On the Role of Chemical Potential in Determining the Temperature Dependent Critical Magnetic Field and the Penetration Depth of Superconductors

Dealing with both elemental and high-Tc superconductors (SCs) - Sn, Nb and Pb belonging to the former category, and MgB2 and different samples of YBCO to the latter - we show that the difference in the values of their critical magnetic field Hc1,c2 and the penetration depth λL(0) is, remarkably, attributable predominantly to the difference in the values of a single parameter, viz., the chemical potential (μ) close to their critical temperatures (Tcs). Based directly on the dynamics of pairing in a magnetic field and the corresponding number equation, our approach relates Hc1,c2 of an SC with the following set of its properties: S1 = {μ, Tc, Debye temperature, effective mass of the electron, magnetic interaction parameter, Landau index}. Hence, it provides an alternative to the approach followed by Talantsev [Mod. Phys. Lett. B 33, 1950195 (2019)] who has shown by ingeniously combining the results of various well-established theories that Hc2 of an SC can be calculated via four different equations, each of which invokes two or more properties from its sample-specific set S2 = {Tc, gap, coherence length, λL(0), jump in sp. ht.}, which is radically different from S1.

Speckle structured illumination endoscopy with enhanced resolution at wide field of view and depth of field

Structured illumination microscopy(SIM)is one of the most widely applied wide field super resolution imaging techniques with high temporal resolution and low phototoxicity.The spatial resolution of SIM is typically limited to two times of the diffraction limit and the depth of field is small.In this work,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a low cost,easy to implement,novel technique called speckle structured illumination endoscopy(SSIE)to enhance the resolution of a wide field endoscope with large depth of field.Here,speckle patterns are used to excite objects on the sample which is then followed by a blind-SIM algorithm for super resolution image reconstruction.Our approach is insensitive to the 3D morphology of the specimen,or the deformation of illuminations used.It greatly simplifies the experimental setup as there are no calibration protocols and no stringent control of illumination patterns nor focusing optics.We demonstrate that the SSIE can enhance the resolution 2–4.5 times that of a standard white light endoscopic(WLE)system.The SSIE presents a unique route to super resolution in endoscopic imaging at wide field of view and depth of field,which might be beneficial to the practice of clinical endoscopy.

An apodized cubic phase mask used in a wavefront coding system to extend the depth of field

The point spread function(PSF)caused by a wavefront coding system with a cubic phase mask has big side-lobes which leads to bad image restoration.This paper proposes a novel apodized cubic phase mask to suppress the side-lobes of the PSF.Simulated annealing algorithm is used to optimize the cubic and the truncation parameter of the phase mask.The system with the novel phase mask has better performance in the modulation transfer function(MTF)especially in low-and-medium spatial frequency region.The simulation results show that the restored images with the novel phase mask are superior to the one with the classic cubic phase mask in contrast and ringing effect.The experimental results show that the side-lobes of the PSF are suppressed by using the apodized cubic phase mask.

Experimental Detection of Depth of Field for a Thermal Light Lensless Ghost Imaging System

We propose optical experiments to study the depth of field for a thermal light lensless ghost imaging system. It is proved that the diaphragm is an important factor to influence the depth of field, and the ghost images of two detected objects with longitudinal distance less than the depth of field can be achieved simultaneously. The longitudinal coherence scale of the thermal light lensless ghost imaging determines the depth of field. Theoretical analysis can well explain the experimental results.

位场数据解释的Theta-Depth法

Theta图是利用位场(重磁)数据识别边界的常用方法,其表达式为重磁异常水平变化与垂直变化的比值函数.该方法计算浅源地质体边界的效果较好,而由于深源位场数据在换算过程中会产生趋同效应,在深源地质体识别应用中计算结果不准确,为此,本文提出Theta-Depth法并进行地质体埋深的计算.首先给出直接利用Theta图像进行场源体深度估算的方法,然后推导出基于Theta导数的线性方程来自动估算场源位置参数,本文方法可有效地利用Theta图像的特征为约束条件来提高反演结果的精度.理论模型试验证明本文提出的Theta-Depth法能有效地计算出场源体位置和深度.将该方法应用于满都拉地区实测磁数据的解释,帮助圈定了矿脉的分布.

