Study on the Relationship of the Characteristics of Vascular Bundles in the First Internode and Grain-filling of Heavy Panicle Type Hybrid Rice

The characteristics of vascular bundle in the first internode from top and grain-filling of heavy panicle type hybrid rice(HPTHR) were studied. The results were as follows: The HPTHR had more vascular bundles and a much bigger area of single vascular bundle, all vascular bundle, all phloem and all xylem in the first inter-node than Shanyou63. The vascular bundles had the similar load of spikelet number and sink capacity between the HPTHR and Shanyou63. The HPTHR had not only a larger sink but also normal grain-filling and sink-filling, high seed-setting rate and heavier panicle. Those characteristics of vascular bundle were the biological bases for the larger and heavier panicle of HPTHR. The results also indicated that the breeding model of HPTHR was an effective measure for the super high-yielding rice breeding.

Effects of Panicle Nitrogen Fertilization on Non-Structural Carbohydrate and Grain Filling in Indica Rice

Grain filling, a crucial stage of grain yield formation in rice, is usually affected by the panicle nitrogen （N） fertilization. Field and pot culture experiments were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of N effect. Two rice cultivars with high lodging resistance were grown in the field and pot. Four panicle N fertilization treatments were conducted in 2006 and repeated in 2007. The result showed that medium level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NM） enhanced the accumulation and translocation of non-structural carbohydrate （NSC） in the stem and sheath. Compared with non-nitrogen treatment （NO）, NM promoted the translocation of labeled ^13C from stem and sheath to grain. But, low level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NL） and high level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NH） showed the negative effect. The endosperm cell, grain length, and grain width of NM increased more quickly than that of NO from 4 to 10 d after anthesis. During the early period of grain filling, sucrose-phosphate synthase （EC 2.4.1.14, SPS） activity were significantly higher for the NM treatment than those of the NL and NH treatments. Sucrose synthase （EC 2.4.1.13, SuSase） activity in the grains was substantially enhanced by NM, with the duration of higher activity being longer than those of the other treatments. At maturing stage, NM significantly increased the filled grain number, the seed-setting rate, and the grain weight compared with NL and NH. The results suggest that NM have a positive effect on the activities of enzymes of physiological importance, thereby increasing the grain size and promoting grain filling.

Dynamic Development of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Rice Plant by Artificial Inoculation in the Greenhouse

A study was done on the relationship between Aphelenchoides besseyi and the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. This is an important rice disease in Jiangsu Province, China. A. besseyi was extracted from small grains and erect panicles and cultured artificially, and then inoculated into bud and leaf sheaths of seedlings of two Oryza sativa cultivars, namely Zhendao 2 and Wuyunjing 7 in a greenhouse. The effect on rice growth, in particular the small grains and erect panicles, was revealed by the extent of the disease, seed expansion stages, nematode load, and nematode mortality. In contrast to healthy seedlings, the height, length, and the numbers of spikelets of unhealthy panicles of Zhendao 2 were decreased by 6.7, 16.4, and 13.5%, respectively. Before anthesis, nematodes were attracted to the leaf sheath and apical meristem, nematode load increased by 40%; after anthesis, nematodes occurred in spikelets principally and the number increased by 90.8%. The percentages of infected seeds and nematode load were highest in plump seeds and lowest in empty seeds. Nematode mortality on grain with normal endosperm was lower than seeds with abnormal endosperm. Results indicated that A. besseyi was the pathogen in rice with the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. Wuyunjing 7 manifests only the small grains and erect panicles symptoms and not the symptoms of leaf white-tip. These symptoms of small grains and erect panicles are new symptom records for the disease caused by A. besseyi on rice.

