The concept of a major inhibitory role of serotonin in aggressive behavior is widely accepted by investigators. There was ample evidence that a pharmacologically-induced increase in the serotonin activity attenuates a...The concept of a major inhibitory role of serotonin in aggressive behavior is widely accepted by investigators. There was ample evidence that a pharmacologically-induced increase in the serotonin activity attenuates agonistic behavior in animals, and that the manipulations inhibiting the brain serotonergic system can elicit aggressiveness in male mice and rats. Repeated experience of aggression in daily agonistic interactions has been shown to reduce serotonin activity in brain of victorious male mice. The study aimed to analyze expression of the serotonergic genes -Tph2, Sert, Maoa and Htr1a, as well as the Bdnf and Creb genes in the midbrain raphe nuclei of male mice with positive fighting experience in daily encounters and male mice with the same track record of aggression followed by two-week no-fight period. It has been shown that mRNA levels of the serotonergic and Creb genes are reduced in the winners in comparison with male mice without consecutive positive fighting experience of aggression. After the fighting deprivation the Tph2, Sert, Bdnf and Creb genes recover their expression while mRNA levels of the Maoa and Htr1a genes proceed at a significantly higher level as compared with the respective controls. Downregulation of serotonergic genes is indicative of the inhibition of serotonergic activity under repeated experience of aggression. Nevertheless recovering of Tph2 and Sert gene expression and overexpression of the Maoa and Htr1a genes after no-fight period suggest that changes in brain serotonergic activity are not main cause of the behavioral pathology developing in male mice in this experimental context.展开更多
POVERTY is a common challenge and a major global issue all countries have to face in their economic and social development. Therefore, the fight against poverty is crucial for the progress of human society.
In 1945,after two world wars,most countries were in ruins and the survivors craved an end to the dark days of pain,hunger and humiliation.The United Nations(UN)was founded to address these challenges and for three qua...In 1945,after two world wars,most countries were in ruins and the survivors craved an end to the dark days of pain,hunger and humiliation.The United Nations(UN)was founded to address these challenges and for three quarters of a century,the world in general has been free from the scourge of war.More countries have gained national independence and economic prosperity,and more than 1 billion people have emerged from poverty.The vision of the founders of the UN has become a reality.However,on September 21,when the 193-member world body commemorated its 75th anniversary,the celebrations were muted.Nobody felt cheerful and no place was safe for gathering together or shaking hands.Three kinds of rampant viruses stood in the way.展开更多
Since the beginning of 2017, the Islamic State or IS that had been rampant during the past three years in the Middle East has been in the retreat on the battle field in both Iraq and Syria, and seems to have to entere...Since the beginning of 2017, the Islamic State or IS that had been rampant during the past three years in the Middle East has been in the retreat on the battle field in both Iraq and Syria, and seems to have to entered into a dead end, with its territory rapidly shrinking, financial resources gradually tightening and troops declining, under the forceful annihilation launched jointly by various parties concerned. In Iraq, after fierce fighting for months, the Iraqi Prime Minister al-Abadi formally announced on July 9th that ＂Mosul has been liberated＂, with the IS losing the last stronghold in Iraq. In Syria, the SDF, the Kurdish armed force supported by the United States, has opened fire on the IS, besieging Raqqa,展开更多
