We present an efficient and risk-informed closed-loop field development (CLFD) workflow for recurrently revising the field development plan (FDP) using the accrued information. To make the process practical, we integr...We present an efficient and risk-informed closed-loop field development (CLFD) workflow for recurrently revising the field development plan (FDP) using the accrued information. To make the process practical, we integrated multiple concepts of machine learning, an intelligent selection process to discard the worst FDP options and a growing set of representative reservoir models. These concepts were combined and used with a cluster-based learning and evolution optimizer to efficiently explore the search space of decision variables. Unlike previous studies, we also added the execution time of the CLFD workflow and worked with more realistic timelines to confirm the utility of a CLFD workflow. To appreciate the importance of data assimilation and new well-logs in a CLFD workflow, we carried out researches at rigorous conditions without a reduction in uncertainty attributes. The proposed CLFD workflow was implemented on a benchmark analogous to a giant field with extensively time-consuming simulation models. The results underscore that an ensemble with as few as 100 scenarios was sufficient to gauge the geological uncertainty, despite working with a giant field with highly heterogeneous characteristics. It is demonstrated that the CLFD workflow can improve the efficiency by over 85% compared to the previously validated workflow. Finally, we present some acute insights and problems related to data assimilation for the practical application of a CLFD workflow.展开更多
This paper focuses on potential development models of future oil and gas exploration in South China Sea. A detailed study of current development models worldwide is performed through some examples of industry installe...This paper focuses on potential development models of future oil and gas exploration in South China Sea. A detailed study of current development models worldwide is performed through some examples of industry installed/ongoing projects and major technical issues encountered during these practice. Key technologies are discussed for the success of field development. Some of the technologies and field development experience can be used for South China Sea project. Several models are studied in field development for different scenarios,including marginal field,large oil field and gas field. With the massive investment activities,continued improved technologies,and rapidly growing pool of professionals,the offshore industry in China will soon encounter a golden period.展开更多
The development of deepwater oil fields has reached a new stage with the dramatic increase in water depth and the recent increasing demands of the economic development in the filed. The use of a Tension Leg Platform ...The development of deepwater oil fields has reached a new stage with the dramatic increase in water depth and the recent increasing demands of the economic development in the filed. The use of a Tension Leg Platform （TIP） combined with other systems, such as Floating Production Storage and Offloading （FPSO） system, Floating Production Unit （FPU） system, Tender Assisted Drilling （TAD） system, etc., has drawn the industry attention and increased significantly in the past few years. For the areas lacking of pipeline system, the use of TIP（s） combined with FPSO has been chosen to efficiently develop the deepwater fields. The TIP with a Tender Assisted Drilling system significantly reduces the payload of the platform and reduces the investment in the TIP system substantially. This opens the door for many new deepwater field developments to use the tension leg platform. The advantage of the TIP combined with a TAD system is more significant when several TIPs are used for the continuous development of the field. One of the applications for the TIP with a tender assisted drilling system can be in the development of an offshore marginal field. Owing to the increase of water depth, the conventional fixed platform model for the exploration of those fields becomes uneconomical. It also would be too expensive to use a large TIP structure for those marginal fields due to the large amount of initial investment. The TIP system with tender assisted drilling can be used to develop those fields economically. There are many marginal fields in China offshore, especially in shelf areas. The application of this field developing model, combined with the existing field developing experience in China, will open the door for many marginal field developments. This paper will review the application of the combined TIP system through some examples of completed/ongoing projects, and major technical issues encountered in those practices. The potential application of this technology in China deepwater development will be discussed in the end.展开更多
The planning and developmental decisions succeeding the discovery of an unconventional oil and gas field is of utmost importance in attaining successful exploitation and production from these tight reservoirs.The deve...The planning and developmental decisions succeeding the discovery of an unconventional oil and gas field is of utmost importance in attaining successful exploitation and production from these tight reservoirs.The development and production of hydrocarbon from these unconventional reservoirs require requires adequate planning and execution which could be challenging,due to the sequence of heterogeneous lithologies of these formations.In this study,we designed and presented a comprehensive field development and production program that is representative of the unconventional oil and gas development in the Central sub-basin of the Permian Basin.To design and achieve optimal field development and production for unconventional reservoirs in the Central sub-basin of the Permian Basin,New Mexico,we utilized field data from an oil and gas well that was drilled to a TVD/MD of 2290 m with a PBTD of 2270 m.Subsequently,we conducted the petrophysical evaluation of the logs and utilized a decline curve analysis for reservoir evaluation of all the members of the formation.We also designed and developed comprehensive drilling,completions,and facilities programs.Lastly,we incorporated an economic analysis of our optimized field development and production design.Our results provide a valuable plan and critical decision-making insight for optimizing field development and production of unconventional reservoirs in the Permian Basin and across the world.展开更多
