Field environmental sensing can acquire real-time environmental information,which will be applied to field operation,through the fusion of multiple sensors.Multi-sensor fusion refers to the fusion of information obtai...Field environmental sensing can acquire real-time environmental information,which will be applied to field operation,through the fusion of multiple sensors.Multi-sensor fusion refers to the fusion of information obtained from multiple sensors using more advanced data processing methods.The main objective of applying this technology in field environment perception is to acquire real-time environmental information,making agricultural mechanical devices operate better in complex farmland environment with stronger sensing ability and operational accuracy.In this paper,the characteristics of sensors are studied to clarify the advantages and existing problems of each type of sensors and point out that multiple sensors can be introduced to compensate for the information loss.Secondly,the mainstream information fusion types at present are outlined.The characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of different fusion methods are analyzed.The important studies and applications related to multi-sensor information fusion technology published at home and abroad are listed.Eventually,the existing problems in the field environment sensing at present are summarized and the prospect for future of sensors precise sensing,multi-dimensional fusion strategies,discrepancies in sensor fusion and agricultural information processing are proposed in hope of providing reference for the deeper development of smart agriculture.展开更多
The past few years have seen work on the maintenance and decaying mechanisms of tropical cyclones （TCs） over land. Statistic study has been on the landfall frequency and location of TCs and their maintenance, decayi...The past few years have seen work on the maintenance and decaying mechanisms of tropical cyclones （TCs） over land. Statistic study has been on the landfall frequency and location of TCs and their maintenance, decaying, transition, intensification and dissipation for the past 32 years and that （1） the deeper water accumulates on land, the more favorable it would be for the maintenance of low pressures and vast lakes, and the surface of large rivers and large- sized reservoirs can slow down the decaying of TC lows, （2） the descending and intrusion of cold air from mid- and upper- tropospheric and warm advection from lower troposphere are responsible for TCs transition; and （3） after landfall, TCs tend to accelerate towards areas of intense convection to the northwest, etc. Being mainly numerical simulation and diagnostic analyses for cases covering much detail and depth, most of the studies cannot tell anything in common about how TCs maintain and decay over land. There has been little work on the difference of land track of TCs, which travel with the underlying surface changing from sea to land. The energy supply from the tropical ocean is severely reduced or completely cut off on the one hand, rough land surface is both a blocking and frictional force for TCs to dissipate their energy on the other. In fact, landfall TCs can either maintain for only a few hours and cover a distance of less than 100 km or stay active tbr more than 100 hours and go as farther away as a few thousand km inland. Why do they differ so much？ Why do TCs follow routes that differ dramatically when they land at or near the same sites with identical or similar underlying surface？ It is obvious that the environmental field is one of the essential factors for TCs after landfall. The aim of this paper is to discuss the effect of the environmental field on TCs track over land and to know whicch, synoptic systems or factors play key roles in it so as to provide basis for the forecasting of land track of TCs after landfall.展开更多
Presented a study on the design and implementation of spatial data modelingand application in the spatial data organization and management of a coalfield geologicalenvironment database.Based on analysis of a number of...Presented a study on the design and implementation of spatial data modelingand application in the spatial data organization and management of a coalfield geologicalenvironment database.Based on analysis of a number of existing data models and takinginto account the unique data structure and characteristic, methodology and key techniquesin the object-oriented spatial data modeling were proposed for the coalfield geological environment.The model building process was developed using object-oriented technologyand the Unified Modeling Language (UML) on the platform of ESRI geodatabase datamodels.A case study of spatial data modeling in UML was presented with successful implementationin the spatial database of the coalfield geological environment.The modelbuilding and implementation provided an effective way of representing the complexity andspecificity of coalfield geological environment spatial data and an integrated managementof spatial and property data.展开更多
