Diagnosing ratio of electron density to collision frequency of plasma surrounding scaled model in a shock tube using low-frequency alternating magnetic field phase shift

A non-contact low-frequency(LF)method of diagnosing the plasma surrounding a scaled model in a shock tube is proposed.This method utilizes the phase shift occurring after the transmission of an LF alternating magnetic field through the plasma to directly measure the ratio of the plasma loop average electron density to collision frequency.An equivalent circuit model is used to analyze the relationship of the phase shift of the magnetic field component of LF electromagnetic waves with the plasma electron density and collision frequency.The applicable range of the LF method on a given plasma scale is analyzed.The upper diagnostic limit for the ratio of the electron density(unit:m^(-3))to collision frequency(unit:Hz)exceeds 1×10^(11),enabling an electron density to exceed 1×10^(20)m^(-3)and a collision frequency to be less than 1 GHz.In this work,the feasibility of using the LF phase shift to implement the plasma diagnosis is also assessed.Diagnosis experiments on shock tube equipment are conducted by using both the electrostatic probe method and LF method.By comparing the diagnostic results of the two methods,the inversion results are relatively consistent with each other,thereby preliminarily verifying the feasibility of the LF method.The ratio of the electron density to the collision frequency has a relatively uniform distribution during the plasma stabilization.The LF diagnostic path is a loop around the model,which is suitable for diagnosing the plasma that surrounds the model.Finally,the causes of diagnostic discrepancy between the two methods are analyzed.The proposed method provides a new avenue for diagnosing high-density enveloping plasma.

Evaluation of polarization field in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structures by using electroluminescence spectra shift

In order to investigate the inherent polarization intensity in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well(MQW) structures,the electroluminescence(EL) spectra of three samples with different GaN barrier thicknesses of 21.3 nm, 11.4 nm, and 6.5 nm are experimentally studied. All of the EL spectra present a similar blue-shift under the low-level current injection,and then turns to a red-shift tendency when the current increases to a specific value, which is defined as the turning point.The value of this turning point differs from one another for the three InGaN/GaN MQW samples. Sample A, which has the GaN barrier thickness of 21.3 nm, shows the highest current injection level at the turning point as well as the largest value of blue-shift. It indicates that sample A has the maximum intensity of the polarization field. The red-shift of the EL spectra results from the vertical electron leakage in InGaN/GaN MQWs and the corresponding self-heating effect under the high-level current injection. As a result, it is an effective approach to evaluate the polarization field in the InGaN/GaN MQW structures by using the injection current level at the turning point and the blue-shift of the EL spectra profiles.

Controlling the Goos-H?nchen Shift via Incoherent Pumping Field and Electron Tunneling in the Triple Coupled InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dots

We study the controlling of the Goos-Hanchen （GH） shifts in reflected and transmitted light beams in the triple coupled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot （QD） nanostructures with electron tunneling and incoherent pumping field. It is shown that the lateral shift can become either large negative or large positive, which can be controlled by the electron tunneling and the rate of incoherent pump field in different incident angles. It is also demonstrated that the properties of the OH shifts are strongly dependent on the probe absorption beam of the intracavity medium due to the switching from superluminal light propagation to subluminal behavior or vice versa. Our suggested system can be considered as a new theoretical method for developing a new nano-optoelectronic sensor.

Analytical expression for betatron tune shift due to field errors in lump quadrupole

The integrated gradient of a quadrupole will be deviated by a close neighboring sextupole, and this is called the effect of fringe field interference. Using the Lie algebra techniques, an analytical expression for the betatron tune shift due to this effect has been derived. The process does not depend on the supposition of the thin-lens quadrupoles. It can be used to estimate the tune shift differences between the designed lattice and the one including the fringe field interference. More generally, the method can be applied to other kinds of fringe field interference.

Geological Specimens, Minerals, and Actions Affecting Polar Shift and Earth’s Magnetic Field

This study will touch upon Earth’s magnetic field, the four spheres, and their relationship with polar shift influenced by the magnetization of the interior and surface areas. It will outline how certain aspects within the spheres are influenced by magnetization of minerals and localized rock, how such can be contained deep within Earth’s mantle areas, as well as how mining deposits of iron ore can affect other spheres and systems. It will also entail a brief explanation of geological research concerning the Pacific Ocean floor, as well as a discussion on the magnetization of minerals retaining their properties at extremely high temperatures within Earth’s interior. There will be explanations of how various spheres interact with each other, but it should be noted that while some findings here might seem unsubstantiated, any analysis of Earth’s interior and exterior, the magnetic field, polar shift, and its contagion effect upon living organisms, is still, somewhat, in its initial research stages, and is, at times, left to hypotheses concerning anomalous indications. This study is not conclusive. It has, at best, pieced together areas of relevance. Concluded here is that each event affects polar shift. How this has been affected by magnetization is not completely, at this time, understood. Furthermore, this report in no way promotes the “doomsday scenario”, prolific, fairly recently, within some of the scientific literature on this subject, particularly in Europe. This paper closely adheres to the most modern theories, and will try, at best, to leave speculation to science fiction writers.