The Sanjiang Plain, formed with confluence of the Amur River, Ussuri River and Songhua River, is one of the three major stretches of wetland in the world. The large-scale agricultural development on the Sanjiang Plain...The Sanjiang Plain, formed with confluence of the Amur River, Ussuri River and Songhua River, is one of the three major stretches of wetland in the world. The large-scale agricultural development on the Sanjiang Plain started at the end of the 40s of the 20th century. The low-lying terrain and frequent floods caused a lot of difficulties to the agricultural development in the area. Water conservancy program has always been the kernel in agricultural development on the Sanjiang Plain in its history. The entities involved in its development project from different levels, including the state, state farms and farmers. Thus far, we have used the findings of their analysis of the paddy field development process at one state farm to take a microscopic approach to shed light on the development of paddy fields by farms and farmers and their roles in subsequent rice production. Because paddy field management on the Sanjiang Plain is very broad, but its rice producing techniques and economic structure have a certain definite form, the microscopic approach to understanding the paddy field development process and rice fanning management structure on the level of farmers could be considered a success. This paper is intended to elucidate from a macroscopic perspective the characteristics of the rapid development of irrigation and drainage systems and paddy fields on the Sanjiang Plain. Sanjiang Plain is a flood plain, and so major infrastructure development was required, thereby necessitating this national project for flood control. As politics and an economic integrated body, state farms also contributed to the promotion of agricultural development. As principals for the development, the state and state farms are taken by this paper as the main objects of our analysis.展开更多
This study focused on the quantitative analysis of the petrophysical parameters in characterizing the reservoir properties of the Srikail gas field using multi-scale wireline logs.Petrophysical parameters(shale volume...This study focused on the quantitative analysis of the petrophysical parameters in characterizing the reservoir properties of the Srikail gas field using multi-scale wireline logs.Petrophysical parameters(shale volume,porosity,water saturation and hydrocarbon saturation)were estimated from the combination of gamma ray log,resistivity log,density log and neutron log for three hydrocarbon(gas)-bearing zones at well#3.At the first time,log records at 0.1 m and 0.2 m intervals were read for this study.Result showed the average shale volume is 21.07%,53.67%and 51.71%for zone-1,zone-2 and zone-3,respectively.For these zones,the estimated average porosity was 35.89%,29.83%and 28.76%,respectively.The average water saturation of 31.54%,16.83%and 23.39%and average hydrocarbon saturation of 68.46%,83.17%and 76.61%were calculated for zone-1,zone-2 and zone-3,respectively.Thus zone-2 is regarded the most productive zone of well#3.It was found that the values of some parameters(porosity,hydrocarbon saturation and permeability)are higher than the existing results.Therefore,this study confirmed that the log reading at minute/close interval provides better quantitive values of the reservoir’s petrophysical properties.It is expected that this result will contribute to the national gas field development program in future.展开更多
The paper provided an updated status of technology for deepwater field development, demonstrated the importance of its application through actual project example, and discussed some future technical development trends...The paper provided an updated status of technology for deepwater field development, demonstrated the importance of its application through actual project example, and discussed some future technical development trends. The focus was on the floating structures. By reviewing some of the engineering aspects of the project, the technology advancement, innovations and challenges in offshore engineering were discussed and demonstrated. The author’s view of technical challenges facing deepwater forwarding was discussed, which covered water depth limitations, new material application, installation methods, riser development and operational issues. An overview of technologies that will enable deepwater projects to be extended into new frontiers was presented.展开更多
1996 is the first year for realizing the object of fish culture in 66,600 ha of rice field in Zhejiang Province. The provincial government has appropriated $ 24,000 per ha for starting capital. Starting from this year...1996 is the first year for realizing the object of fish culture in 66,600 ha of rice field in Zhejiang Province. The provincial government has appropriated $ 24,000 per ha for starting capital. Starting from this year, counties with the tradition of fish culture in rice fields as Youngjia and Qingtian have put stress on popularizing the new technique of fish culture in ditches and puddles to raise the yield for per unit area. In areas of Central Zhejiang and North Zhejiang with hilly land and plain area with double—season rice, people have changed traditional fish varieties into special and excellent fish varieties.展开更多
