Field survey and analysis on near-fault severely damaged high-speed railway bridge in 2022 M6.9 Menyuan earthquake

The 2022 M6.9 Menyuan earthquake caused severe damage to a high-speed railway bridge,which was designed for high-speed trains running at speeds of above 250 km/h and is located right next to the fault.Bridges of this type have been widely used for rapidly constructing the high-speed railway network,but few bridges have been tested by near-fault devastating earthquakes.The potential severe impact of the earthquake on the high-speed railway is not only the safety of the infrastructure,trains and passengers,but also economic loss due to interrupted railway use.Therefore,a field survey was carried out immediately after the earthquake to collect time-sensitive data.The damage to the bridge was carefully investigated,and quantitative analyses were conducted to better understand the mechanism of the bridge failure.It was found that seismic action perpendicular to the bridge’s longitudinal direction caused severe damage to the girders and rails,while none of the piers showed obvious deformation or cracking.The maximum values of transverse displacement,out-of-plane rotation and twisting angle of girders reached 212.6 cm,3.1 degrees and 19.9 degrees,respectively,causing severe damage to the bearing supports and anti-seismic retaining blocks.These observations provide a basis for improving the seismic design of high-speed railway bridges located in near-fault areas.

Charging Properties and Particle Dynamics of Chang’e-5 Lunar Sample in an External Electric Field

Facing the challenges of in-situ utilization of lunar regolith resources,applying an external electric field to manipulate lunar particles has become a promising method for space particle control,which mainly depends on the particle charging properties in the applied electric field.Using the surficial lunar regolith samples brought back from the Moon by the Chang’e-5 mission(CE5 LS),this work successively studied their charging properties,particle dynamics,and their collision damages to aerospace materials under the action of an external electric field in high-vacuum conditions.The results indicated that the charging pro-cess and electrostatic projection of lunar regolith particles under high-vacuum conditions were different from those under atmosphere conditions.The particle diameter range of CE5 LS used in the experiment is 27.7-139.0 lm.For electric field strength of 3-12 kV·cm^(-1),the charge obtained by CE5 LS is 4.8×10^(-15)-4.7×10^(-13) C and the charge-to-mass ratio is 1.2×10^(-5)-6.8×10^(-4) C·kg^(-1).The CE5 LS is easier to be negatively charged in an external electric field.Furthermore,significant damages were observed on the target impact surfaces,indicating severe influences of lunar regolith particles on aerospace materials.Our work contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of physical mechanisms controlling the lunar regolith shielding and utilization,and will inspire broad efforts to develop the lunar in-situ engi-neering solutions.

Field survey of indoor thermal comfort in rural housing of northern China in heating season

This paper introduces a field measurement of an indoor thermal environment in rural housing in suburban Beijing from December 2008 to March 2009.The indoor environment parameters such as air temperature,mean radiant temperature（MRT）,airflow velocity and relative humidity are measured.A questionnaire survey of the occupants＇ thermal sensations in these surveyed houses is conducted and their daily activities and clothing conditions are recorded.The results show that the thermal neutral temperature of rural housing is 18.4 ℃,and the lower limit of acceptable temperature range can be extended to 10.9 ℃.The comfortable indoor temperature is affected by the occupants＇ clothing and lifestyle.Therefore,the indoor temperature standards of space heating for suburban housing cannot be simply duplicated from that for urban housing.Compared with occupants in suburban Beijing,it is found that the occupants in rural Hunan province feel colder at the same operative temperature due to the high relative humidity in Hunan province.

Field survey around strong motion stations and its implications on the seismic intensity in the Lushan earthquake on April 20,2013

The Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake on April 20, 2013 is another destructive event in China since the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and Ms7.1 Yushu earth- quake in 2010. A large number of strong motion recordings were accumulated by the National Strong Motion Obser- vation Network System of China. The maximum peak ground acceleration （PGA） at Station 51BXD in Baoxing Country is recorded as -1,005.3 cm/s2, which is even larger than the maximum one in the Wenchuan earthquake. A field survey around three typical strong motion stations confirms that the earthquake damage is consistent with the issued map of macroseismic intensity. For the oscillation period 0.3-1.0 s which is the common natural period range of the Chinese civil building, a comparison shows that the observed response spectrums are considerably smaller than the designed values in the Chinese code and this could be one of the reasons that the macroseismic intensity is lower than what we expected despite the high amplitude of PGAs. The Housner spectral intensities from 16 stations are also basically correlated with their macroseismic intensities, and the empirical distribution of spectral intensities from Lushan and Wenchuan Earthquakes under the Chinese scale is almost identical with those under the European scale.

