Fiber-reinforced Mechanism and Mechanical Performance of Composite Fibers Reinforced Concrete

To understand the enhancing effect and fiber-reinforced mechanism of composite fibers reinforced cement concrete, the influences of composite fibers on micro-cracks and the distribution of composite fibers were evaluated by optical electron micrometer(OEM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). Three kinds of fiber, such as polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, basalt fiber, and glass fiber, were used in the composite fibers reinforced cement concrete. The composite fibers could form a stable structure in concrete after the liquid-phase coupling treatment, gas-liquid double-effect treatment, and inert atmosphere drying. The mechanical properties of composite fibers reinforced concrete(CFRC) were studied by universal test machine(UTM). Moreover, the effect of composite fibers on concrete was analyzed based on the toughness index and residual strength index. The results demonstrated that the composite fibers could improve the mechanical properties of concrete, while the excessive amount of composite fibers had an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of concrete. The composite fibers could significantly improve the toughness index of CFRC, and the increment rate is more than 30%. The composite fibers could form a mesh structure, which could promote the stability of concrete and guarantee the excellent mechanical properties.

Peridynamic Modeling and Simulation of Fracture Process in Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

In this study,a peridynamic fiber-reinforced concrete model is developed based on the bond-based peridynamic model with rotation effect(BBPDR).The fibers are modelled by a semi-discrete method and distributed with random locations and angles in the concrete specimen,since the fiber content is low,and its scale is smaller than the concrete matrix.The interactions between fibers and concrete matrix are investigated by the improvement of the bond’s strength and stiffness.Also,the frictional effect between the fibers and the concrete matrix is considered,which is divided into static friction and slip friction.To validate the proposed model,several examples are simulated,including the tensile test and the three-point bending beam test.And the numerical results of the proposed model are compared with the experiments and other numerical models.The comparisons show that the proposed model is capable of simulating the fracture behavior of the fiber-reinforced concrete.After adding the fibers,the tensile strength,bending strength,and toughness of the fiber-reinforced concrete specimens are improved.Besides,the fibers distribution has an impact on the crack path,especially in the three-point bending beam test.

Anti-cracking Property of EVA-modified Polypropylene Fiber-reinforced Concrete Under Thermal-cooling Cycling Curing

In order to investigate the synergistic effect of re-dispersible powder-ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) and polypropylene fiber on the crack resistance of concrete under thermal fatigue loading, the compressive strength, ultimate tensile strength, ultimate tensile strain and tensile modulus of elasticity were tested. In addition, ultrasonic method and scanning electron microscope analysis were used to explain the microstructure mechanism. The results show that polypropylene fiberreinforced concrete presents a better performance on crack resistance than ordinary concrete, and the synergism of EVA and polypropylene fiber can improve the anti-cracking ability of concrete further.

Compressive Strength Estimation for the Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Confined Concrete Columns with Different Shapes Using Artificial Neural Networks

An evaluation of existing strength of concrete columns confined with fiber-reinforced polymer( FRP) was presented with extensive collection of experimental data. According to the evaluation results, artificial neural networks( ANNs) model to predict the ultimate strength of FRP confined column with different shapes was proposed. The models had seven inputs including the column length,the tensile strength of the FRP in the hoop direction,the total thickness of FRP,the diameter of the concrete specimen,the elastic modulus of FRP,the corner radius and the concrete compressive strength. The compressive strength of the confined concrete was the output data. The results reveal that the proposed models have good prediction and generalization capacity with acceptable errors.