An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, clo...An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, cloud data de-noising optimization, construction, display and operation of three-dimensional model, model editing, profile generation, calculation of goaf volume and roof area, Boolean calculation among models and interaction with the third party soft ware. Concerning this system with a concise interface, plentiful data input/output interfaces, it is featured with high integration, simple and convenient operations of applications. According to practice, in addition to being well-adapted, this system is favorably reliable and stable.展开更多
文摘We present an efficient and risk-informed closed-loop field development (CLFD) workflow for recurrently revising the field development plan (FDP) using the accrued information. To make the process practical, we integrated multiple concepts of machine learning, an intelligent selection process to discard the worst FDP options and a growing set of representative reservoir models. These concepts were combined and used with a cluster-based learning and evolution optimizer to efficiently explore the search space of decision variables. Unlike previous studies, we also added the execution time of the CLFD workflow and worked with more realistic timelines to confirm the utility of a CLFD workflow. To appreciate the importance of data assimilation and new well-logs in a CLFD workflow, we carried out researches at rigorous conditions without a reduction in uncertainty attributes. The proposed CLFD workflow was implemented on a benchmark analogous to a giant field with extensively time-consuming simulation models. The results underscore that an ensemble with as few as 100 scenarios was sufficient to gauge the geological uncertainty, despite working with a giant field with highly heterogeneous characteristics. It is demonstrated that the CLFD workflow can improve the efficiency by over 85% compared to the previously validated workflow. Finally, we present some acute insights and problems related to data assimilation for the practical application of a CLFD workflow.
文摘This paper focuses on potential development models of future oil and gas exploration in South China Sea. A detailed study of current development models worldwide is performed through some examples of industry installed/ongoing projects and major technical issues encountered during these practice. Key technologies are discussed for the success of field development. Some of the technologies and field development experience can be used for South China Sea project. Several models are studied in field development for different scenarios,including marginal field,large oil field and gas field. With the massive investment activities,continued improved technologies,and rapidly growing pool of professionals,the offshore industry in China will soon encounter a golden period.
文摘The development of deepwater oil fields has reached a new stage with the dramatic increase in water depth and the recent increasing demands of the economic development in the filed. The use of a Tension Leg Platform （TIP） combined with other systems, such as Floating Production Storage and Offloading （FPSO） system, Floating Production Unit （FPU） system, Tender Assisted Drilling （TAD） system, etc., has drawn the industry attention and increased significantly in the past few years. For the areas lacking of pipeline system, the use of TIP（s） combined with FPSO has been chosen to efficiently develop the deepwater fields. The TIP with a Tender Assisted Drilling system significantly reduces the payload of the platform and reduces the investment in the TIP system substantially. This opens the door for many new deepwater field developments to use the tension leg platform. The advantage of the TIP combined with a TAD system is more significant when several TIPs are used for the continuous development of the field. One of the applications for the TIP with a tender assisted drilling system can be in the development of an offshore marginal field. Owing to the increase of water depth, the conventional fixed platform model for the exploration of those fields becomes uneconomical. It also would be too expensive to use a large TIP structure for those marginal fields due to the large amount of initial investment. The TIP system with tender assisted drilling can be used to develop those fields economically. There are many marginal fields in China offshore, especially in shelf areas. The application of this field developing model, combined with the existing field developing experience in China, will open the door for many marginal field developments. This paper will review the application of the combined TIP system through some examples of completed/ongoing projects, and major technical issues encountered in those practices. The potential application of this technology in China deepwater development will be discussed in the end.
文摘The planning and developmental decisions succeeding the discovery of an unconventional oil and gas field is of utmost importance in attaining successful exploitation and production from these tight reservoirs.The development and production of hydrocarbon from these unconventional reservoirs require requires adequate planning and execution which could be challenging,due to the sequence of heterogeneous lithologies of these formations.In this study,we designed and presented a comprehensive field development and production program that is representative of the unconventional oil and gas development in the Central sub-basin of the Permian Basin.To design and achieve optimal field development and production for unconventional reservoirs in the Central sub-basin of the Permian Basin,New Mexico,we utilized field data from an oil and gas well that was drilled to a TVD/MD of 2290 m with a PBTD of 2270 m.Subsequently,we conducted the petrophysical evaluation of the logs and utilized a decline curve analysis for reservoir evaluation of all the members of the formation.We also designed and developed comprehensive drilling,completions,and facilities programs.Lastly,we incorporated an economic analysis of our optimized field development and production design.Our results provide a valuable plan and critical decision-making insight for optimizing field development and production of unconventional reservoirs in the Permian Basin and across the world.