大气^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb的沉降通量是海洋中核素示踪颗粒物动力学过程(颗粒有机碳输出、颗粒物输运)的基础参数,为揭示我国近海地区^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb活度浓度的时空变化规律并估算其沉降入海通量,本文于2016年9...大气^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb的沉降通量是海洋中核素示踪颗粒物动力学过程(颗粒有机碳输出、颗粒物输运)的基础参数,为揭示我国近海地区^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb活度浓度的时空变化规律并估算其沉降入海通量,本文于2016年9月至翌年2月和2021年9-11月分别对上海及厦门地区近地表大气气溶胶中^(210)Po、^(210)Pb和^(210)Bi的活度浓度进行了连续观测;基于^(210)Po-^(210)Pb活度比(^(210)Po/^(210)Pb)和^(210)Bi-^(210)Pb活度比(^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb)两种示踪法计算了气溶胶颗粒物的滞留时间,并利用一维简单气溶胶沉降速率模型估算了3种核素以大气沉降方式输入东海的通量。结果显示,2016年上海秋、冬两季^(210)Po、^(210)Bi、^(210)Pb 3种核素活度浓度的变化范围分别为0.11~1.27 m Bq/m^(3)、0.45~1.83 m Bq/m^(3)和1.12~6.10 m Bq/m^(3);2021年秋季厦门^(210)Po、^(210)Bi、^(210)Pb 3种核素活度浓度的变化范围分别为0.05~0.85 m Bq/m^(3)、0.83~2.52 m Bq/m^(3)和0.17~1.32 m Bq/m^(3),上海近地表气溶胶中3种核素的活度浓度秋季平均值比厦门地区高。利用^(210)Po/^(210)Pb和^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb计算得到上海和厦门近地面大气的气溶胶滞留时间存在显著差异,基于^(210)Po/^(210)Pb计算上海气溶胶滞留时间均值为(94±54)d,基于^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb计算上海气溶胶滞留时间均值为(6.4±4.8)d,造成这种差异的原因很可能是两种示踪法本身具有的系统性差异。本文基于一维简易气溶胶沉降速率模型估算了上海地区的^(210)Pb、^(210)Bi和^(210)Po的大气沉降入东海的通量,其在秋季期间的变化范围分别为0.1~26.35 Bq/(m^(2)·d)、0.04~7.91 Bq/(m^(2)·d)和0.01~5.49 Bq/(m^(2)·d)。基于模型估算的^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb沉降通量与研究区域的实际观测值接近一致,表明利用一维简易气溶胶沉降速率模型间接估算法在替代观测站直测核素的沉降入海通量方面具有一定可行性。展开更多
Sitting in a wheelchair,63-yearold Zhang Guimei received a medal and certificate from Chinese President Xi Jinping at a national commendation conference marking China’s achievements in poverty eradication held in Bei...Sitting in a wheelchair,63-yearold Zhang Guimei received a medal and certificate from Chinese President Xi Jinping at a national commendation conference marking China’s achievements in poverty eradication held in Beijing on February 25.展开更多
文摘The concept of a major inhibitory role of serotonin in aggressive behavior is widely accepted by investigators. There was ample evidence that a pharmacologically-induced increase in the serotonin activity attenuates agonistic behavior in animals, and that the manipulations inhibiting the brain serotonergic system can elicit aggressiveness in male mice and rats. Repeated experience of aggression in daily agonistic interactions has been shown to reduce serotonin activity in brain of victorious male mice. The study aimed to analyze expression of the serotonergic genes -Tph2, Sert, Maoa and Htr1a, as well as the Bdnf and Creb genes in the midbrain raphe nuclei of male mice with positive fighting experience in daily encounters and male mice with the same track record of aggression followed by two-week no-fight period. It has been shown that mRNA levels of the serotonergic and Creb genes are reduced in the winners in comparison with male mice without consecutive positive fighting experience of aggression. After the fighting deprivation the Tph2, Sert, Bdnf and Creb genes recover their expression while mRNA levels of the Maoa and Htr1a genes proceed at a significantly higher level as compared with the respective controls. Downregulation of serotonergic genes is indicative of the inhibition of serotonergic activity under repeated experience of aggression. Nevertheless recovering of Tph2 and Sert gene expression and overexpression of the Maoa and Htr1a genes after no-fight period suggest that changes in brain serotonergic activity are not main cause of the behavioral pathology developing in male mice in this experimental context.