Cameroon Green Energy Potentials: Field Survey of Production, Physico-Chemical Analyses of Palm Kernel Oil for Industrial Applications

This paper reports a field survey undertaken to determine the availability of raw material for palm kernel oil commercial production for industrial applications. Both industrial and artisanal wastes from palm kernel oil production were also surveyed as raw material (palm kernel seeds) for green energy production. Results of the field study show that 22% of palm kernel seeds (which represents tons of waste) resulting from palm oil processing plants are dumped while at the artisanal level, 80% of palm kernel seed waste is dumped. Analysis of field study data shows that large amounts of waste palm kernel seeds are available to enable large scale production of palm kernel oil (PKO) for desirable industrial applications in green energy production. The paper also reports on the physical and chemical properties of Cameroon palm kernel oil (PKO). Palm kernel oil was extracted using mechanical press and solvent extraction. The palm kernel oil (PKO) from Cameroon was analyzed by standard physico-chemical methods. Results of the physical measurements show a specific gravity of PKO of 0.92 kg/L, viscosity of 26.03 cSt and at 5.93 cSt at 40°C and 100°C respectively, viscosity index of 185, pour point of 20°C, cloud point of 29°C, flash point of 200°C, aniline point of 105°F, diesel index of 23, cetane number of 27 and ASTM (American Standards for Testing and Materials) color of less than 2.5. Results of chemical analyses showed an acid value of 17.95 mg KOH/g, free fatty acid (FFA) content of 8.98 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 2.10 mg I2/g, peroxide value of 2.10 meq/kg, ester value of 123.0 mg KOH/g, hydroxyl value of 93.4 mg OH/g, saponification value of 140.95 mg KOH/g and a sulfur content of 0.016% w/v, signifying low sulfur content. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the palm kernel oil to be predominantly made up of glycerides of various fatty acids with higher proportions of C12 to C16 fatty acid residues. Cameroon PKO therefore has a broad spectrum of industrial applications by virtue of its rich physical and chemical properties.

Longitude correction method for the field magnetic surveyed diurnal-variation correction

Solar quiet daily variation(Sq)are dependent on local time.Herein,we applied the moving superposition method to separate the Sq component of correction observatory data and performed a time diff erence correction on the Sq component according to the longitudinal diff erence between the correction observatory and the field station while maintaining the time of other data components.The data were then reconstructed and used for diurnal-variation correction to improve the accuracy of the daily variations correction resu;lts The moving superposition method employs data of“nonmagnetic disturbance days”obtained 15 d before and after to perform the superposing average calculation on a daily basis,aiming to obtain the Sq of continuous morphological changes.The effect of longitude correction was tested using the observatory record and field survey data.The average correction distance of the test observatories was 2114 km,and the correction accuracies of the H(horizontal component of geomagnetic field),D(geomagnetic declination),and Z(vertical component of geomagnetic field)were improved by 28.4%,45.0%,and 21.7%,respectively;the average correction distance of the field stations was 2130 km,and the correction accuracies of the F(geomagnetic total intensity),D,I(geomagnetic inclination)components were improved by 35.2%,26.7%,and 13.9%,respectively.The test results also demonstrated that the longitude correction eff ect was greater with an increased correction distance.

Quality of Life and Cannabis Use: Results from Canadian Sample Survey Data

Data from the 2013 Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey, and two other surveys are used to determine the effects of cannabis use on self-reported physical and mental health. Daily or almost daily marijuana use is shown to be detrimental to both measures of health for some age groups but not all. The age group specific effects depend on gender. Males and females respond differently to cannabis use. The health costs of regularly using cannabis are significant but they are much smaller than those associated with tobacco use. These costs are attributed to both the presence of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the fact that smoking cannabis is itself a health hazard because of the toxic properties of the smoke ingested. Cannabis use is costlier to regular smokers and age of first use below the age of 15 or 20 and being a former user leads to reduced physical and mental capacities which are permanent. These results strongly suggest that the legalization of marijuana be accompanied by educational programs, counseling services, and a delivery system, which minimizes juvenile and young adult usage.

Summary Report of the Sample Survey on School Attendance in Project Counties of Guizhou

In ordcr to asscss the school attendance status of children aged 7-14 to determine the causes of non-at-tendance,and to formulate appropriate policics for the implementation of the ninc-ycar compulsory cduca-tion programme,a sample survcy on school--agc:children was carried out in Jianhc,Lcishan and Taijang,Guizhou Province in October 1993.