考虑趋肤效应的磁致伸缩位移传感器输出特性

针对磁致伸缩位移传感器检测精度偏低的问题,文中提出了一种考虑趋肤效应的磁致伸缩位移传感器输出电压计算模型。在阐述磁致伸缩位移传感器工作原理的基础上分析了趋肤深度的影响,并考虑在威德曼效应和压磁效应的作用下进行理论分析。通过激励脉冲信号作用在波导丝上产生的趋肤深度,对激励脉冲电流在不同频率下作用在波导丝时与磁致伸缩位移传感器输出电压的关系进行仿真。采用搭建的实验平台进行验证,得出了激励脉冲电流频率的最佳参数值。仿真实验验证了考虑趋肤效应作用下磁致伸缩位移传感器输出电压模型的正确性,进一步提高了磁致伸缩位移传感器的检测精度并丰富了其数学模型。

Pressure and velocity cross-spectrum of normal modes in low-frequency acoustic vector field of shallow water and its application

The pressure and horizontal particle velocity combined descriptions in the very low frequency acoustic field of shallow wa- ter integrated with the concept of effective depth of Pekeris wave- guide is proposed, especially the active component of the pressure and horizontal particle velocity cross-spectrum, also called ho- rizontal complex cross acoustic intensity, when only two normal modes are trapped in the waveguide. Both the approximate theo- retic analysis and the numerical results show that the sign of the horizontal complex cross acoustic intensity active component is independent of the range when vertically deployed receiving dual sensors are placed in appropriate depths, the sum of which is equal to the waveguide effective depth, so it can be used to tell whether the sound source is near the surface or underwater; while the range rate is expected to be measured by utilizing the sign distribution characteristic of the reactive component. The further robustness analysis of the depth classification algorithm shows that the existence of shear waves in semi infinite basement and the change of acoustic velocity profiles have few effects on the application of this method, and the seabed attenuation will limit the detection range, but the algorithm still has a good robustness in the valid detection range.

Tilt-depth方法适用性研究及其应用

Tilt-depth方法是一种可以快速反演磁源上顶深度的新兴方法。二维、三维模型试验表明,tiltdepth法反演误差与地质体的上顶埋深、厚度及水平尺度均有关,同时叠加异常也会对反演结果产生影响。实例中,将tilt-depth法应用于广东省下庄矿田航磁数据反演中,tilt梯度图上展示出了两条明显的近东西走向条带异常,推断为浅部基性辉绿岩脉在深部汇聚形成,并反演了两条高磁异常带上11个位置的磁源上顶埋深。反演结果揭示了下庄矿区内北侧高磁性体深度较浅,且具有南浅北深的构造特征,而南侧高磁性体规模较大,且埋深较厚,为该区深部矿产勘查提供了有利依据。