Superior grains determined by grain weight are not fully correlated with the flowering order in rice

Rice panicles are composed of many branches with two types of extreme grains,the superior and the inferior.Traditionally,it has been well accepted that earlier flowers result in superior grains and late flowers generate inferior grains.However,these correlations have never been strictly examined in practice.In order to determine the accurate relationship between superior and inferior grains and the flowering order,we localized all the seeds in a panicle in four distinct rice species and systematically documented the rice flowering order,flower locations and the final grain weight for their relationships.Our results demonstrated that the grain weight is more heavily determined by the position of the seeds than by the flowering order.Despite earlier flowering has a positive correlation with the grain weight in general,grains from flowers blooming on the second day after anthesis generally gained the highest weight.This suggests earlier flowers may not result in superior grains.Therefore,we concluded that superior and inferior grains,commonly determined by grain weight,are not fully correlated with the flowering order in rice.Following the order of the grain weight,the superior grains are generally localized at the middle parts of the primary branches,whereas inferior grains were mainly on the last two secondary branches of the lower half part of the panicle.In addition,the weight of inferior grains were affected by spikelet thinning and spraying with exogenous plant growth regulators,indicating that physiological incompetence might be the major reason for the occurrence of the inferior grains.

RGB1 Regulates Rice Panicle Architecture and Grain Filling Through Monitoring Cytokinin Level in Inflorescence Meristem and Grain Abscisic Acid Level During Filling Stage

RGB1 regulated not only rice panicle architecture but also the grain filling process.Suppression of RGB1 expression resulted in a denser panicle and smaller grain size and weight,which was largely due to the lower endogenous cytokinin(CK)level caused by the increased expression of cytokinin oxidase genes in the inflorescence meristem.Suppression of RGB1 expression also significantly delayed the grain development and reduced the starch accumulation rate through reducing grain abscisic acid(ABA)accumulation during early filling stage.Exogenous ABA can partially rescue the detrimental effects of suppression of RGB1 expression on starch accumulation and grain weight.In conclusion,RGB1 regulated rice panicle architecture and grain filling through monitoring CK level in the inflorescence meristem and grain ABA level during filling stage.

Morphological and physiological traits of large-panicle rice varieties with high filled-grain percentage

financed by the Special Program of Super Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, China （02318802013231）;the National Public Services Sectors （Agricultural） Research Projects, Ministry of Agriculture, China （201303102）;the Great Technology Project of Ningbo, China （2013C11001）

Symptom of the Shrunk-Grain Panicle and the Change Characteristics in Its Grain

Over the past two years, an abnormal growth phenomenon Jiangsu Province of China. The phenomenon is described in called shrunk-grain panicle has occurred in a large area in details by figures and characters in this article. The method with a japonica rice Wuyujing 3 as the experimental material, the characteristics of grain morphology distribution and the grain weight were studied. Normal and shrunk-grain panicles were sampled from several representative areas. The length, width, and weight of the normal grains were distributed as regular, continuous, and single peaks. Plant growth typically had a right-leaning tendency. On the contrary, the distribution of the grain morphology and weight were irregular and nearly double that of the shrunk-grain panicle. The proportion of the cumulative distribution in the two kinds of peaks was closely related to the degree of shrunk-grain panicle. The article discusses the phenomenon＇s symptoms, problems, and diagnosis.