EVALUATION OF A LENS OPACITIES CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM II (LOCS II) IN THE SURVEY POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE

In the field work of populationbased research, 3 groups of eyes were graded by 2 observers in LOCS Ⅱ. The reproducibility of LOCS Ⅱwas evaluated by agreements(85%-100%) and k values(0.661-1) obtained in our study. The satisfying results show that LOCS Ⅱis not only easy to be learned and to be applied consistently by different observers, but also good reproducibility in the field work. The longitudinal cataract study is going to be performed in our plan.

Fuzzy Geometric Programming in Multivariate Stratified Sample Surveys in Presence of Non-Response with Quadratic Cost Function

In this paper, the problem of non-response with significant travel costs in multivariate stratified sample surveys has been formulated of as a Multi-Objective Geometric Programming Problem (MOGPP). The fuzzy programming approach has been described for solving the formulated MOGPP. The formulated MOGPP has been solved with the help of LINGO Software and the dual solution is obtained. The optimum allocations of sample sizes of respondents and non respondents are obtained with the help of dual solutions and primal-dual relationship theorem. A numerical example is given to illustrate the procedure.

Influence of the probe-sample interaction on scanning near-field optical microscopic images in the far field

We have studied the influence of probe-sample interaction in a scanning near-field optical microscopy （SNOM） in the far field by using samples with a step structure. For a sample with a step height of - λ/4, the SNOM image contrast between the two sides of the step changes periodically at different scan heights. For a step height of-λ/2, the image contrast remains approximately the same. The probe-sample interaction determines the SNOM image contrast here. The influence of different refractive indices of the sample has been also analysed by using a simple theoretical model.

Evidence-Based Therapy May Improve Outcome in Glomerulonephritis—A Prospective Field Survey

Introduction and aims: Although glomerulonephritis is rare in the general population it is the second most important cause for end-stage renal failure. The therapy of glomerulonephritis is guided by a limited number of individual clinical trials and treatment recommendations are based on meta-analysis and Cochrane Systematic Reviews. The impact of such therapy standards on the prognosis of glomerulonephritis is not known. Methods: Between October 2002 and December 2008 patients with abnormal urine findings and/or decreasing renal function of unknown cause were referred for renal biopsy. In a collaboration of out-patient nephrologists with a major teaching hospital, all patients received treatment recommendations according to evidence-based therapy guidelines based on Cochrane Systematic Reviews. Patient charts were systematically reviewed and patients were re-examined for follow-up until November 2009. Cox Regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: Two hundred patients with primary or secondary glomerulonephritis were identified. Complete follow-up data were available from 196 patients with 324 therapeutic interventions. The mean follow-up was 2.8 ± 2.0 years. Among all patients, 37% remained unchanged ill, 13% died, 17% had progressing renal disease, while 19% had a complete and 14% a partial remission. Proteinuria declined in primary glomerulonephritis (5.0 ± 5.4 g/d to 2.1 ± 3.4 g/d, p Conclusions: In a multivariate model of standardised glomerulonephritis therapy the presence of tubulointerstitial fibrosis was associated with death or progresssive renal disease, while prednisolone-based therapy regimens and intensified nephrological follow-up resulted in a significant delay of endstage-renal failure. This result should direct future health care policies because glomerulonephritis accounts for nearly 20% of the dialysis population.

Research surveys and their evolution:Past,current and future uses in healthcare

Research surveys are believed to have originated in antiquity with evidence of them being performed in ancient Egypt and Greece.In the past century,their use has grown significantly and they are now one of the most frequently employed research methods including in the field of healthcare.Modern validation techniques and processes have allowed researchers to broaden the scope of qualitative data they can gather through these surveys such as an individual’s views on service quality to nationwide surveys that are undertaken regularly to follow healthcare trends.This article focuses on the evolution and current utility of research surveys,different methodologies employed in their creation,the advantages and disadvantages of different forms and their future use in healthcare research.We also review the role artificial intelligence and the importance of increased patient participation in the development of these surveys in order to obtain more accurate and clinically relevant data.

小样本下基于MTF与SSCAM-MSCNN的滚动轴承变工况故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承在不同工况条件下样本分布不同以及故障样本数量不足导致故障诊断精度低、泛化性能差的问题,提出一种小样本下基于MTF与SSCAM-MSCNN的滚动轴承变工况故障诊断方法。首先,运用马尔科夫转移场(MTF)将一维振动信号转化为具有时间相关性的二维特征图。其次,提出条纹自校正注意力机制(SSCAM),它不仅可以加强模型在长距离方向上的特征提取能力,还能建立通道间依赖关系,可以对全局有效信息进行捕捉。然后,将SSCAM引入到多尺度神经网络(MSCNN)中,构建出SSCAM-MSCNN模型。最后,将MTF二维特征图输入到所提模型中进行训练,采用优化后的网络模型进行测试并输出分类结果。通过美国凯斯西储大学以及本实验室MFS滚动轴承数据集对所提方法进行验证,同时对后者进行加噪处理,与其他故障诊断模型进行对比。试验结果表明,所提方法在小样本、变工况条件下具有更高的识别精度、更强的泛化性能与抗噪性能。

