Self-compression of femtosecond pulses in argon with a power close to the self-focusing threshold

Self-compression of femtosecond pulses in noble gases with an input power close to the self-focusing threshold has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. It is demonstrated that either multiphoton ionization （MPI） or space-time focusing and self-steepening effects can induce pulse shortening, but they predominate at different beam intensities during the propagation. The latter effects play a key role in the final pulse self-compression. By choosing an appropriate focusing parameter, action distance of the space-time focusing and self-steepening effects can be lengthened, which can promote a shock pulse structure with a duration as short as two optical cycles. It is also found that, for our calculation cases in which an input pulse power is close to the self-focusing threshold, either group velocity dispersion （GVD） or multiphoton absorption （MPA） has a negligible influence on pulse characteristics in the propagation process.

Characteristics of Self-Focusing Dueto the Pondermotive Forcein Laser-Plasma Interaction

The Max’s equation of self-focusing in laser-plasma interaction due to the pondermotive force has been discussed and its physical meaning of the assumption has been predicted. The characteristics of selffocusing due to the pondermotive force with different initial situations have been analyzed through the numerical calculation.

Transverse Localization of Light in 1D Self-Focusing Parity-Time-Symmetric Optical Lattices

Transverse localization of light is investigated numerically in a serf-focusing Kerr medium with a complex-valued optical lattice featuring parity-time symmetry. It is demonstrated that the light localization exists below the threshold of the spatial frequency of the lattices, and is further enhanced with the decrease of the spatial frequency. The influence of defects on the transverse localization is also discussed in detail. The results show that both positive and negative defects in such a medium would enhance the localization.

Transition from a filamentary mode to a diffuse one with varying distance from needle to stream of an argon plasma jet

Plasma jet has extensive application potentials in various fields, which normally operates in a diffuse mode when helium is used as the working gas. However, when less expensive argon is used, the plasma jet often operates in a filamentary mode. Compared to the filamentary mode, the diffuse mode is more desirable for applications. Hence, many efforts have been exerted to accomplish the diffuse mode of the argon plasma jet. In this paper, a novel single-needle argon plasma jet is developed to obtain the diffuse mode. It is found that the plasma jet operates in the filamentary mode when the distance from the needle tip to the central line of the argon stream(d) is short. It transits to the diffuse mode with increasing d. For the diffuse mode, there is always one discharge pulse per voltage cycle, which initiates at the rising edge of the positive voltage. For comparison, the number of discharge pulse increases with an increase in the peak voltage for the filamentary mode. Fast photography reveals that the plasma plume in the filamentary mode results from a guided positive streamer,which propagates in the argon stream. However, the plume in the diffuse mode originates from a branched streamer, which propagates in the interfacial layer between the argon stream and the surrounding air. By optical emission spectroscopy,plasma parameters are investigated for the two discharge modes, which show a similar trend with increasing d. The diffuse mode has lower electron temperature, electron density, vibrational temperature, and gas temperature compared to the filamentary mode.

Spatiotemporal evolution of high-aspect-ratio filamentary trace in sapphire of picosecond pulse burst-mode for laser lift-off

The influence of the picosecond(ps) pulsed burst with a nanosecond scale of temporal separation(50 ns) on filamentary traces in sapphire substrate is investigated. The spatiotemporal evolution of the filamentary plasma string induced by sub-pulses of the burst-mode is revealed according to the analysis of the instantaneous photoluminescence images. Due to the presence of residual plasma, the energy loss of sub-pulse during the balancing of self-focusing effect is reduced, and thus refreshes the plasma via refocusing. The refreshed plasma peak generated by the subsequent subpulse appears at relatively low density positions in the formed filamentary plasma string, which results in more uniform densities and less spatial overlap among the plasma peaks. The continuity and uniformity of the filamentary trace in sapphire are enhanced by the burst-mode. Besides, the burst filamentary propagation can also remain effective when the sub-pulse energy is below the self-focusing threshold. Based on this uniform and precise energy propagation mode, the feasibility of its use for the laser lift-off(LLO) process is verified.