Spatio-temporal variation of the stress field in the Wenchuan aftershock region

Focal mechanism solutions and centroid depths of 312 M≥4 aftershocks from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence have been derived by CAP （Cut and Paste） method from broadband waveform data with relatively high signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）. Following this, we have analyzed the distribution of focal depths and the stress tensors, as well as the types of focal mechanisms. The major results are： （1） different cross-sections show that the depth ranges of the aftershocks at the southern and northern ends of the aftershock area along the Longmenshan fault zone are wider than those on the central segment, where rare M≥4 aftershocks occurred at depths shallower than 10 kin. The main faults trend to the NW on the southern and central segments, and for the northern segment, no dominant trend direction has been determined; （2） stress tensor distribution demonstrates that the majority of the aftershock areas on the cross-section along the major axis are mainly under compressive stress perpendicular to the profile; however, for the areas near Lixian, Beichuan, Qingchuan and the shallow parts of its northern segment, large principal stress components are parallel to the major axis profile direction. On the cross-sections perpendicular to the major axis, the three areas above can be divided into two parts： one with dominantly compressional stress near the major faults of the Longmenshan fault zone on the SE side, and the other with NE-direction push along the fault zone on the NW side; （3） the stress tensor distribution in map view is very similar to those on the vertical cross-sections. In map view, the orientation of the principal compressional stress axis $1 on the central segment of the aftershock area presents an SE-trending arc shape; （4） the stress tensor slices at different depths show that the orientation of S1 axis mainly changes on the central segment and at the northern end, indicating that the two segments have different seismogenic structures at different depths; （5） with the exception of the northern end of the aftershock region, the orientation of the $1 axis changes little during the early and late stages, illustrating the seismogenic structures are relatively stable; （6） preliminary analyses for the seismogenic structures at the northern end indicated that deeper strike-slip quakes occurred on the ENE-striking branch at first, and then the NNE-striking branch faults at the northern end were activated and generated a series of relatively shallow strike-slip earthquakes due to subsequent stress-triggering; （7） the aftershock triggering mechanism that occurred near Lixian is different between the shallow and deep depths, and between the early and late stages, indicating that the main faults and the branch faults responsible for aftershocks are at different depths. Consequently, the relaxation effect of the main shock particularIy impacts the branch faults.

Analysis of Penetration Depth of Pipeline on Cohesive Soil Seabed

This paper conducts laboratory tests to investigate detailedly the soil deformation law around the pipeline and its penetration depth under self-gravity. The seabed model is prepared by consolidating saturated soil using vacuum pressure technology, and the pipeline models are specifically designed to possess different radii. Based on the experimental results and digital images, the soil deformation process is analyzed and summarized, a kinematic admissible velocity field is given and an upper bound solution of pipeline penetration depth and soil reaction force is derived and proposed in this paper. In order to verify the accuracy of the upper bound solution deduced in this paper,a comparison is made among some published results and the solution suggested in this paper, the comparison results confirm that the upper bound solution and the soil failure mode are reasonable. Finally two empirical formulas are given in this paper to estimate the soil reaction force of seabed and the penetration depth of pipeline. The empirical formulas are in agreement with the upper bound solution derived in this paper, and the conclusion of this paper could provide some theoretical reference for the further study of the interaction between the pipeline and the soil.

Light Field Flow Estimation Based on Occlusion Detection

Light field cameras have a wide area of applications, such as digital refocusing, scene depth information extraction and 3-D image reconstruction. By recording the energy and direction information of light field, they can well solve many technical problems that cannot be done by conventional cameras. An important feature of light field cameras is that a microlens array is inserted between the sensor and main lens, through which a series of sub-aperture images of different perspectives are formed. Based on this feature and the full-focus image acquisition technique, we propose a light-field optical flow calculation algorithm, which involves both the depth estimation and the occlusion detection and guarantees the edge-preserving property. This algorithm consists of three steps: 1) Computing the dense optical flow field among a group of sub-aperture images;2) Obtaining a robust depth-estimation by initializing the light-filed optical flow using the linear regression approach and detecting occluded areas using the consistency;3) Computing an improved light-field depth map by using the edge-preserving algorithm to realize interpolation optimization. The reliability and high accuracy of the proposed approach is validated by experimental results.

C70600白铜空心锭立式连铸工艺参数对凝固过程的影响

为了获得Ф260×Ф80 C70600白铜空心锭立式连铸合理的工艺参数,通过数值模拟定量分析了各种工艺参数对温度场和应力场的影响。结果表明:浇铸温度每提高20℃,液穴深度增加10 mm;拉坯速度每提高10 mm/min,液穴深度增加20 mm;液穴深度随着石墨芯管冷却强度的增大而减小。基于正交试验和方差分析发现,F_(A)>F_(0.01)(3,3),F_(B)>F_(D)>F_(0.1)(3,3),F_(C)<F_(0.1)(3,3),因此,拉坯速度对液穴深度的影响最显著,一冷强度对其影响不显著。根据模拟结果提出了合理工艺参数为:一冷强度24 m^(3)/h、拉坯速度80 mm/min、浇铸温度1280℃、芯管采用空冷。在此基础上成功试制出了合格的C70600白铜空心锭成品。