Magnetic Field Configurations Corresponding to Electric Field Patterns That Evoke Long-Term Potentiation Shift Power Spectra of Light Emissions from Microtubules from Non-Neural Cells

Photon counts were measured every 15 ms for 75 s from microtubule-enriched preparations (and nuclei) from mouse melanoma cells during baseline and after 2 min exposures to 1 μT magnetic fields. The magnetic fields were generated from a circular array of solenoids and presented with accelerating or decelerating rotation velocities. The range of photon radiant flux density was in the order of 10-12 W·m-2. Microtubules preparations that had been exposed for only 2 min to a magnetic field configuration corresponding to the electric field pattern that induced long-term potentiation in neural tissue when applied as electric current displayed peaks of spectral power densities within 7 - 8 Hz, 9.5 Hz, 14 - 15 Hz, and 22 Hz bands. The major peak (9.4 Hz) bandwidth was approximately 0.1 Hz. While microtubule preparations exposed for 2 min to a 7 Hz sine-wave or in the absence of a field emitted an overall similar level of spectral power density, the peaks in power density were not present. Treatment with the LTP patterned fields, compared to the baseline or sine-wave fields primarily altered the frequency band in which the amplitude of the photon field was expressed. These results suggest that the photon emissions from microtubule preparations have the capacity to respond to specifically-patterned or geometric shapes of magnetic fields by altering spectral configurations rather than the absolute numbers of photons.

Maintained Exposure to Spring Water but Not Double Distilled Water in Darkness and Thixotropic Conditions to Weak (~1 µT) Temporally Patterned Magnetic Fields Shift Photon Spectroscopic Wavelengths: Effects of Different Shielding Materials

Spring water but not double-distilled water was exposed, in darkness, to a temporally patterned weak magnetic field that has been shown to affect planarian behavior and slow the rate of cancer cell proliferation. Exposure to the magnetic field caused a reliable shift in the peak (longer) wave-length of ~10 nm for fluorescence emissions and a ~20% increase (~100 counts) in fluorescence intensity. Spectral analyses verified a shift of 5 and 10 nm, equivalent to ~1.5 × 10-20 J “periodicity” across the measured wavelengths, which could reflect a change in the an intrinsic energy as predicted by Del Giudice and Preparata and could correspond to two lengths of O-H bonds. Wrapping the water sample containers during exposure with copper foil, aluminum foil, or plastic altered these fluorescent profiles. The most conspicuous effect was the elimination of a ~280 nm peak in the UV-VIS emission spectra only for samples wrapped with copper foil but not aluminum or plastic. These results suggest that weak magnetic fields produce alterations in the water-ionic complexes sufficient to be reliably measured by spectrophotometry. Because the effect was most pronounced when the spring water was exposed in darkness and was not disturbed the role of thixotropic phenomena and Del Giudice entrapment of magnetic fields within coherent domains of Pollack virtual exclusion zones (EZ) may have set the conditions for subsequent release of the energy as photons.

基于延边三角形接法的24脉波移相变压器设计与电磁特性分析

针对核心设备24脉波移相变压器,从移相原理出发进行设计,并建立场路耦合模型对电磁设计和绕组短路力进行核算,其中关键设计参数移相角与理论值最大偏差仅为0.53%。在此基础上加工实验样机进行实验,移相角度偏差最大仅为0.2°。综合仿真与实验结果,24脉波移相变压器设计有效,且场路耦合模型适用于多脉波移相变压器的电磁仿真。

