT.

Dual-channel fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor with cascaded coaxial dual-waveguide D-type structure and microsphere structure

To address the restriction of fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensors in the field of multi-sample detection, a novel dual-channel fiber-optic SPR sensor based on the cascade of coaxial dual-waveguide D-type structure and microsphere structure is proposed in this paper. The fiber sidepolishing technique converts the coaxial dual-waveguide fiber into a D-type one, and the evanescent wave in the ring core leaks, generating a D-type sensing region;the fiber optic fused ball push technology converts the coaxial dual waveguides into microspheres, and the stimulated cladding mode evanescent wave leaks, producing the microsphere sensing region. By injecting light into the coaxial dual-waveguide middle core alone, the sensor can realize single-stage sensing in the microsphere sensing area;it can also realize dual-channel sensing in the D-type sensing area and microsphere sensing area by injecting light into the ring core. The refractive index measurement ranges for the two channels are 1.333–1.365 and 1.375–1.405, respectively, with detection sensitivities of 981.56 nm/RIU and 4138 nm/RIU. The sensor combines wavelength division multiplexing and space division multiplexing technologies, presenting a novel research concept for multi-channel fiber SPR sensors.

Recent advances in fiber-optic DNA biosensors

Fiber-optic DNA biosensors are a kind of ana-lytic setups, which convert the Waston-Crick base pairs matching duplex or Hoogsteen’s tri-plex (T/A-T, C/G-C) formation into a readable analytical signals when functionalized single- strands DNA (ssDNA) or double-strands DNA (dsDNA) of interest are immobilized on the sur-face of fiber-optic hybrids with target DNA or interacts with ligands. This review will provide the information about the fiber-optic DNA bio-sensors classified into two categories depend-ing on the end fiber and side fiber with or with-out the labels—label-free fiber-optic DNA bio-sensors and labeled fiber-optic DNA biosensor in recent years. Both are dissertated, and em-phasis is on the label-free fiber-optic DNA bio-sensors. Fiber-optic DNA biosensors had got great progresses because fiber-optic has more advantages over the other transducers and are easily processed by nanotechnology. So fiber- optic DNA biosensors have increasingly at-tracted more attention to research and develop the new fiber-optic DNA biosensors that inte-grated with the “nano-bio-info” technology for in vivo test, single molecular detection and on-line medical diagnosis. Finally, future pros-pects to the fiber-optic DNA biosensors are predicted.

华裔科学家陈志坚发现感知DNA免疫监控的cGAS-STING信号通路——2024年拉斯克奖基础医学研究奖

北京时间2024年9月19日,生物医学领域重要奖项拉斯克奖(The Lasker Award)揭晓,华人学者陈志坚博士(德克萨斯大学西南医学中心)因发现感知自身及外源DNA的环鸟嘌呤-腺嘌呤核苷酸合成酶[cyclic guanosine monophosphate(GMP)-adenosine monophosphate(AMP)synthase,cGAS],阐明了DNA如何刺激免疫和炎症反应的分子机制荣获基础医学研究奖。

DNA损伤效应主动监测的抗氧化基因缺失微生物传感器的构建及性能评价

目的活性氧基团(ROS)水平升高会引起生物体的DNA氧化损伤,监测DNA的氧化损伤程度,能够实现ROS损伤效应的有效评价。基于微生物传感器监测DNA损伤效应可以定量评价氧化损伤程度,但微生物本身具有的ROS清除机制,会影响监测灵敏度。本研究旨在敲除细菌ROS清除机制的关键基因,构建抗氧化基因缺失微生物传感器,实现对DNA损伤效应的灵敏监测,评价ROS对生物体的损伤效应。方法本研究基于λ-Red同源重组的方法敲除细菌抗氧化损伤相关基因ahpCF、katE与katG,构建抗氧化基因缺失微生物传感器,并评价传感器对萘啶酮酸钠和紫外照射的响应。结果成功构建ΔahpCF、ΔahpCF/ΔkatE与ΔahpCF/ΔkatE/ΔkatG三种抗氧化基因缺失的微生物传感器,工程菌ΔahpCF/ΔkatE/ΔkatG对DNA损伤试剂萘啶酮酸钠的响应灵敏度最高,检测限为0.40μmol/L,另外,1.80 min的紫外照射(254 nm)可诱导工程菌产生显著的荧光表达效应。结论本研究构建了抗氧化基因缺失微生物传感器,实现了对DNA损伤试剂和紫外照射等DNA损伤效应的主动灵敏监测,可为未来空间辐射效应的评价提供一种主动、有效、灵敏的潜在监测方法。