氮素穗肥对杂交籼稻籽粒灌浆影响及其与淀粉合成关键酶活性间关系

【目的】为明确氮素穗肥对杂交稻籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响。【方法】选用两个直链淀粉含量差异较大的杂交稻品种锦优1319(高直链淀粉)和蓉优702(低直链淀粉),在不同的氮素穗肥处理下(设0、60、90和120 kg/hm^(2)4个纯氮水平,分别用CK、N1、N2、N3表示)研究氮素穗肥水平对籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响。【结果】不同穗肥处理下杂交稻籽粒灌浆特性差异显著,且不同类型品种表现各异,其中氮素穗肥的施用显著降低了稻米的直链淀粉含量。锦优1319的Gmax和Gmean随氮素穗肥水平的变化均表现为N2>CK>N1>N3,而蓉优702则表现为N3>N2>CK>N1;施用氮素穗肥显著增加了花后5~25 d籽粒腺苷二磷酸焦磷酸化酶(ADPG)和淀粉分支酶(DBE)的活性,降低了花后5~15 d籽粒GBSS活性,降低了花后5~25 d籽粒淀粉合成酶(SSS)和SBE活性。【结论】高直链淀粉品种锦优1319籽粒灌浆的最佳氮素穗肥施用量低于低直链淀粉品种蓉优702:其中锦优1319的最佳氮素穗肥施用量为90 kg/hm^(2),蓉优702为120 kg/hm^(2)。施用氮素穗肥显著降低了GBSS、SSS的活性,加之SBE活性下降,DBE活性提高,最终降低稻米直链淀粉含量。本研究条件下,籽粒ADPG活性未对稻米直链淀粉含量产生显著影响。

夜间增温对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦干物质及灌浆特性的影响

为了解灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦生产力对不同阶段夜间增温的反应,以对温度敏感性不同的两个小麦品种扬麦18(春性品种)和烟农19(半冬性品种)为试验材料,采用可移动塑料增温棚,于2021-2022年对小麦进行不同阶段夜间增温[分蘖期-拔节期增温(W T-J N)、拔节期-孕穗期增温(W J-B N)和孕穗期-开花期增温(W B-A N)]及灌浆期高温胁迫处理,比较分析了不同处理下小麦干物质积累及灌浆特性的差异。结果表明,W T-J N和W J-B N处理主要通过缩短小麦播种-开花的时长,延长灌浆期天数,增加花前干物质转运量、花后干物质积累量和花后干物质积累贡献率,进而提高了开花期和成熟期干物质积累量;促进了干物质在成熟期穗轴+颖壳和籽粒中的积累,降低了小麦茎鞘+叶片中的积累量,增产3.08%~7.62%。灌浆期高温胁迫显著降低了两个品种的产量,而与灌浆期高温胁迫处理(NH)相比,W T-J H和W J-B H处理增产1.21%~6.05%。与不增温处理(NN)相比,在W T-J N和W J-B N处理下两个小麦品种的灌浆期粒重及灌浆速率均提高,W B-A N和NH处理则降低了小麦灌浆参数。这说明分蘖期-拔节期和拔节期-孕穗期夜间增温可提高小麦开花期和成熟期的干物质积累量,促进小麦籽粒灌浆,缓解灌浆期高温胁迫对小麦生产力的不利影响,有助于小麦产量形成。

外源L-谷氨酸对花后干旱胁迫下小麦干物质积累分配、籽粒灌浆特性及品质形成的调控效应

【目的】谷氨酸(Glu)具有调节植物生长,提高作物抗逆能力的功效。研究外源L-谷氨酸(L-Glu)对灌浆期干旱胁迫下小麦干物质积累分配及转运、光合参数、灌浆特性、农艺性状及品质特性的影响,为进一步研究谷氨酸提高小麦耐旱性奠定理论基础。【方法】以新疆主栽冬小麦品种新冬18号和新冬22号为试验材料,在抽穗期、开花期分别喷施0、2、4 mmol/L的L-Glu溶液,开花后进行大田干旱胁迫(DT)和适水处理(WT)。在开花初期和花后10、20、30天(即灌浆初期、中期、后期),测定了小麦干物质积累分配及转运、光合特性、灌浆特性、农艺性状及品质等相关指标。【结果】外源喷施L-Glu可以显著增加开花后干旱胁迫下地上部总干物质积累量,其中DT-G2、DT-G4处理显著高于DT-G0处理。与DT-G0处理相比,DT-G2和DT-G4处理有效提高了开花后干旱胁迫下干物质积累对籽粒干物质积累的贡献率,新冬18号小麦分别增加24.65%、24.28%,新冬22号小麦分别增加28.44%、16.03%;与DT-G0处理相比,DT-G2、DT-G4处理提高了灌浆期光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、叶肉瞬时羧化效率(P_(n)/C_(i))及籽粒灌浆平均速率,其中DT-G2、DT-G4处理下新冬18号小麦籽粒灌浆平均速率分别较DT-G0增加15.17%和3.59%,新冬22号小麦分别增加19.92%和14.70%;与DT-G0处理相比,DT-G2处理显著提高了2个小麦品种的千粒重,DT-G4处理显著降低了2个小麦品种的湿面筋含量。【结论】抽穗期、开花期喷施外源L-Glu可以显著增加开花后干旱胁迫下小麦地上部总干物质积累量,降低灌浆后期小麦干物质在营养器官的分配比例,同时提高开花后干旱胁迫下旗叶的光合速率及蒸腾速率,进而促进小麦穗部干物质的分配,提高小麦籽粒的灌浆速率,延长灌浆持续时间,最终在降低干旱胁迫下粒重损失的同时提高籽粒品质。