Nuclear ?eld shift effects on stable isotope fractionation: a review

An anomalous isotope effect exists in many heavy element isotope systems （e.g., Sr, Gd, Zn, U）. This effect used to be called the ＂odd--even isotope effect＂ because the odd mass number isotopes behave differently from the even mass number isotopes. This mass-indepen- dent isotope fractionation driving force, which originates from the difference in the ground-state electronic energies caused by differences in nuclear size and shape, is cur- rently denoted as the nuclear field shift effect （NFSE）. It is found that the NFSE can drive isotope fractionation of some heavy elements （e.g., Hg, T1, U） to an astonishing degree, far more than the magnitude caused by the con- ventional mass-dependent effect （MDE）. For light ele- ments, the MDE is the dominant factor in isotope fractionation, while the NFSE is neglectable. Furthermore, the MDE and the NFSE both decrease as temperatures increase, though at different rates. The MDE decreases rapidly with a factor of 1/T2, while the NFSE decreases slowly with a factor of 1/T. As a result, even at high temperatures, the NFSE is still significant for many heavy element isotope systems. In this review paper, we begin with an introduction of the basic concept of the NSFE, including its history and recent progress, and follow with the potential implications of the inclusion of the NFSE into the kinetic isotope fractionation effect （KIE） and heavy isotope geochronology.

发卡式填充结构的直线式移相变压器设计及其磁场分析

在原有直线式移相变压器的基础上,借鉴直线电机相关理论,设计了一款发卡式填充结构的直线式移相变压器,有效地解决了原有结构绕线方式复杂、体积大、不易进行模块化串并联等问题,同时改善了模块化连接时,连接处半填充槽引起的一次侧激磁电流密度降低、气隙磁场畸变等问题。简要介绍了直线式移相变压器系统的工作原理;借鉴直线电机以及旋转电机设计方法,提出了半填充槽结构的直线式移相变压器的设计方法;同时采用了发卡式结构消除连接处半填充槽结构引起的一系列问题;最后通过有限元仿真进行验证对比。结果表明,对于所设计的发卡结构的直线式移相变压器,输出波形较好,气隙磁场畸变较小。

射频电场缀饰下铯Rydberg原子的电磁感应透明光谱

采用全红外光激发Rydberg原子的方案,选择探测光(852 nm)、缀饰光(1470 nm)和耦合光(780 nm),利用三光子激发方式实现了Cs原子Rydberg态(49P_(3/2))的制备.实验上,观测到射频电场作用下|7S_(1/2)?→|49P_(3/2)?Rydberg跃迁形成的电磁感应透明(EIT)效应,实现对Rydberg原子的光学探测,根据EIT光谱的变化来探究射频电场的幅度和频率对光谱的影响.研究表明,随着射频电场幅度的增强,观察到光谱现象从越发明显的ac Stark能移逐步过渡到复杂混合态的多个调制边带,并根据EIT主峰的频移进一步讨论频率对铯泡中电场屏蔽的影响.采用将低频电场调制到射频电场的方式,实现了基于Rydberg原子的50 Hz—1 kHz范围内电场解调,并对解调信号的幅度和频率进行拟合,保真度达到95%.研究结果对Rydberg原子射频光谱探测和低频电场的可溯源测量等提供有价值的参考.

场域迁移与功能转向:中国民族民间舞蹈的“融媒体”传播探析

舞蹈传播的场域及功能适应着文化生态变迁与时代发展,融媒体时代的到来深刻影响着中国民族民间舞蹈传播的结构与功能。舞蹈传播作为传承舞蹈文化的重要途径,其传播场域历经了从自然衍生场域面向舞台演艺场域、教育教学场域的双向传播拓展,即原生态民间舞、舞台化民间舞和学院派民间舞三种传播场域。梳理中国民族民间舞蹈传播的场域类型及场域迁移中的功能转向,有助于把握融媒体时代下中国民族民间舞蹈传播的核心特征及高质量发展路径,以期更好地实现民族民间舞蹈文化的创造性转化和创新性发展。

基于城市建成环境再生的风景园林知识体系拓展

【目的】基于新时期中国城市发展阶段的模式转型,以及风景园林学科的学科定位调整,拓展面向建成环境再生的风景园林知识体系,有助于进一步发挥风景园林规划设计实践在建成环境再生中的引领作用。【方法】在理论上,结合场域理论(field theory)和景观都市主义(landscape urbanism),指出城市建成环境再生范式的三大转变,即“场域”关系的视角转变、城市更新的路径转变、设计主体的身份转变。在实践上,依托从上海“一江一河”到全国“大江大河”的滨水空间营造、街区综合环境提升,以及城市基础设施复合化与景观化的大量实践,深化建成环境再生的“六维空间再生体系”。【结果】强化理论与实践层面对风景园林知识体系拓展的影响,包括空间营造的系统性知识、历史文脉的文化性知识、基础设施的复合性知识、场景节点的建构性知识、环境修复的生态性知识和公共空间的艺术性知识。【结论】倡导“大设计观”下多学科、多领域、多工种的设计跨界与融合,优化范式转变下的风景园林知识体系的拓展路径,推动风景园林共同体为建成环境再生创造新价值、新范式。