Experimental Measurements of the Sensitivity of Fiber-optic Bragg Grating Sensors with a Soft Polymeric Coating under Mechanical Loading,Thermal and Magnetic under Cryogenic Conditions

The strain and temperature sensing performance of fiber-optic Bragg gratings （FBGs） with soft polymeric coating, which can be used to sense internal strain in superconducting coils, are evaluated under variable cryogenic field and magnetic field. The response to a temperature and strain change of coated-soft polymeric FBGs is tested by comparing with those of coated-metal FBGs. The results indicate that the coated-soft polymeric FBGs can freely detect temperature and thermal strain, their At variable magnetic field, the tested results indicate accuracy and repeatability are also discussed in detail. that the cross-coupling effects of FBGs with different matrixes are not negligible to measure electromagnetic strain during fast excitation. The present results are expected to be able to provide basis measurements on the strain of pulsed superconducting magnet/cable （cable- around-conduit conductors, cable-in-conduit conductors）, independently or utilized together with other strain measurement methods.

Inspection of Complex Internal Surface Shape with Fiber-optic Sensor II: for Specular Tilted Surface Measurement

Complex surface shape measurement has been a focus topic in the CAD/CAM field. A popular method for measuring dimensional information is using a 3D coordinate measuring machine (CMM)with a touch trigger probe. The measurement set up with CMM, however, is a time consuming task and the accuracy of the measurement deteriorates as the speed of measurement increase. Non-contact measurement is favored since high speed measurement can be achieved and problems with vibration and friction can be eliminated. Although much research has been conducted in non-contact measurement using image capturing and processing schemes, accuracy is poor and measurement is limited. Some optical technologies developed provide a good accuracy but the dynamic range and versatility is very limited. A novel fiber-optic sensor used for the inspection of complex internal contours is presented in this paper, which is able to measure a surface shape in a non-contact manner with high accuracy and high speed, and is compact and flexible to be incorporated into a CMM. Modulation functions for tilted surface shape measurement, based on the Gaussian distribution of the emitting beam from single-mode fiber (SMF), were derived for specular reflection. The feasibility of the proposed measurement principle was verified by simulations.

Highly Sensitive Fiber-Optic Faraday-Effect Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Yttrium Iron Garnet

The principle and performance of a fiber-optic Faraday-effect magnetic-field sensor based on an yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and two flux concentrations are described. A single polarization-maintaining optical fiber links the sensor head to the source and detection system, in which the technique of phase shift cancellation is used to cancel the phase shift that accumulatein the optical fiber. Flux concentrators were exploited to enhance the YIG crystal magneto-optic sensitivity .The sensor system exhibited a noise-equivalent field of 8 pT/√Hz and a 3 dB bandwidth of ～10 MHz.

Measurement of Gamma-Rays Induced Luminescence Generated in a Sapphire Based Fiber-Optic Radiation Sensor

In this study, we fabricated a sapphire based fiber-optic radiation sensor. To evaluate the fiber- optic radiation sensor, we measured the spectrum and intensity of the luminescence generated from the fiber-optic radiation sensor according to the thickness of the PMMA block by irradiation of gamma rays emitted from a Co-60 source. And the result was compared with the value calculated from the formula of Lambert-Beer.

Ultrasonic sensitivity-improved fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer using a beam collimator and its application for ultrasonic imaging of seismic physical models

An ultrasonic sensitivity-improved fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer （FPI） is proposed and employed for ultra- sonic imaging of seismic physical models （SPMs）. The FPI comprises a flexible ultra-thin gold film and the end face of a graded-index multimode fiber （MMF）, both of which are enclosed in a ceramic tube. The MMF in a specified length can collimate the diverged light beam and compensate for the light loss inside the air cavity, leading to an increased spectral fringe visibility and thus a steeper spectral slope. By using the spectral sideband filtering technique, the collimated FP1 shows an improved ultrasonic response. Moreover, two-dimensional images of two SPMs are achieved in air by recon- structing the pulse-echo signals through using the time-of-flight approach. The proposed sensor with easy fabrication and compact size can be a good candidate for high-sensitivity and high-precision nondestructive testing of SPMs.

A nano-metallic-particles-based CMOS image sensor for DNA detection

In this paper we report on a study of the CMOS image sensor detection of DNA based on self-assembled nano- metallic particles, which are selectively deposited on the surface of the passive image sensor. The nano-metallic particles effectively block the optical radiation in the visible spectrum of ordinary light source. When such a technical method is applied to DNA detection, the requirement for a special UV light source in the most popular fluorescence is eliminated. The DNA detection methodology is tested on a CMOS sensor chip fabricated using a standard 0.5 gm CMOS process. It is demonstrated that the approach is highly selective to detecting even a signal-base mismatched DNA target with an extremely-low-concentration DNA sample down to 10 pM under an ordinary light source.