文摘POVERTY is a common challenge and a major global issue all countries have to face in their economic and social development. Therefore, the fight against poverty is crucial for the progress of human society.
文摘In 1945,after two world wars,most countries were in ruins and the survivors craved an end to the dark days of pain,hunger and humiliation.The United Nations(UN)was founded to address these challenges and for three quarters of a century,the world in general has been free from the scourge of war.More countries have gained national independence and economic prosperity,and more than 1 billion people have emerged from poverty.The vision of the founders of the UN has become a reality.However,on September 21,when the 193-member world body commemorated its 75th anniversary,the celebrations were muted.Nobody felt cheerful and no place was safe for gathering together or shaking hands.Three kinds of rampant viruses stood in the way.
文摘Since the beginning of 2017, the Islamic State or IS that had been rampant during the past three years in the Middle East has been in the retreat on the battle field in both Iraq and Syria, and seems to have to entered into a dead end, with its territory rapidly shrinking, financial resources gradually tightening and troops declining, under the forceful annihilation launched jointly by various parties concerned. In Iraq, after fierce fighting for months, the Iraqi Prime Minister al-Abadi formally announced on July 9th that ＂Mosul has been liberated＂, with the IS losing the last stronghold in Iraq. In Syria, the SDF, the Kurdish armed force supported by the United States, has opened fire on the IS, besieging Raqqa,
文摘大气^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb的沉降通量是海洋中核素示踪颗粒物动力学过程(颗粒有机碳输出、颗粒物输运)的基础参数,为揭示我国近海地区^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb活度浓度的时空变化规律并估算其沉降入海通量,本文于2016年9月至翌年2月和2021年9-11月分别对上海及厦门地区近地表大气气溶胶中^(210)Po、^(210)Pb和^(210)Bi的活度浓度进行了连续观测;基于^(210)Po-^(210)Pb活度比(^(210)Po/^(210)Pb)和^(210)Bi-^(210)Pb活度比(^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb)两种示踪法计算了气溶胶颗粒物的滞留时间,并利用一维简单气溶胶沉降速率模型估算了3种核素以大气沉降方式输入东海的通量。结果显示,2016年上海秋、冬两季^(210)Po、^(210)Bi、^(210)Pb 3种核素活度浓度的变化范围分别为0.11~1.27 m Bq/m^(3)、0.45~1.83 m Bq/m^(3)和1.12~6.10 m Bq/m^(3);2021年秋季厦门^(210)Po、^(210)Bi、^(210)Pb 3种核素活度浓度的变化范围分别为0.05~0.85 m Bq/m^(3)、0.83~2.52 m Bq/m^(3)和0.17~1.32 m Bq/m^(3),上海近地表气溶胶中3种核素的活度浓度秋季平均值比厦门地区高。利用^(210)Po/^(210)Pb和^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb计算得到上海和厦门近地面大气的气溶胶滞留时间存在显著差异,基于^(210)Po/^(210)Pb计算上海气溶胶滞留时间均值为(94±54)d,基于^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb计算上海气溶胶滞留时间均值为(6.4±4.8)d,造成这种差异的原因很可能是两种示踪法本身具有的系统性差异。本文基于一维简易气溶胶沉降速率模型估算了上海地区的^(210)Pb、^(210)Bi和^(210)Po的大气沉降入东海的通量,其在秋季期间的变化范围分别为0.1~26.35 Bq/(m^(2)·d)、0.04~7.91 Bq/(m^(2)·d)和0.01~5.49 Bq/(m^(2)·d)。基于模型估算的^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb沉降通量与研究区域的实际观测值接近一致,表明利用一维简易气溶胶沉降速率模型间接估算法在替代观测站直测核素的沉降入海通量方面具有一定可行性。
文摘Sitting in a wheelchair,63-yearold Zhang Guimei received a medal and certificate from Chinese President Xi Jinping at a national commendation conference marking China’s achievements in poverty eradication held in Beijing on February 25.