Isotope shift of the 2s^(2)S_(1/2)→ 2p^(2)P_(1/2,3/2) transitions of Li-like Ca ions

The mass-and field-shift parameters of the two 2s^(2)S_(1/2)→ 2p^(2)P_(1/2,3/2) transitions in the Li-like Ca ions are calculated by using multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock(MCDHF) and the relativistic configuration interaction(RCI) methods with the inclusion of the transverse photon(Breit) interaction,vacuum polarization and self-energy corrections.In addition,the mass shift and field shift of these two transitions are calculated,where the field shift is calculated by using the evaluated value δ(r^(2)) obtained by [Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 99 69(2013)].It is found that the mass shift of Li-like Ca ions is greater than the field shift.

基于h-BN的方向依赖高次谐波产生(特邀)

利用紧束缚电子能带结构并结合求解两能带半导体Bloch方程的方法,研究了单层h-BN的高次谐波产生过程。结果显示平行于驱动光偏振方向的谐波分量在截止区表现出异常的晶格取向依赖关系,当光子能量超过7.31 eV时,奇次谐波的取向依赖相对于较低级次的奇次谐波取向依赖表现出明显的30°角度偏移。确定了能够发生偏移的那些谐波光子能量与布里渊区M点处的载流子动力学相关。进一步的时频分析表明,当驱动光偏振沿zigzag方向时,截止区谐波仅在特定极性的激光半周期内产生,这导致了zigzag方向谐波的急剧减弱,从而造成了截止区晶格取向分布的偏移。这一现象对利用高次谐波光谱重建电子能带结构具有重要意义。

分层媒质中的分步相位偏移光声成像方法

为了解决波场外推方法在横向声速不均匀的分层媒质中图像重建能力受限的问题,提出了一种基于分步相位偏移的不规则分层媒质光声成像方法。该方法将横向声速差异等效为分层媒质界面处的扰动声源,利用该扰动声源对相位偏移的结果进行额外的校正偏移,并采用变步长的混合外推机制,实现光声波场的逐层外推重建。仿真模拟及实验结果均表明,分步相位偏移方法能够有效抑制不规则分层媒质光声成像中伪影的产生,并提升成像分辨率以及图像对比度。

论设计思维——设计哲学研究之一

设计是工程活动的开端和关键环节。设计哲学是哲学研究的新领域,其主要的哲学研究方法不是“照着讲”或“接着讲”,而是“转域讲”。不同于自然科学主要关注因果过程和因果关系,工程活动首先是目的性过程,是“目的和设计引导”的过程。作为“设计的目标”的人工物有自身的时空特征,它只能是未来时间中的带有偶然性特征的人工物,从而只能是想象的结果,而不能在工程活动开始时成为被感觉检验的对象。设计的对象和目标既不能来自“经验(知觉)”,也不能来自“先天必然的天赋观念”。不同于不受经验检验约束的艺术思维,设计思维中的想象的本性是要构想未来满足需求的可经验人工物。设计思维以图像而非语言为最基本的表达方式。

轻量级卷积神经网络的硬件加速方法

为提升轻量级卷积神经网络在硬件平台的资源利用效率和推理速度,基于软硬件协同优化的思想,提出一种面向FPGA平台的轻量级卷积神经网络加速器,并针对网络结构的特性设计专门的硬件架构。与多级并行策略结合,设计一种统一的卷积层计算单元。为降低模型存储成本、提高加速器的吞吐量,提出一种基于可微阈值的选择性移位量化方案,使计算单元能够以硬件友好的形式执行计算。实验结果表明,在Arria 10 FPGA平台上部署的MobileNetV2加速器能够达到311 fps的推理速度,相比CPU版本实现了约9.3倍的加速比、GPU版本约3倍的加速比。在吞吐量方面,加速器能够实现98.62 GOPS。

基于Bloch-Siegert Shift的7.0 T磁共振电特性成像研究

磁共振电特性成像是一种不同于质子密度成像的方法,该研究基于Bloch-Siegert shift(BSS),首先重建了射频场幅度,计算得到介电常数的分布,而射频场的相位是由磁化强度的相位分量近似得到,进而计算得到电导率的分布。实验利用Bruker 7.0 T磁共振设备,对两种水模和活体Balb/c小鼠进行了成像,得到电特性图像。结果表明,Bloch-Siegert B1+映像在成像效率上显著优于双角度B1+映像。该研究可为组织电特性的B1场成像选取合适的B 1mapping技术提供参考,为推动磁共振电特性的实用化提供基础研究支持。