Optimization of DNA Staining Technology for Development of Autonomous Microbe Sensor for Injection Seawater Systems

Microbial activity in the water injection system in oil and gas industry leads to an array of challenges, including biofouling, injectivity loss, reservoir plugging, and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). An effective mitigation strategy requires online and real-time monitoring of microbial activity and growth in the system so that the operators can apply and adjust counter-measures quickly and properly. The previous study [1] identified DNA staining technology-with PicoGreen and SYBR Green dyes—as a very promising method for automated, online determination of microbial cell abundance in the vast Saudi Aramco injection seawater systems. This study evaluated DNA staining technology on detection limit, automation potential, and temperature stability for the construction of automated sensor prototype. DNA staining with SYBR Green dye was determined to be better suited for online and real-time monitoring of microbial activity in the Saudi Aramco seawater systems. SYBR Green staining does not require sample pre-treatment, and the fluorescence signal intensity is more stable at elevated temperatures up to 30℃. The lower detection limit of 2 × 103/ml was achieved under the optimized conditions, which is sufficient to detect microbial numbers in Saudi Aramco injection seawater. Finally, the requirements for design and construction of SYBR-based automated sensor prototype were determined.

Fabrication of an electrochemical sensor for determination of doxorubicin in human plasma and its interaction with DNA

In this work, an electrochemical sensor was fabricated for determination of an anthracycline, doxorubicin(DOX) as a chemotherapy drug in plasma based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified platinum electrode(Pt/MWCNTs). DOX was effectively accumulated on the surface of modified electrode and generated a pair of redox peaks at around 0.522 and 0.647 V(vs. Ag/Ag Cl) in Britton Robinson(B-R) buffer(p H 4.0, 0.1 M). The electrochemical parameters including p H, type of buffer, accumulation time, amount of modifier and scan rate were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, there was a linear correlation between cathodic peak current and concentration of DOX in the range of 0.05–4.0 μg/m L with the detection limit of 0.002 μg/m L. The number of electron transfers(n) and electron transfer-coefficient(α) were estimated as 2.0 and 0.25, respectively. The constructed sensor displayed excellent precision, sensitivity, repeatability and selectivity in the determination of DOX in plasma. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry studies of DOX in the presence of DNA showed an intercalation mechanism with binding constant(K_b) of 1.12×10~5L/mol.

Review of Fiber-optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing Technology

A distributed optical-fiber acoustic sensor is an acoustic sensor that uses the optical fiber itself as a photosensitive medium,and is based on Rayleigh backscattering in an optical fiber.The sensor is widely used in the safety monitoring of oil and gas pipelines,the classification of weak acoustic signals,defense,seismic prospecting,and other fields.In the field of seismic prospecting,distributed optical-fiber acoustic sensing(DAS)will gradually replace the use of the traditional geophone.The present paper mainly expounds the recent application of DAS,and summarizes recent research achievements of DAS in resource exploration,intrusion monitoring,pattern recognition,and other fields and various DAS system structures.It is found that the high-sensitivity and long-distance sensing capabilities of DAS play a role in the extensive monitoring applications of DAS in engineering.The future application and development of DAS technology are examined,with the hope of promoting the wider application of the DAS technology,which benefits engineering and society.

An ionic liquid supported CeO_2 nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes composite-enhanced electrochemical DNA-based sensor for the detection of Pb^(2+)

An electrochemical sensor incorporating a signal enhancement for the determination of lead （II） ions （Pb2＋） was designed on the basis of the thrombin-binding aptamer （TBA） as a molecular recog- nition element and ionic liquid supported cerium oxide （CeO2） nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes compo- site modification. The composite comprises nanoparticles CeO2, multi-waU carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） and hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquid （RTIL） 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate （EMIMBF4）. The electrochemical sensors were fabricated by immersing the CeOa-MWNTs-EMIMBF4 modified glassy carbon electrode （GCE） into the solution of TBA probe. In the presence of Pb2＋, the TBA probe could form stable G-quartet structure by the specific binding interactions between Pb2＋ and TBA. The TBA-bound Pb2＋ can be electrochemically reduced, which provides a readout signal for quantitative detection of Pb2＋. The reduction peak current is linearly related to the concentration of Pb2＋ from 1.0 ＊ 10-8 M to 1.0 ＊ 105 M with a detection limit of 5 ＊ 109 M. This work demonstrates that the CeOz-MWNTs-EMIMBF4 nanocomposite modified GCE provides a promising platform for immobi- lizing the TBA probe and enhancing the sensitivity of the DNA-based sensors.

