The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticate is an important agricultural pest worldwide.It is extremely polyphagous and has developed resistance to many pesticides.Here,we assessed the pesticide resistance of sev...The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticate is an important agricultural pest worldwide.It is extremely polyphagous and has developed resistance to many pesticides.Here,we assessed the pesticide resistance of seven field populations of T.urticae in China,their target site mutations and the activities of their detoxification enzymes.The results showed that abamectin and the traditional pesticides pyridaben,profenofos and bifenthrin had higher resistance or lower toxicity than more recently developed pesticides including chlorfenapyr,spinetoram,cyflumetofen,cyenopyrafen,bifenazate and B-azolemiteacrylic.The frequency of point mutations related to abamectin resistance,G314D in the glutamate-gated chloride channel 1(GluCl1)and G326E in GluC13,ranged 47%-70%and 0%-97%,respectively.The frequency of point mutations in A1215D and F1538I of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene(VGSC),which may increase resistance to pyrethroids,ranged 88%-100%and 10%-100%,respectively.For target sites related to organophosphate resistance,mutation frequencies ranged 25%-92%for G119S and 0%-23%for A201S in the acetycholinesterase gene(Ace).Mutation G126S in the bifenazate resistance-related cytochrome b gene(Cytb)was observed in three of the seven T.urticae populations.Higher activities of detoxification enzymes(P450,GST,CarEs and UGTs)were observed in two T.urticae populations,with significant difference in the XY-SX population.These results provide useful information on the status of pesticide resistance of T.urticae in China and suggest that T.urticae field populations may have multiple resistance mechanisms.展开更多
Employing the two-state model and the time-dependent wave packet method, we have investigated the influences of the parameters of the intense femtosecond laser field on the evolution of the wave packet, as well as the...Employing the two-state model and the time-dependent wave packet method, we have investigated the influences of the parameters of the intense femtosecond laser field on the evolution of the wave packet, as well as the population of ground and double-minimum electronic states of the NaRb molecule. For the different laser wavelengths, the evolution of the wave packet of 6{ }^1／Sigma ^ ＋ state with time and internuclear distance is different, and the different laser intensity brings different influences on the population of the electronic states of the NaRb molecule. One can control the evolutions of wave packet and the population in each state by varying the laser parameters appropriately, which will be a benefit for the light manipulation of atomic and molecular processes.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0200500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072458)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-25)the Beijing Key Laboratory for Pest Control and Sustainable Cultivation of Vegetables,and the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS).
文摘The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticate is an important agricultural pest worldwide.It is extremely polyphagous and has developed resistance to many pesticides.Here,we assessed the pesticide resistance of seven field populations of T.urticae in China,their target site mutations and the activities of their detoxification enzymes.The results showed that abamectin and the traditional pesticides pyridaben,profenofos and bifenthrin had higher resistance or lower toxicity than more recently developed pesticides including chlorfenapyr,spinetoram,cyflumetofen,cyenopyrafen,bifenazate and B-azolemiteacrylic.The frequency of point mutations related to abamectin resistance,G314D in the glutamate-gated chloride channel 1(GluCl1)and G326E in GluC13,ranged 47%-70%and 0%-97%,respectively.The frequency of point mutations in A1215D and F1538I of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene(VGSC),which may increase resistance to pyrethroids,ranged 88%-100%and 10%-100%,respectively.For target sites related to organophosphate resistance,mutation frequencies ranged 25%-92%for G119S and 0%-23%for A201S in the acetycholinesterase gene(Ace).Mutation G126S in the bifenazate resistance-related cytochrome b gene(Cytb)was observed in three of the seven T.urticae populations.Higher activities of detoxification enzymes(P450,GST,CarEs and UGTs)were observed in two T.urticae populations,with significant difference in the XY-SX population.These results provide useful information on the status of pesticide resistance of T.urticae in China and suggest that T.urticae field populations may have multiple resistance mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10674114 and 10604045)
文摘Employing the two-state model and the time-dependent wave packet method, we have investigated the influences of the parameters of the intense femtosecond laser field on the evolution of the wave packet, as well as the population of ground and double-minimum electronic states of the NaRb molecule. For the different laser wavelengths, the evolution of the wave packet of 6{ }^1／Sigma ^ ＋ state with time and internuclear distance is different, and the different laser intensity brings different influences on the population of the electronic states of the NaRb molecule. One can control the evolutions of wave packet and the population in each state by varying the laser parameters appropriately, which will be a benefit for the light manipulation of atomic and molecular processes.