Seismic strengthening of reinforced concrete columns damaged by rebar corrosion using combined CFRP and steel jacket

In order to study the effectiveness of combined carbon fiber-reinforced polymer （CFRP） sheets and steel jacket in strengthening the seismic performance of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete （RC） columns, twelve reinforced concrete columns are tested under combined lateral cyclic displacement excursions and constant axial load. The variables studied in this program include effects of corrosion degree of the rebars, level of axial load, the amount of CFRP sheets and steel jacket. The results indicate that the combined CFRP and steel jacket retrofitting technique is effective in improving load-carrying, ductility and energy absorption capacity of the columns. Compared with the corrosion-damaged RC column, the lateral load and the ductility factor of many strengthened columns increase more than 90% and 100%, respectively. The formulae for the calculation of the yielding load, the maximum lateral load and the displacement ductility factor of the strengthened columns under combined constant axial load and cyclically increasing lateral loading are developed. The test results are also compared with the results obtained from the proposed formulae. A good agreement between calculated values and experimental results is observed.

Experimental study on bond behavior between BFRP bars and seawater sea-sand concrete

Combining fiber reinforced polymer(FRP)with seawater sea-sand concrete(SSC)can solve the shortage of river sand that will be used for marine engineering construction.The bond performance of BFRP bars and SSC specimens is researched by pull-out test in this paper.The effects of the parameters,such as bar type,bar diameter,concrete type and stirrup restraint,are considered.It is beneficial to the bonding performance by the reduction of bar diameter.The utilization of seawater sea-sand has a low influence on the bond properties of concrete.The bond strength of BFRP is slightly lower than the steel rebar,but the difference is relatively small.The failure mode of the specimen can be changed and the interfacial bond stress can be improved by stirrups restraint.The bond-slip curves of BFRP ribbed rebar include micro slip stage,slip stage,descent stage and residual stage.The bond stress shows the cycle attenuation pattern of sine in the residual stage.In addition,the bond-slip model of BFRP and SSC is obtained according to the experimental results and related literature,while the predicted curve is also consistent well with the measured curve.

Experimental study on ductility improvement of reinforced concrete rectangular Columns retrofitted with a new fiber reinforced plastics method

Reinforced concrete （RC） columns lacking adequately detailed transverse reinforcement do not possess the necessary ductility to dissipate seismic energy during a major earthquake without severe strength degradation. In this paper, a new retrofit method, which utilized fiber-reinforced plastics （FRP） confinement mechanism and anchorage of embedded bars, was developed aiming to retrofit non-ductile large RC rectangular columns to prevent the damage of the plastic hinges. Carbon FRP （CFRP） sheets and glass FRP （GFRP） bars were used in this test, and five scaled RC columns were tested to examine the function of this new method for improving the ductility of columns. Responses of columns were examined before and after being retrofitted. Test results indicate that this new composite method can be very effective to improve the anti-seismic behavior of non-ductile RC columns compared with normal CFRP sheets retrofitted column.

Experimental Investigation on the Properties of Recycled Concrete Using Hybrid Fibers

Due to the inherent property of concrete being very weak in tension, efforts have been made to overcome this deficiency by adding various type of fibers like carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), polypropylene fiber (PPF) and stainlesssteel fiber (SSF) smeared into the concrete mix. The present study involves experimental investigation on the use of GFRP, CFRP and SSF fibers alone or as combination to improve the mechanical properties of concrete. Furthermore, concrete cylinders were cast and tested for compression and tension using 10% fly ash as cement replacement in all specimens. Besides fiber material types, fiber reinforcement ratios of 1% and 1.5% were tested to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete. In all concrete cylinder tests, the fiber reinforcement ratio of 1% had a significant contribution in increasing the tensile strength as oppose to compressive strength. As a result, the tensile and compressive strengths were increased by 26% and 11%, respectively as compared to the control specimen. Increasing the fiber reinforcement ratio from 1% to 1.5%, resulted in diminishing the mechanical properties of concrete. However, reduction in concrete compressive strength was more prominent than the tensile strength. Furthermore, it was observed that, the crack propagation was decreased with the increase of fiber content when compared to the control specimen.

Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Elevated Temperature

Apart from many advantages,High Strength Concrete(HSC)has disadvantages in terms of brittleness and poor resistance to fire.Various studies suggest that when polypropylene(PP)fibers are uniformly distributed within concrete,they play an active role in improving spalling resistance of concrete when exposed to elevated temperature while having no adverse effect on its mechanical properties.Therefore,there is a necessity to quantify the effect of the addition of polypropylene fibers in terms of the fiber dosage,the strength of the concrete,and the residual mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced concrete under exposure to high temperature from fire.The study was carried out on three water/cement(w/c)ratios(0.47,0.36&0.20)using granite aggregate for determining short term mechanical properties of Polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete in comparison to control mix.The experimental program includes 100×200 mm&150 x 300 mm cylinders with fiber volume of 0.5%,that were subjected to temperatures exposures of 400°C and 600°C for durations of 1 hour.From the results,it was observed that no significant enhancement in mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity,Poisson’s ratio,split tensile strength,flexural strength,and compressive strength was observed at room temperature and at elevated temperatures.

FRC连梁联肢剪力墙数值模拟及设计方法

运用有限元软件ABAQUS建立剪力墙数值模型,分别对2个对称双肢剪力墙试件和2个塑性铰区采用纤维增强混凝土(FRC)的悬臂剪力墙试件在低周反复荷载作用下的抗震性能进行数值计算,计算结果与试验结果比较吻合,表明该模型可较准确地分析FRC连梁联肢剪力墙构件在低周反复荷载作用下的抗震性能。利用所建立的数值模型,讨论了联肢墙中用FRC连梁替代普通混凝土连梁的优越性,并探讨了耦合率对FRC连梁联肢剪力墙抗震性能的影响。结果表明,用FRC替代普通混凝土作为连梁基体,可以显著提高联肢剪力墙结构的耗能能力和延性,增大其初始刚度,减缓刚度退化程度;随着联肢剪力墙耦合率的增加,联肢剪力墙的刚度和承载力提高,但当耦合率过大时,形成强连梁体系,结构的延性和耗能能力将显著下降。

翼缘宽度对预期损伤部位采用FRC增强的梁柱组合件破坏机制影响的试验研究及数值模拟

为研究现浇板翼缘宽度和纤维增强混凝土(FRC)材料对框架结构破坏机制的影响,设计制作一组纵梁腹板两侧各6倍和8倍板厚翼缘宽度,且带有横交梁的梁柱组合件,试件的预期损伤部位采用FRC材料,柱梁抗弯承载力比分别取1.2和1.4;对试件进行拟静力试验,考察试件的破坏过程和破坏形态,分析其破坏机制和翼缘板内钢筋的应变分布,研究试件的变形和耗能能力、强度和刚度退化等抗震性能。在试验研究基础上,对试件原型破坏过程进行数值模拟,并进行了参数分析。结果表明,预期损伤部位范围内的梁、柱和板采用FRC材料,在一定程度上可以减小板对梁抗弯承载力影响的范围,易于实现"强柱弱梁"的破坏机制;考虑8倍板厚翼缘宽度的梁柱组合件更易于实现"强柱弱梁"的破坏机制,并且能显著降低其强度退化系数,提高其耗能能力。

预期损伤部位采用FRC增强梁柱板组合件的力-位移模型

将纤维增强混凝土(FRC)增强的梁柱板组合件的变形分解为节点变形、梁变形和柱变形引起的变形之和,通过贝叶斯参数估计方法建立了节点核心区剪应力-剪切变形模型;采用力学分析,建立了梁端与柱端的弯矩-曲率模型,由此建立了预期损伤部位采用FRC增强的梁柱板组合件的力-位移模型。结果表明:采用该文建立的力-位移模型的分析结果与试验结果符合较好;柱梁抗弯承载力比从1.1增大到1.6时,峰值荷载下总变形中节点变形的比率平均下降了37.4%,而梁变形比率平均增加了58.8%;相对于考虑6倍板厚翼缘宽度,考虑8倍板厚翼缘宽度更能有效控制节点变形,其峰值荷载下总变形中节点变形的比率平均下降了33.4%,而梁变形比率平均增加了42.9%。