家禽DNA模式识别受体研究进展

天然免疫系统在检测外来入侵物质和激发特异性免疫系统中发挥至关重要的作用,机体利用DNA模式识别受体(PRRs)识别入侵的DNA病毒或细菌的病原分子相关模式配体(PAMPs),与下游接头蛋白连接,引发干扰素、促炎细胞因子和其他抗病毒细胞因子,以此来保护机体免受相应病原体的侵害。其中,病原体释放到细胞中DNA是最主要的PAMPs。随着对DNA PRRs研究不断的深入,DNA PRRs介导天然免疫的机制已逐渐明朗。文章结合哺乳动物DNA PRR相关研究重点对家禽DNA PRRs(cGAS、IFI16、AIM2、DDX41、TLR21等)介导抗DNA病毒天然免疫的机制进行探讨,对于研究和开发新型抗病毒和抗菌药物具有显著意义,此外,也有助于深入研究哺乳动物天然免疫系统的演化历程和发展过程。

Laboratory investigations of the thermal strain of frozen soils,using fiber-optic strain gauges based on Bragg gratings

Measurements of the thermal deformations of frozen soil samples were performed in the cold laboratory in temperature range from 0°C to-12°C.Fiber Bragg Gratings strain and temperature sensors were used to measure the deformation and temperature inside the samples.A number of tests with the samples prepared from Kaolin and Cambrian clay saturated with fresh water,and prepared from fine and silt sand saturated with fresh or saline water,are performed.Thermal deformations of the samples are analyzed depending on the cyclic changes of their temperature.

Reflective Ladder Topology Network Based on White Light Fiber-Optic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

In order to improve the multiplexing capability of the optical sensors based on the lower interferential optic fiber sensing technology and the white light fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer,reflective ladder topology network ( RLT) with tailored formula was proposed. The topology network consists of 6 rungs sensing elements linked by 5 couplers. Two cases with different choices of couplers were contrasted: one is equal coupling ratio,and the other is tailored coupling ratio. Through the simulation of these two cases,the detailed multiplexing capability was analyzed,and accordingly the experiments were also carried out. The simulation results showed that,the tailored formula enhances the multiplexing capability of the structure. In the first case, the maximum number of sensors which can be multiplexed is 8,and in the other case is 12 fiber optic sensors. The experimental results have a good agreement with numerical simulation results. Thus,it is considered expedient to incorporate RLT into large-scale building,grounds,bridges,dams,tunnels,highways and perimeter security.

Directly immobilized DNA sensor for label-free detection of herpes virus

This paper reports the direct immobilization of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences of Herpes simplex virus (5’–AT CAC CGA CCC GGA GAG GGA C–3’) on the surface of DNA sensor by using the cyclic voltammetric method with the presence of pyrrole. The potential was scanned from –0.7 volt to + 0.6 volt, the scanning rate was at 100mV/s. This kind of DNA sensor was developed to detect Herpes virus DNA in real samples. The FTIR was applied to verify specific binding of DNA sequence and conducting polymer, the morphology of conducting polymer doped with DNA strands was investigated by using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The results showed that output signal given by coimmobilized DNA/PPy membrane sensor was better than that given by APTS immobilized membrane sensors. The sensor can detect as low as 2 nM of DNA target in real samples.

基于X型结构的DNA荧光传感器检测黄曲霉毒素B_(1)

设计一种X型结构的DNA荧光传感器体系用于高灵敏检测黄曲霉毒素B_(1)(AFB_(1))。在该体系中,用DNA1和DNA2构成了X型骨架并固定在磁珠上,以荧光基团标记的适配体链作为荧光探针(FAM-Apt),根据上清液中荧光信号强度的变化实现对AFB_(1)的快速检测。结果表明:当AFB_(1)不存在时,FAM-Apt可以与X型骨架的4条末端通过碱基互补配对形成双链,经过磁分离后吸取上清液进行检测得到较弱的背景信号;当AFB_(1)存在时,FAM-Apt优先与AFB_(1)结合,游离在上清液中,经过磁分离后得到较强的荧光信号;在最佳试验条件磁珠体积1.5μL、AFB_(1)孵育时间40 min、X型结构中FAM-Apt与X骨架浓度比为4∶1时,传感器的相对荧光强度与lg(ρ_(AFB_(1)))在0.05~100 ng/mL范围内存在良好的线性关系(R^(2)=0.99),检测限低至9 pg/mL。应用所设计的传感器对实际样品进行加标回收测试取得了较为满意的结果。