Magnetoresistivity and filamentary superconductivity in nickel-doped BaFe_2As_2

We present magnetotransport studies on a series of BaFe2_xNixAs2 （0.03 〈 x 〈 0.10） single crystals. In the un- derdoped （x = 0.03） non-superconducting sample, the temperature-dependent resistivity exhibits a peak at 22 K, which is associated with the onset of filamentary superconductivity （FLSC）. FLSC is suppressed by an external magnetic field in a manner similar to the suppression of bulk superconductivity in an optimally-doped （x = 0.10） compound, suggesting the same possible origin as the bulk superconductivity. Our magnetoresistivity measurements reveal that FLSC persists up to the optimal doping and disappears in the overdoped regime where the long-range antiferromagnetic order is completely suppressed, pointing to a close relation between FLSC and the magnetic order.

Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo simulation of filamentary barrier discharges

The plasma behavior of filamentary barrier discharges in helium is simulated using a twodimensional（2D） particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo model. Four different phases have been suggested in terms of the development of the discharge： the Townsend phase; the space-charge dominated phase; the formation of the cathode layer, and the extinguishing phase. The spatialtemporal evolution of the particle densities, velocities of the charged particles, electric fields, and surface charges has been demonstrated. Our simulation provides insights into the underlying mechanism of the discharge and explains many dynamical behaviors of dielectric barrier discharge（DBD） filaments.

One-Dimensional Filamentary Multiparticle Quantum Structures Arising in the Plane Transverse to External Homogeneous Magnetic Field

It is shown that a single-particle wave function Ψ, obtained (Landau, 1930) as a solution of the Schr?dinger equation (for a charged particle in a homogeneous magnetic field), and an operator relation of?(or equation?) lead to the dynamic description of one-dimensional many-particle quantum filamentary states. Thus, one can overcome the problem, connected with the finding of many-body wave function as solution of the Schr?dinger equation with a very tangled Hamiltonian for multi-body system. An effect of nonlocality appears. The dependence of the linear density of particles on the magnetic field and on the number of particles in the one- dimension filamentary multiparticle quantum structure is calculated.

弱光触发下GaAs光电导开关的载流子输运和热失效机制

弱光触发下高倍增砷化镓光电导开关(GaAs PCSS)内以丝状电流为表现形式的载流子输运机制对其瞬态工作特性和寿命研究有重要意义。该文基于有限元方法构建了GaAs PCSS的物理模型,结合丝状电流的生热机制对1.5μJ弱光触发下开关的瞬态输出电流和晶格温度进行了仿真分析,考察了偏置电场对GaAs PCSS输出特性的影响。通过不同时刻开关内部的瞬态电场、电子浓度和晶格温度等方面研究了高倍增模式下GaAs PCSS的光生载流子输运过程和损伤机理。结果表明,高密度丝状电流的存在伴随于高场畴的产生和发展。开关内部电场越高,负微分效应引起的载流子聚束现象越明显,相应的电子浓度和晶格温度值也越高;在浓度达1017 cm^(-3)数量级的等离子体通道中,阳极附近电场强度和晶格温度最大值分别为220 kV/cm和821.92 K。

A simple method for pulse contrast enhancement via self-focusing

Here we report on a simple-to-implement and cost-effective approach for laser pulse contrast enhancement,based on the χ(3)nonlinear self-focusing effect.An intentionally induced and gently controlled self-focusing in a thin glass transforms the time-dependent intensity into variation in beam divergence.Followed by a spatial discriminating filter,only the strongly focused fraction traverses the setup,at the expense of efficiency.A numerical model,accounting for the pulse and material parameters via a Gaussian ABCD matrix,provides an estimate for the instantaneous beam waist and transmission efficiency,which enables us to evaluate the resulting contrast enhancement.The estimated contrast enhancement spans between 0.5 and 2.5 orders of magnitude,in conjunction with approximately 25%–90%estimated efficiency,depending on the pulse parameters.In a preliminary experiment we demonstrated the effect with 10s-μJ sub GW regime with approximately 40%efficiency and a contrast improvement of more than or equal to 20 dB.