地球化学调查野外信息化技术构架与实现

地球化学野外样品采集是勘查地球化学工作的重要环节。然而,长期以来缺乏专门针对地球化学野外样品采集的信息化软件支持。随着信息技术的迅猛发展,传统的野外地球化学调查模式正加速向智能化、便捷化和现代化方向转型。因此,实现地球化学野外样品采集全流程的信息化已成为必然趋势。本文基于国内外地质调查信息化的最新进展,系统总结了地球化学野外调查及地质调查信息化的关键发展方向与核心技术特点,并深入探讨了未来地球化学野外调查系统的功能需求和特性。研究旨在推动地球化学野外样品采集向数字化与信息化迈进,为构建覆盖勘查地球化学全流程的信息化产品体系奠定基础,同时助力地质调查信息化服务能力的全面提升。为最终形成勘查地球化学全流程信息化的产品体系,提升地质调查信息化服务品质打下基础。

城市大气中等挥发性有机物采样分析及外场观测研究进展

中等挥发性有机物(IVOCs)是大气中的重要有机污染物之一.与大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)和颗粒物等污染物的采样分析研究相比,目前针对IVOCs的研究相对薄弱.因此,IVOCs的深入研究对于大气治理具有重要意义.详细介绍了城市大气环境中IVOCs采样与分析技术和外场观测等,重点详述了IVOCs定量方法的研究进展.研究发现,采样分析技术的选择取决于大气中IVOCs的化学结构、传输性及其反应性质.与质谱结合的在线采样技术提供高分辨率、实时监测的测量结果,有助于分析IVOCs的组成分布及浓度特征.与一维色谱技术相比,二维色谱技术的高灵敏度和强选择性大大提高了大气中有机物在色谱上的分离度.IVOCs采样分析技术的深化能够提高IVOCs定性定量的准确度,并大幅提高城市大气中IVOCs的研究效率和水平.从研究区域及测量物质方面来看,城市大气IVOCs的外场观测研究仍受到测量技术的限制,深入探究IVOCs物质组分及其定量方法是未来研究的重点方向.

SCR脱硝分区喷氨取样装置模拟研究及优化

近年来,分区喷氨控制技术广泛应用于燃煤电厂,但其可靠性往往依赖于其测量取样系统的准确性。该文采用数值模拟方法(CFD)对某测量装置取样管进行模拟,提出结构优化方案,优化后实现取样管内流量的均匀分布,最后分析不同取样布置方式对均流取样的影响。

非流形网格转化方法及其应用研究

计算机图形学中的许多建模操作会产生非流形曲面,虽然非流形曲面具有更加复杂的拓扑特性和更强大的几何描述能力,但图形学领域中许多网格处理算法包括骨架提取、网格简化、细分等都要求输入的网格具有二流形的性质。为了确保已生成的非流形曲面能够与现有图形学算法兼容,提出一种方法,利用改进的双链面表数据结构(DLFL)将非流形曲面转化为在几何外观上近似的二流形拓扑结构,以此构建非流形网格曲面与传统数字几何处理之间的桥梁。为了验证算法框架的通用性,将其应用于非流形曲面的3个关键应用场景:测地距离场计算、网格简化和最远点采样。通过对这些应用实例的深入分析,验证了算法在不同场景下的稳健性和准确性。实验结果表明,算法在各应用场景中表现出显著成效,进一步证实了其在实际应用中的潜力。

Investigation and optimization of sampling characteristics of light field camera for flame temperature measurement

It is essential to investigate the light field camera parameters for the accurate flame temperature measurement because the sampling characteristics of the flame radiation can be varied with them. In this study, novel indices of the light field camera were proposed to investigate the directional and spatial sampling characteristics of the flame radiation. Effects of light field camera parameters such as focal length and magnification of the main lens, focal length and magnification of the microlens were investigated. It was observed that the sampling characteristics of the flame are varied with the different parameters of the light field camera. The optimized parameters of the light field camera were then proposed for the flame radiation sampling. The larger sampling angle(23 times larger) is achieved by the optimized parameters compared to the commercial light field camera parameters. A non-negative least square(NNLS) algorithm was used to reconstruct the flame temperature. The reconstruction accuracy was also evaluated by the optimized parameters. The results suggested that the optimized parameters can provide higher reconstruction accuracy for axisymmetric and non-symmetric flame conditions in comparison to the commercial light field camera.