Light Field Virtual View Rendering Based on EPI-Representations

Image-Based Rendering （IBR） is one powerful approach for generating virtual views. It can provide convincing animations without an explicit geometric representation. In this paper, several implementations of light field rendering are summa- rized from prior arts. Several characteristics, such as the regu- lar pattern in Epipolar Plane Images （EPIs）, of light field are explored with detail under 1D parallel camera arrangement. It is proved that it is quite efficient to synthesize virtual views for Super Multi-View （SMV） application, which is in the third phase of Free- Viewpoint Television （FTV）. In comparison with convolutional stereo matching method, in which the inter- mediate view is synthesized by the two adjacent views, light field rendering makes use of more views supplied to get the high-quality views.

岩浆通道成矿核心内涵“两深一浅一通道”及其找矿意义

岩浆通道成矿模型的建立深刻改变了岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床成因研究的范式,成为该领域的研究前沿,而且已经成功地应用于找矿勘查中。该模型揭示了硫化物熔离与聚集成矿在空间上的不一致性以及成矿与相关玄武岩铂族元素强烈亏损的成因联系,很好地解释了为什么很多含矿岩体围岩贫硫化物的现象。笔者将该模型的核心内涵概括为“两深一浅一通道”,“两深”指成矿物质来源于地幔、硫化物熔离发生在深部,“一浅”指硫化物的聚集成矿主要发生在较浅的岩浆房,“一通道”指较稳定的岩浆通道更有利于成大矿。结合对典型矿床和成矿带的分析,笔者提出侵位较浅的、规模相对较大的岩体,其成矿潜力好于深部的岩浆通道相。因此,认为地表矿化并不是唯一可靠的、甚至不能作为最重要的找矿标志,要提高找矿效率(特别是隐伏矿床),首先要全面分析成矿带岩浆通道系统在不同区域的埋藏、剥蚀和暴露状况,目标岩体地质产状及其与围岩时代差异等宏观地质要素,查明深部通道相与浅部岩体空间分布和形成深度的差异,在此基础上,判断浅部岩体的位置、合理部署重点勘查区域、选择有效的勘查技术、定位目标岩体,进行钻探验证。

基于格拉姆角场和深度残差网络的变压器绕组松动故障诊断模型

针对变压器绕组松动故障诊断中特征量难以选取,依赖人工经验的问题,提出了一种基于自动编码器降噪,格拉姆角场(GAF)和深度残差网络(ResNet)进行识别的变压器绕组松动诊断方法。该方法直接从GAF图像中自动学习有效的故障特征,不需要手动提取特征量。首先,将振动信号经过自动编码器进行降噪,获得信噪比更高的振动信号。然后,采用GAF方法将振动信号转化为二维图像,生成图像数据集,在此基础上训练ResNet,构建适用于变压器绕组松动故障分类识别的网络模型。最后,搭建变压器绕组松动故障试验平台,采集绕组在不同松动和试验电流下的振动信号并进行分析。试验结果表明,所提诊断方法对变压器绕组松动识别准确率达95%以上,能够有效识别松动相和松动程度,适用于变压器绕组松动故障的识别和诊断。

基于校正遮挡感知的光场深度估计

光场图像能够同时记录空间中不同位置和方向的光线信息,为估计精确的深度图提供了丰富的信息。然而在遮挡和重复纹理等复杂场景下,提取图像特征不足会导致深度图的细节丢失。本文提出了一种基于校正卷积的光场深度估计网络,充分利用光场图像丰富的结构信息以改善遮挡等复杂区域的深度估计。利用初始视差图和子孔径图像生成遮挡掩膜,采用校正卷积判别和编码遮挡区域的空间信息以感知遮挡区域,结合多尺度特征以补充易丢失的边缘细节信息。通过空间注意力机制给予遮挡区域更大权重,消除冗余信息并全局优化亚像素代价体。实验结果表明,该方法在4D光场基准平台上的平均MSE和BadPix(ε=0.03)分别达到了0.951和4.261,在大部分场景下能实现最小误差的深度估计,对遮挡区域表现出较高的鲁棒性并优于其他算法。