Theory of small-scale self-focusing of spatially partially coherent beams and its implications for high-power laser systems

Based on the paraxial wave equation,this study extends the theory of small-scale self-focusing(SSSF)from coherent beams to spatially partially coherent beams(PCBs)and derives a general theoretical equation that reveals the underlying physics of the reduction in the B-integral of spatially PCBs.From the analysis of the simulations,the formula for the modulational instability(MI)gain coefficient of the SSSF of spatially PCBs is obtained by introducing a decrease factor into the formula of the MI gain coefficient of the SSSF of coherent beams.This decrease can be equated to a drop in the injected light intensity or an increase in the critical power.According to this formula,the reference value of the spatial coherence of spatially PCBs is given,offering guidance to overcome the output power limitation of the high-power laser driver due to SSSF.

丝状角膜炎角膜丝状物构成分析

背景丝状角膜炎患者临床症状较重，易复发，病因复杂，治疗十分棘手。目前，其发病机制仍不明确，对丝状物构成方面的研究较少，结果不一。目的应用影像学检查结合组织病理学方法检测丝状角膜炎患者丝状物的组成结构，分析角膜丝状物的形成机制。方法收集山东省眼科医院2008年1月至2011年1月收治的丝状角膜炎患者82例88眼，详细记录患者的病史等临床资料，并根据病因进行分类。采用高清光学相干断层扫描（HD-OCT）检查角膜丝状物附着处的角膜结构，激光扫描共焦显微镜（LSCM）检查角膜丝状物的组成结构，然后取丝状物铺片行Giemsa染色及Masson三色染色，分析丝状物的成分。结果穿透角膜移植术后发生丝状角膜炎者40例；白内障手术、准分子激光角膜切削术（PRK）等术后发生者18例；眼部功能失调，如干眼、神经营养不良性角膜病者14例；急性结膜炎患者10例。HD—OCT显示丝状物病变可累及前弹力层。LSCM检查显示，丝状物由上皮细胞、炎性细胞、黏液、高反光螺旋状条索形核心构成，核心中含有上皮细胞、炎性细胞及纤维状组织。Giemsa染色结果显示，角膜丝状物含有角膜上皮细胞、炎性细胞和黏液，丝状物中央有螺旋状深蓝染的条状核心，核心中含有炎性细胞、上皮细胞、纤维状细胞。Masson三色染色表明，条状核心呈红色纤维组织，周围黏液为蓝色。结论角膜炎丝状物的主要成分有条状核心、炎性细胞、上皮细胞和黏液，病变较深，可达前弹力层。

大变形Cu-10Ag原位纤维复合材料的结构和性能

研究了低Ag含量 (10 % ,质量分数 )的Cu Ag原位纤维复合材料的结构和性能 ,结果表明通过原位复合技术可获得强度 >1.5GPa、导电率 (IACS) >6 5 %的原位纤维复合材料。研究了不同中间热处理温度对材料性能的影响 ,并考察了材料的稳定性 ,结果表明通过控制变形量、调整中间热处理及稳定化热处理规范 ,可以获得具有不同强度和导电率组合的Cu 10Ag原位纤维复合材料。材料在自然时效与低温退火过程中 ,有沉淀强化效应产生 ,但导电率基本保持稳定。

纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电特性实验研究

在常规大气环境条件下,基于单极性纳秒脉冲电源对表面介质阻挡放电特性进行了实验研究。结果表明:纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电的本质是丝状放电,放电集中在电压脉冲的上升沿;激励电压和脉冲重复频率越大,放电越强烈,越接近均匀放电,但电压的作用更侧重于均匀性,而频率的作用则侧重于放电的强度;电极间隙的优化可以使表面介质阻挡放电特性最好;玻璃作为阻挡介质时容易发生沿面闪络。