The risk of drinking water is greatly concerned because of the large amount of pesticide applied to paddy field and the contamination of drinking water sources due to the runoff. A mathematical model is developed, ba...The risk of drinking water is greatly concerned because of the large amount of pesticide applied to paddy field and the contamination of drinking water sources due to the runoff. A mathematical model is developed, based on the mass balance, to predict the fate of paddy field pesticides from application, runoff and mixing in a river, taking account of the physical chemical properties and processes of volatilization, degradation, adsorption and desorption. The model is applied to a river basin in Japan to estimate the contaminant level of several popularly used pesticides at the water intakes. The health risk in drinking water induced by each pesticide concerned is estimated and evaluated by comparing with the acceptable daily intake values(ADI) and with that induced by trihalomethanes. An index to evaluate the total risk of all pesticides appearing in water is proposed. The methods for risk management are also discussed.展开更多
The characteristics of low pressure plasma produced by a gas discharges lie in thatthe energy of the electrons are much higher than that of the heavy particles in the system. Inthis paperl the low-pressure plasma trea...The characteristics of low pressure plasma produced by a gas discharges lie in thatthe energy of the electrons are much higher than that of the heavy particles in the system. Inthis paperl the low-pressure plasma treatment technology for the environmental contaminantswas synthetically studied, and the reaction processing and mechanism between the low-pressureplasma and the environmental contaminants were theoretically analyzed. At last, the prospectsand existing problems on the application of low-pressure plasma in the field of environmentalprotection were discussed.展开更多
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, as an ubiquitous phytopathogenic Ascomycete fungus capable of infecting a wide range of plants, has increased in importance for oilseed rape production worldwide in recent year...Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, as an ubiquitous phytopathogenic Ascomycete fungus capable of infecting a wide range of plants, has increased in importance for oilseed rape production worldwide in recent years. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of two measurements of disease rating in predicting the field reaction of cultivars to sclerotinia stem rot. One hundred and ten cultivars or lines of oilseed rape were repeatedly evaluated the disease severity index (DSI) and lesion length for their resistance to nine isolates of S. sclerotiorum in two field stations. There were greatly significant differences between two stations, among isolates, among population of cultivars for the disease severity index and lesion length, and also significant station×isolate interaction for lesion length and population×isolate interactions for DSI and lesion length, but interactions of station×isolate for DSI were not significant. Cultivars such as Pomorzanin and Lisek consistently had the lowest disease severity ratings in the field tests. However, most of cultivars were susceptible to sclerotinia stem rot in the field test. A positive correlation between the mean DSI and lesion length was found for both isolates (Sc23 and B1). The correlations ranged from 0.23 to 0.83 at various plots, with nine of the twelve correlations significant. The correlations for disease caused by different fungal isolates were statistically significant difference. These correlations ranged from -0.44 to 0.90, with nine of the thirty-two correlations significant. It indicated that resistance to some isolates was significantly correlated and selection of some varieties for resistance to one isolate appeared to improve resistance to other isolates.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272438)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation[Grant No.CX(21)3149]+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.Yueshengjihua-2206)the Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Synergistic Innovation Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment(Grant No.XTCX2007).
文摘Field environmental sensing can acquire real-time environmental information,which will be applied to field operation,through the fusion of multiple sensors.Multi-sensor fusion refers to the fusion of information obtained from multiple sensors using more advanced data processing methods.The main objective of applying this technology in field environment perception is to acquire real-time environmental information,making agricultural mechanical devices operate better in complex farmland environment with stronger sensing ability and operational accuracy.In this paper,the characteristics of sensors are studied to clarify the advantages and existing problems of each type of sensors and point out that multiple sensors can be introduced to compensate for the information loss.Secondly,the mainstream information fusion types at present are outlined.The characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of different fusion methods are analyzed.The important studies and applications related to multi-sensor information fusion technology published at home and abroad are listed.Eventually,the existing problems in the field environment sensing at present are summarized and the prospect for future of sensors precise sensing,multi-dimensional fusion strategies,discrepancies in sensor fusion and agricultural information processing are proposed in hope of providing reference for the deeper development of smart agriculture.