预期损伤部位采用FRC框架结构的屈服机制及抗震性能

为了对钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构的地震破坏机制和抗震性能进行控制,将纤维增强混凝土(FRC)用于框架结构的预期损伤部位.采用有限元软件ABAQUS对RC框架结构和预期损伤部位采用FRC的框架结构进行弹塑性时程分析,研究预期损伤部位采用FRC框架结构的地震破坏机制和抗震性能.结果表明,FRC框架结构能够推迟结构柱铰的出现,有助于框架结构形成整体破坏机制;FRC框架有良好的变形能力,对变形控制能力优于RC框架;其塑性耗能能力大于RC框架结构.

地铁隧道带螺栓纤维混凝土锚槽的拉伸及剪切性能分析

随着纤维混凝土(Fibre Reinforced Concrete, FRC)等新型混凝土在地铁隧道的应用,现有紧固件设计方法并不适用于带螺栓的纤维混凝土锚槽.通过剪切试验和拉伸试验,对比研究了地铁隧道普通混凝土和FRC中的锚槽-螺栓系统的力学性能.结果表明,与普通混凝土相比,浇筑在纤维增强混凝土中的锚槽-螺栓系统具有更高的极限承载力和极限位移,试件承载能力及延性得到显著提高,地铁管片试件从脆性的混凝土断裂过渡为更有延性的刚性破坏.

FRC对角斜筋小跨高比连梁受力状态模拟

纤维增强混凝土(FRC)具有受拉应变-硬化和多细微裂缝开展特性,替代普通混凝土作为对角斜筋小跨高比连梁基体可减少连梁箍筋数量,增大连梁的受剪承载力、变形能力和损伤容限。根据FRC小跨高比对角斜筋连梁的受力特征,考虑FRC受拉应变硬化特性,在合理假定基础上,利用拉-压杆模型,提出用于模拟FRC对角斜筋小跨高比连梁力-位移骨架曲线的非线性力-位移理论模型。该模型由对角斜向FRC压杆和拉杆以及对角斜向钢筋压杆和拉杆组成,箍筋对连梁的延性贡献由FRC受压本构体现。将理论计算结果与试验结果进行比较,结果表明:提出的非线性力-位移理论模型可较好地反映跨高比不大于1.5的FRC对角斜筋小跨高比连梁在低周反复荷载作用下的力与位移关系。

FRC框架结构的损伤程度控制及性能评估

为研究纤维增强混凝土(FRC)框架结构体系预期损伤部位的损伤程度控制和性能评估方法,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对该框架结构模型进行动力时程分析。针对该结构体系,研究其各种性能水准极限状态的定性描述和量化方法,并进行结构抗震性能评估。研究结果显示,预期损伤部位采用FRC材料,可以减小RC框架结构的层间残余侧移角、柱端截面最大转角和柱截面最大残余转角,可以控制整体结构和构件的损伤程度。给出FRC框架结构在不同性能水准下分别以柱截面转角、层间侧移角和层间残余侧移角为性能指标的限值。综合考虑FRC材料的特性和仿真结果的分析,建议选用层间残余侧移角进行性能评估更为合理。考虑8倍板厚翼缘宽度,柱梁抗弯承载力比达到1.2,FRC框架结构在8度设防烈度对应的地震作用下可达到性能等级D。

Behavior of steel fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete at medium strain rate

Impact compression experiments for the steel fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete(SFRHSC)at medium strain rate were conducted using the split Hopkinson press bar(SHPB)testing method.The volume fractions of steel fibers of SFRHSC were between 0 and 3%.The experimental results showed that,when the strain rate increased from threshold value to 90 s^(-1),the maximum stress of SFRHSC increased about 30%,the elastic modulus of SFRHSC increased about 50%,and the increase in the peak strain of SFRHSC was 2-3 times of that in the matrix specimen.The strength and toughness of the matrix were improved remarkably because of the superposition effect of the aggregate high-strength matrix and steel fiber high-strength matrix.As a result,under impact loading,cracks developed in the SFRHSC specimen,but the overall shape of the specimen remained virtually unchanged.However,under similar impact loading,the matrix specimens were almost broken into small pieces.