穗分化末期-灌浆初期干旱胁迫对优质食味粳稻根系形态和叶片光合特性的影响

【目的】研究穗分化末期至灌浆初期土壤干旱对优质食味粳稻根系形态生理与叶片光合特性的影响,为水稻抗旱栽培提供理论参考。【方法】以南粳9108和丰粳1606为供试材料,分别在穗分化末期至籽粒灌浆初期20 d(BAH)、穗分化末期10 d(BH)与灌浆初期10 d(AH)设置轻度干旱(LD,ψsoil=−20±5 kPa)、重度干旱(SD,ψsoil=−40±5 kPa)及常规水分(CK)处理。【结果】1)在处理结束当天、处理结束后10 d、穗后30 d与成熟期,根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根干质量与根系活力均表现为SD<LD<CK,根冠比呈相反趋势。在处理结束时,BAH时段SD、LD均与CK差异显著,除根冠比外,BH、AH时段SD与CK差异显著,LD与CK无显著差异。处理结束后10 d、穗后30 d与成熟期,BAH时期SD与CK差异显著,除根尖数外LD与CK差异不显著,BH时期SD根系部分指标与CK差异显著,AH时期水分处理间无显著差异。2)在处理结束时、处理结束后10 d、穗后30 d与成熟期,剑叶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)均表现为SD<LD<CK,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈相反趋势。在处理结束时,BAH时段SD、LD各指标均与CK差异显著,除Ci外SD、LD间差异也显著,BH、AH时段SD各指标均与CK差异显著,LD与CK差异不显著。在处理结束后10 d、穗后30 d与成熟期,BAH时段SD与CK差异显著,LD与CK差异多不显著,BH时段SD的Pn、Tr、Fv/Fm较CK差异显著,而AH时段各指标在水分处理间差异多数不显著。3)三处理时段下各胁迫处理间产量均表现为SD<LD<CK,BAH、BH时段不同水分处理间差异显著,AH时段LD、CK间无显著差异,但二者均与SD差异显著。【结论】BAH时期轻度干旱、重度干旱均会抑制根系生长与叶片光合能力,显著降低产量,其中轻度干旱影响较小。BH时期土壤重度干旱时,根、叶形态生理指标在处理结束后难以恢复至对照水平,AH时期轻度干旱、重度干旱处理各指标在处理结束后能较快恢复。可见,在穗分化末期至灌浆初期,水稻根系和叶片生长对穗分化末期干旱胁迫更为敏感。

Analysis of Yield Components of Japonica Rice Tong Jing 981 under Different Density and Fertilization Conditions

The yield and yield components of Japonica variety Tongjing 981 under different density and fertilization levels were studied through regression and correlation and path analysis. The results showed that the number of panicles per unit area, number of filled grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight all had very significant yield increasing effects, and the number of panicles per unit area played a leading role. However, the yield increasing effects of the number of panicles per unit area and number of filled grains per panicle are equally important when the basic seedlings are more or the N fertilizer application rate is large. In practical production, a major factor should be determined among the yield components, and rational cultivation measures should be taken accordingly, to improve yield.