基于子光场遮挡融合的无监督光场深度估计

光场深度估计是光场处理和应用领域的重要科学问题。然而,现有研究忽略了光场视图间的几何遮挡关系。本文通过对不同视图间遮挡的分析,提出了一种基于子光场遮挡融合的无监督光场深度估计方法。该方法首先采用一种有效的子光场划分机制来考虑不同角度位置处的深度关系,具体是将光场子孔径阵列的主副对角线上的视图按左上、右上、左下、右下分为四个子光场。然后,利用空间金字塔池化特征提取和U-Net网络来估计子光场深度。最后,设计了一种遮挡融合策略来融合所有子光场深度以得到最终深度,该策略对在遮挡区域具有更高精度的子光场深度图赋予更大的权重,从而减小遮挡影响。此外,引入了加权空间一致性损失和角度一致性损失以约束网络训练并增强鲁棒性。实验结果表明,所提出方法在定量指标和定性比较上展现出了良好的性能。

High performance hardware architecture for depth measurement by using binocular-camera

High performance hardware architecture for depth measurement by using binocular-camera is proposed.In the system,at first,video streams of the target are captured by left and right charge-coupled device(CCD)cameras to obtain an image including the target.Then,two different images with two different view points are obtained,and they are used in calculating the position deviation of the image's pixels based on triangular measurement.Finally,the three-dimensional coordinate of the object is reconstructed.All the video data is processed by using field-programmable gate array(FPGA)in real-time.Hardware implementation speeds up the performance and reduces the power,thus,this hardware architecture can be applied in the portable environment.

基于MTF-ResDSCNN二维图像的故障诊断方法

为了有效捕获旋转机械振动信号中蕴含的故障特征,进而高效地完成故障诊断任务,设计了一种将二维特征图像和轻量化神经网络相结合的故障诊断模型。首先,将采集到的一维振动信号以改进的集成经验模态分解(Modified Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,MEEMD)算法进行分解,得到本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)分量,并筛选相应的IMF分量进行求和重构,以增强振动信号的幅值波动,进而使得马尔科夫变迁场(Markov Transition Field,MTF)能够更为有效地表征重构信号中的故障特征;然后,将MTF生成的二维特征图像输入到残差深度可分离卷积神经网络(Residual Depth Separable Convolutional Neural Network,ResDSCNN)模型中,进行特征提取与故障诊断。使用行星齿轮箱故障数据集验证了模型性能。结果表明,该模型对于各类齿轮故障的诊断正确率可达98%以上。

弹丸侵彻混凝土目标的热固耦合数值分析

针对侵彻过程中侵彻深度计算不精准的问题,以弹靶模型为研究对象,基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立弹靶模型,对35CrMnSi弹丸侵彻C30混凝土靶的侵彻深度进行了计算。以侵彻速度和角度为初始变量设置了33组不同工况,进行了侵彻过程的热固耦合数值分析。提取了弹丸温度场、侵彻深度、侵彻速度衰减等数据进行了深入分析,得出了弹丸侵彻过程中温度升高与侵彻深度之间的关系。结果表明:1)垂直侵彻时,随着侵彻速度的增大,弹头侵蚀加剧,温度变化更显著;2)非垂直侵彻时,温度升高极值点由弹头中心转移至弹丸侧身,弹丸着角增大,温度升高加快,侵彻深度减小;3)侵彻结束时,弹丸温度与侵彻深度成相关比例,相同侵彻角度工况中比例相同。对弹丸侵彻过程中温度场进行分析可提高侵彻深度预测模型的准确性,研究结果可为侵彻引信测试提供参考。