大气压氦气平行板介质阻挡放电的形式转换

通过短时曝光图像和回路电流,研究了大气压氦气介质阻挡丝状、柱状、局部均匀和全部均匀等放电形式的特性、转换规律,以及柱状与丝状的区别与诊断方法。研究发现:气隙放电后降低外加电压放电仍维持;3 mm气隙含空气40 Pa在14 kHz、11.4 kHz或10 kHz的起始放电为全部均匀形式,由最低放电维持电压升高到起始放电电压,放电形式依次为局部均匀-柱状-全部均匀;3 mm气隙含空气20 Pa在10 kHz、12 kHz或14 kHz的起始放电为全部均匀形式,由最低放电维持电压升高到起始放电电压,放电依次为柱状-全部均匀;2 mm气隙含空气20 Pa在18 kHz的起始放电为柱状放电,由最低放电维持电压升高到超过起始放电电压,放电形式依次为丝状-柱状-全部均匀。电流波形有毛刺、无汤森放电、放电位置不固定等可诊断丝状放电。

高温扩散对2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢锭组织与性能的影响

研究了高温扩散工艺对2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢锭枝晶组织、锻造纤维状组织以及锻件冲击韧性的影响。结果表明,提高加热温度、增加保温时间均可提高组织均匀程度。从枝晶组织消除程度判断,2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢锭至少应在1200℃保温20 h,但保温时间不宜过长。锻前进行高温扩散可有效减轻锻后的纤维状组织。锻造比较大时,横向冲击韧性随保温时间增大;而发达的纤维状组织以及高温扩散引起成分的均匀化可提高纵向冲击韧性。

大塑性变形金属基纳米纤维复合材料制备工艺与研究现状

复合材料通常是具有很多优良性能的复合体,而纳米材料因其特殊的结构和尺寸效应而具有常规材料无法比拟的优异性能。纳米纤维复合材料的出现结合了复合材料和纳米材料的特殊性能。目前,相关的研究重点是把常规复合材料纳米化,使其成为具有更优异性能的复合材料。介绍了国内外纳米纤维复合材料的3种制备工艺和目前的研究现状,并结合现有实验手段和对材料的使用性能要求提出了一种新型的制备方法。

大气压介质阻挡放电三种模式的电学特征

为了解大气压介质阻挡放电3种放电模式（丝状放电、辉光放电、伪辉光放电）的电学特征，利用10～50kHz、0～20kV电源在平板电极结构上实现3种放电模式，并通过放电图片、电压电流曲线、电压一电荷李萨如图形对各放电模式进行诊断和电学特征阐述。试验证实3种放电模式确实存在且可在一定条件下相互转化。

形变Cu-15%Cr原位复合材料的组织和力学性能

通过冷变形拉拔结合中间热处理制备了纤维相增强的Cu-15wt%Cr合金,研究了变形过程对组织形态和力学性能的影响。用SEM观察分析了材料的组织结构。研究表明,通过形变原位复合技术,可以获得抗拉强度大于1000MPa,导电率大于71%IACS的形变Cu-15wt%Cr原位复合材料。通过控制形变量以及调整中间热处理和稳定化热处理规范,可以获得不同强度和导电率的组合。形变量越大,纤维越均匀细化。力学性能和电阻率测试结果表明,随形变量增加,强度提高,同时电阻率增大。

空气中纳秒脉冲均匀介质阻挡放电研究

大气压空气中均匀介质阻挡放电具有广泛的应用前景,实现均匀放电是介质阻挡放电应用关键之一,因而利用上升沿40ns,脉宽70ns的重复频率纳秒脉冲电源激励在大气压空气中产生介质阻挡放电,介绍了纳秒脉冲均匀介质阻挡放电的电特性和放电图像及放电发射光谱,获得了2ns曝光时间的高速摄影放电图像。发现空气中1mm气隙距离下可以实现均匀放电,气隙距离增加至4mm时放电转变为明显的丝状放电,通过观察发射光谱显示等离子体谱线主要是来自400nm以下的氮分子第二正系。结果证实了大气压空气中利用ns脉冲激励可以产生稳定介质阻挡放电,且能实现均匀放电,是典型非平衡态低温等离子体。