As one of the paradigmatic models of non-equilibrium systems, the asymmetric simple exclusion process（ASEP） has been widely used to study many physical, chemical, and biological systems. The ASEP shows a range of no...As one of the paradigmatic models of non-equilibrium systems, the asymmetric simple exclusion process（ASEP） has been widely used to study many physical, chemical, and biological systems. The ASEP shows a range of nontrivial macroscopic phenomena, among which, the spontaneous symmetry breaking has gained a great deal of attention. Nevertheless,as a basic problem, it has been controversial whether there exist one or two symmetry-broken phases in the ASEP. Based on the mean field analysis and current minimization principle, this paper demonstrates that one of the broken-symmetry phases does not exist in a bidirectional two-lane ASEP with narrow entrances. Moreover, an exponential decay feature is observed,which has been used to predict the phase boundary in the thermodynamic limit. Our findings might be generalized to other ASEP models and thus deepen the understanding of the spontaneous symmetry breaking in non-equilibrium systems.展开更多
Non-static plane symmetric cosmological solutions are presented in the presence of cosmic strings in the scalar-tensor theory of gravitation formulated by Sen ＆ Dunn. It is shown that string cosmological models repre...Non-static plane symmetric cosmological solutions are presented in the presence of cosmic strings in the scalar-tensor theory of gravitation formulated by Sen ＆ Dunn. It is shown that string cosmological models representing geometric strings （ρ = λ） and massive strings （ρ ＋λ = 0） do exist in this theory. Further, it is found that the Takabayasi string, i.e. ρ= （1 ＋ζ）λ, does not exist. Some physical and geometrical features of these models are discussed.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB725404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11422221 and 11672289)
文摘As one of the paradigmatic models of non-equilibrium systems, the asymmetric simple exclusion process（ASEP） has been widely used to study many physical, chemical, and biological systems. The ASEP shows a range of nontrivial macroscopic phenomena, among which, the spontaneous symmetry breaking has gained a great deal of attention. Nevertheless,as a basic problem, it has been controversial whether there exist one or two symmetry-broken phases in the ASEP. Based on the mean field analysis and current minimization principle, this paper demonstrates that one of the broken-symmetry phases does not exist in a bidirectional two-lane ASEP with narrow entrances. Moreover, an exponential decay feature is observed,which has been used to predict the phase boundary in the thermodynamic limit. Our findings might be generalized to other ASEP models and thus deepen the understanding of the spontaneous symmetry breaking in non-equilibrium systems.
文摘Non-static plane symmetric cosmological solutions are presented in the presence of cosmic strings in the scalar-tensor theory of gravitation formulated by Sen ＆ Dunn. It is shown that string cosmological models representing geometric strings （ρ = λ） and massive strings （ρ ＋λ = 0） do exist in this theory. Further, it is found that the Takabayasi string, i.e. ρ= （1 ＋ζ）λ, does not exist. Some physical and geometrical features of these models are discussed.