Shear behavior of ultra-high-performance concrete beams prestressed with external carbon fiber-reinforced polymer tendons

The ultra-high-performance concrete(UHPC)and fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP)are well-accepted high-performance materials in the field of civil engineering.The combination of these advanced materials could contribute to improvement of structural performance and corrosion resistance.Unfortunately,only limited studies are available for shear behavior of UHPC beams reinforced with FRP bars,and few suggestions exist for prediction methods for shear capacity.This paper presents an experimental investigation on the shear behavior of UHPC beams reinforced with glass FRP(GFRP)and prestressed with external carbon FRP(CFRP)tendons.The failure mode of all specimens with various shear span to depth ratios from 1.7 to 4.5 was diagonal tension failure.The shear span to depth ratio had a significant influence on the shear capacity,and the effective prestressing stress affected the crack propagation.The experimental results were then applied to evaluate the equations given in different codes/recommendations for FRPreinforced concrete structures or UHPC structures.The comparison results indicate that NF P 18-710 and JSCE CES82 could appropriately estimate shear capacity of the slender specimens with a shear span to depth ratio of 4.5.Further,a new shear design equation was proposed to take into account the effect of the shear span to depth ratio and the steel fiber content on shear capacity.

Flexural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)under Hygrothermal Environment Considering the Influence of CFRP-Concrete Interface

As an important component,the bond behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer(CFRP)-concrete interface for a reinforced concrete(RC)beam is very significant.In this study,a theoretical model was established to analyze the flexural behavior of CFRP-strengthened RC beams,and the CFRP-concrete interfacial bond-slip relationship under hygrothermal environment was unified into one model.Two failure criteria corresponding to two types of failure modes,i.e.,concrete crushing and intermediate crack(IC)-induced debonding,were developed.Through the theoretical model,the flexural behavior of deflection,interfacial shear stress distribution and ultimate load of a CFRP-strengthened RC beam under hygrothermal environment were obtained and predicted.Moreover,the theoretical model was verified by test results.The results showed that the hygrothermal environment had a significant impact on the CFRP-concrete interface behavior.Compared with the control beam without hygrothermal environment pretreatment,the deflection and ultimate load of the strengthened RC beam decreased by 51.9%and 20%,respectively.

Fresh and hardened properties of high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete containing fly ash and rice husk ash:Influence of fiber type and content

Although fibers are used only infrequently as an additive in concrete in the construction industry,fiberenhanced concrete is known to provide a wide range of advantages over conventional concrete.The main objective of this study was to investigate the influences of fiber type and content on the mechanical properties and durability of highperformance fiber-reinforced concrete(HPFRC)designed using a novel densified mixture design algorithm with fly ash and rice husk ash.Three types of fiber,including polypropylene(PP)fiber,steel fiber(SF),and hybrid fiber(HF),were considered.Based on the results,the inclusion of fibers decreased HPFRC flowability,regardless of fiber type.Although the compressive strength of HPFRC with 1.6%PP fiber content was 11.2%below that of the reference HPFRC specimen at 91 d of curing age,the 91-d compressive strengths of both SF and HF-enhanced HPFRC specimens were significantly better than that of the reference HPFRC specimen.Furthermore,the HPFRC specimens incorporating SF and HF both exhibited better splitting tensile and flexural strengths as well as less drying shrinkage than the HPFRC specimens incorporating PP fiber.However,the fiber-enhanced specimens,especially those with added SF,registered less surface electrical resistivity and greater vulnerability to chloride ion penetration than the reference HPFRC specimen.