外源海藻糖对粳稻品系W1844籽粒灌浆特性及产量形成的影响

【目的】明确外源海藻糖对大穗型粳稻籽粒灌浆结实的影响。【方法】以大穗型粳稻品系W1844为试验材料,在孕穗末期叶面喷施浓度分别为0、15、30、50、70、100 mmol/L的海藻糖,分别标记为T_(0)、T_(15)、T_(30)、T_(50)、T_(70)、T_(100)。研究不同浓度海藻糖对大穗型粳稻W1844光合特性、茎鞘物质积累与转运、籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响。【结果】1)喷施不同浓度海藻糖均能提高水稻产量,以T_(50)处理的水稻产量最高。与T_(0)相比,T_(50)处理下的产量平均增加7.71%,强势粒的结实率与千粒重分别提高4.36%和5.92%,弱势粒的结实率与千粒重分别提高11.98%和10.01%。由此可见,海藻糖对弱势粒灌浆结实的改善效果更好。2)海藻糖处理改变了籽粒灌浆特性。与T_(0)相比,T_(50)处理下强、弱势粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间分别缩短了3.70 d与3.93 d;灌浆前期强、弱势粒的平均灌浆速率分别提高了16.57%、28.03%;灌浆中期强、弱势粒平均灌浆速率分别提高了20.74%、24.54%。此外,T_(50)处理下,强、弱势粒达到最大灌浆速率时的粒重分别比T_(0)增加了6.74%和7.36%。3)海藻糖处理显著提高水稻剑叶的光合特性。T_(50)处理下水稻叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别比T_(0)平均提高了31.08%、42.58%和10.42%。4)海藻糖处理促进了抽穗期茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的积累与转运。与T_(0)处理相比,T_(50)处理下抽穗期茎鞘NSC含量平均增加11.63%,茎鞘物质转运量平均提升28.52%,且对籽粒贡献率增加18.18%。这可能是由于茎鞘蔗糖转运基因OsSUT2、OsSUT4和OsSUT5上调表达,促进了茎鞘的物质转运。【结论】外源海藻糖可有效地改善大穗型粳稻的灌浆结实,这可能是由于海藻糖处理能提高剑叶净光合速率,上调蔗糖转运基因的表达,促进茎鞘NSC的积累与转运,从而加快了强、弱势粒的灌浆,提高了其结实率和粒重。在本研究条件下,50 mmol/L海藻糖处理对大穗型水稻W1844籽粒灌浆结实的改善效果最好。

不同穗型早稻品种产量形成及生理特性研究

【目的】水稻高产形成及其稳产性与穗型和环境因素密切相关,探明不同穗型早稻品种产量形成及其相关生理特性,为早稻品种培育及高产稳产栽培提供科学依据。【方法】以较小穗型品种陵两优739和株两优171以及较大穗型品种五丰优286为试验材料,研究不同穗型品种在产量及其构成、干物质积累与转运、辐射利用率、籽粒灌浆及相关生理指标等方面的差异。【结果】较小穗型品种的总颖花量显著低于较大穗型品种,而结实率和千粒质量分别较后者显著提高15.66%~22.12%、1.43%~1.87%,并显著增产5.31%~6.54%;不同穗型品种各时期干物质积累及抽穗期茎叶干物质转化率无明显差异,但较小穗型品种的辐射截获量及截获率明显低于较大穗型品种,从而辐射利用率较后者显著提高6.71%~8.05%;较小穗型品种各部位籽粒的最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率显著大于较大穗型品种,而且到达最大灌浆速率的时间以及活跃灌浆持续时间显著短于后者;同时,较小穗型品种抽穗后12 d籽粒的蔗糖合成酶(SS)、ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性(ADPG-PPase),以及抽穗后12 d与21 d的赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)含量显著高于较大穗型品种,而反式玉米素(tZ)、脱落酸(ABA)显著低于后者。【结论】较小穗型早稻品种在足够总颖花量和干物质积累的基础上,籽粒较高的淀粉合成酶活性及内源激素(GA3、IAA)含量有利于促进籽粒灌浆结实,从而提高结实率和千粒质量,实现高产和稳产。