文摘The Sanjiang Plain, formed with confluence of the Amur River, Ussuri River and Songhua River, is one of the three major stretches of wetland in the world. The large-scale agricultural development on the Sanjiang Plain started at the end of the 40s of the 20th century. The low-lying terrain and frequent floods caused a lot of difficulties to the agricultural development in the area. Water conservancy program has always been the kernel in agricultural development on the Sanjiang Plain in its history. The entities involved in its development project from different levels, including the state, state farms and farmers. Thus far, we have used the findings of their analysis of the paddy field development process at one state farm to take a microscopic approach to shed light on the development of paddy fields by farms and farmers and their roles in subsequent rice production. Because paddy field management on the Sanjiang Plain is very broad, but its rice producing techniques and economic structure have a certain definite form, the microscopic approach to understanding the paddy field development process and rice fanning management structure on the level of farmers could be considered a success. This paper is intended to elucidate from a macroscopic perspective the characteristics of the rapid development of irrigation and drainage systems and paddy fields on the Sanjiang Plain. Sanjiang Plain is a flood plain, and so major infrastructure development was required, thereby necessitating this national project for flood control. As politics and an economic integrated body, state farms also contributed to the promotion of agricultural development. As principals for the development, the state and state farms are taken by this paper as the main objects of our analysis.
基金the K.C. Wong Education Foundation (GJTD-2019-04)the Chinese Academy of Sciences as President ’s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) for a Postdoctoral fellow to M. Moklesur Rahman (2019PE0025).
文摘This study focused on the quantitative analysis of the petrophysical parameters in characterizing the reservoir properties of the Srikail gas field using multi-scale wireline logs.Petrophysical parameters(shale volume,porosity,water saturation and hydrocarbon saturation)were estimated from the combination of gamma ray log,resistivity log,density log and neutron log for three hydrocarbon(gas)-bearing zones at well#3.At the first time,log records at 0.1 m and 0.2 m intervals were read for this study.Result showed the average shale volume is 21.07%,53.67%and 51.71%for zone-1,zone-2 and zone-3,respectively.For these zones,the estimated average porosity was 35.89%,29.83%and 28.76%,respectively.The average water saturation of 31.54%,16.83%and 23.39%and average hydrocarbon saturation of 68.46%,83.17%and 76.61%were calculated for zone-1,zone-2 and zone-3,respectively.Thus zone-2 is regarded the most productive zone of well#3.It was found that the values of some parameters(porosity,hydrocarbon saturation and permeability)are higher than the existing results.Therefore,this study confirmed that the log reading at minute/close interval provides better quantitive values of the reservoir’s petrophysical properties.It is expected that this result will contribute to the national gas field development program in future.
文摘The paper provided an updated status of technology for deepwater field development, demonstrated the importance of its application through actual project example, and discussed some future technical development trends. The focus was on the floating structures. By reviewing some of the engineering aspects of the project, the technology advancement, innovations and challenges in offshore engineering were discussed and demonstrated. The author’s view of technical challenges facing deepwater forwarding was discussed, which covered water depth limitations, new material application, installation methods, riser development and operational issues. An overview of technologies that will enable deepwater projects to be extended into new frontiers was presented.
文摘1996 is the first year for realizing the object of fish culture in 66,600 ha of rice field in Zhejiang Province. The provincial government has appropriated $ 24,000 per ha for starting capital. Starting from this year, counties with the tradition of fish culture in rice fields as Youngjia and Qingtian have put stress on popularizing the new technique of fish culture in ditches and puddles to raise the yield for per unit area. In areas of Central Zhejiang and North Zhejiang with hilly land and plain area with double—season rice, people have changed traditional fish varieties into special and excellent fish varieties.
基金Project(51274250)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012BAK09B02-05)supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program during the 12th Five-year Plan of China
文摘An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, cloud data de-noising optimization, construction, display and operation of three-dimensional model, model editing, profile generation, calculation of goaf volume and roof area, Boolean calculation among models and interaction with the third party soft ware. Concerning this system with a concise interface, plentiful data input/output interfaces, it is featured with high integration, simple and convenient operations of applications. According to practice, in addition to being well-adapted, this system is favorably reliable and stable.