基金A project from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2005DIB3j104)
文摘The past few years have seen work on the maintenance and decaying mechanisms of tropical cyclones （TCs） over land. Statistic study has been on the landfall frequency and location of TCs and their maintenance, decaying, transition, intensification and dissipation for the past 32 years and that （1） the deeper water accumulates on land, the more favorable it would be for the maintenance of low pressures and vast lakes, and the surface of large rivers and large- sized reservoirs can slow down the decaying of TC lows, （2） the descending and intrusion of cold air from mid- and upper- tropospheric and warm advection from lower troposphere are responsible for TCs transition; and （3） after landfall, TCs tend to accelerate towards areas of intense convection to the northwest, etc. Being mainly numerical simulation and diagnostic analyses for cases covering much detail and depth, most of the studies cannot tell anything in common about how TCs maintain and decay over land. There has been little work on the difference of land track of TCs, which travel with the underlying surface changing from sea to land. The energy supply from the tropical ocean is severely reduced or completely cut off on the one hand, rough land surface is both a blocking and frictional force for TCs to dissipate their energy on the other. In fact, landfall TCs can either maintain for only a few hours and cover a distance of less than 100 km or stay active tbr more than 100 hours and go as farther away as a few thousand km inland. Why do they differ so much？ Why do TCs follow routes that differ dramatically when they land at or near the same sites with identical or similar underlying surface？ It is obvious that the environmental field is one of the essential factors for TCs after landfall. The aim of this paper is to discuss the effect of the environmental field on TCs track over land and to know whicch, synoptic systems or factors play key roles in it so as to provide basis for the forecasting of land track of TCs after landfall.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(2008011028-2)
文摘Presented a study on the design and implementation of spatial data modelingand application in the spatial data organization and management of a coalfield geologicalenvironment database.Based on analysis of a number of existing data models and takinginto account the unique data structure and characteristic, methodology and key techniquesin the object-oriented spatial data modeling were proposed for the coalfield geological environment.The model building process was developed using object-oriented technologyand the Unified Modeling Language (UML) on the platform of ESRI geodatabase datamodels.A case study of spatial data modeling in UML was presented with successful implementationin the spatial database of the coalfield geological environment.The modelbuilding and implementation provided an effective way of representing the complexity andspecificity of coalfield geological environment spatial data and an integrated managementof spatial and property data.
文摘The risk of drinking water is greatly concerned because of the large amount of pesticide applied to paddy field and the contamination of drinking water sources due to the runoff. A mathematical model is developed, based on the mass balance, to predict the fate of paddy field pesticides from application, runoff and mixing in a river, taking account of the physical chemical properties and processes of volatilization, degradation, adsorption and desorption. The model is applied to a river basin in Japan to estimate the contaminant level of several popularly used pesticides at the water intakes. The health risk in drinking water induced by each pesticide concerned is estimated and evaluated by comparing with the acceptable daily intake values(ADI) and with that induced by trihalomethanes. An index to evaluate the total risk of all pesticides appearing in water is proposed. The methods for risk management are also discussed.
文摘The characteristics of low pressure plasma produced by a gas discharges lie in thatthe energy of the electrons are much higher than that of the heavy particles in the system. Inthis paperl the low-pressure plasma treatment technology for the environmental contaminantswas synthetically studied, and the reaction processing and mechanism between the low-pressureplasma and the environmental contaminants were theoretically analyzed. At last, the prospectsand existing problems on the application of low-pressure plasma in the field of environmentalprotection were discussed.
基金The research was supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China(2004CB 117200,2002CB111300)the Hi-Tech Research and De-velopment Program of China(2004AA21111)+1 种基金the China Scholarship Council,the Sino-Polish Scientific and Technological Cooperation 2004 2006(3 1-23B)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30000107).
文摘Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, as an ubiquitous phytopathogenic Ascomycete fungus capable of infecting a wide range of plants, has increased in importance for oilseed rape production worldwide in recent years. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of two measurements of disease rating in predicting the field reaction of cultivars to sclerotinia stem rot. One hundred and ten cultivars or lines of oilseed rape were repeatedly evaluated the disease severity index (DSI) and lesion length for their resistance to nine isolates of S. sclerotiorum in two field stations. There were greatly significant differences between two stations, among isolates, among population of cultivars for the disease severity index and lesion length, and also significant station×isolate interaction for lesion length and population×isolate interactions for DSI and lesion length, but interactions of station×isolate for DSI were not significant. Cultivars such as Pomorzanin and Lisek consistently had the lowest disease severity ratings in the field tests. However, most of cultivars were susceptible to sclerotinia stem rot in the field test. A positive correlation between the mean DSI and lesion length was found for both isolates (Sc23 and B1). The correlations ranged from 0.23 to 0.83 at various plots, with nine of the twelve correlations significant. The correlations for disease caused by different fungal isolates were statistically significant difference. These correlations ranged from -0.44 to 0.90, with nine of the thirty-two correlations significant. It indicated that resistance to some isolates was significantly correlated and selection of some varieties for resistance to one isolate appeared to improve resistance to other isolates.