不同叶位功能叶片对不同穗型水稻籽粒灌浆特性及稻米品质的影响

为明确不同穗型水稻不同叶位功能叶片与灌浆特性、产量和稻米品质的关系,以半直立大穗型水稻辽粳401和弯穗型优质稻辽粳371为试验材料,研究不同叶位功能叶片[剪剑叶(T1)、剪倒2叶(T2)、剪倒3叶(T3)和不剪叶(对照,CK)]对不同穗型水稻强、弱势粒灌浆特性和产量、品质的影响,并对籽粒灌浆参数与稻米品质指标进行相关性分析。结果表明,剑叶和倒2叶缺失均显著降低辽粳401强、弱势粒和辽粳371弱势粒的最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率;不同叶位功能叶片缺失均显著延长了辽粳401的活跃灌浆期,缩短了辽粳371的活跃灌浆期;不同叶位功能叶片缺失均提前了辽粳401的最大灌浆时间,推迟了辽粳371的最大灌浆时间;剑叶和倒2叶缺失均显著降低结实率、籽粒充实度和千粒质量,进而显著降低产量。对上述指标的影响均表现为剑叶>倒2叶>倒3叶。与CK相比,剪剑叶处理中辽粳401和辽粳371的千粒质量分别降低18.32%和6.44%,产量分别降低16.52%和8.05%。随着缺失叶位升高,稻米的加工品质、外观品质、崩解值和最终黏度逐渐下降,其中对垩白度和垩白粒率的影响较大。不同叶位功能叶片对水稻产量和品质的影响均表现为弯穗型小于半直立大穗型。综上,不同叶位功能叶片对水稻灌浆特性、产量和品质的影响表现为剑叶>倒2叶>倒3叶,且对半直立大穗型水稻的影响大于弯穗型。

晚粳稻籽粒中砷、镉、铬、镍、铅等重金属含量的品种和粒位效应

选用籽粒着粒密度差异较大的密穗型品种秀水63和散穗型品种秀水11,种植于受重金属轻度污染的土壤,研究了晚粳稻籽粒中有毒重金属As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb含量的品种与粒位效应。结果表明,重金属含量的粒位间差异秀水63明显大于秀水11,As、Cd、Cr、Pb含量粒位间差异显著,Ni含量差异较小。穗上部籽粒As、Cd、Ni含量高于中部籽粒,穗下部籽粒最低,而Cr、Pb则正好相反。稻米中几种重金属含量与粒重的关系因重金属种类不同存在着差异,籽粒As、Cd、Ni含量与粒重呈正相关,而Cr和Pb含量与粒重呈负相关。秀水63和秀水11不同粒位的籽粒灌浆模式存在差异,下位粒灌浆速率较低,使粒重较上、中位粒低,导致粒重有较大的粒位差异,而这种差异也与穗部着粒密度有关,秀水63明显大于秀水11。籽粒As、Cd、Ni含量与最大灌浆速率(GRm)呈正相关,与到达最大灌浆速率时间(Tpoi)呈负相关,而Cr和Pb含量与以上两个籽粒灌浆特性参数分别呈负相关和正相关,说明籽粒As、Cd、Ni的积累与碳水化合物的积累具有相同或相近的模式,而Cr和Pb表现为不同的积累模式。

水稻不同穗型品种穗颈节间组织与籽粒充实特性的研究

本文用 7个不同穗型的中稻品种 ,研究了重穗型、中穗型、轻穗型品种的穗颈节间组织特性及其与籽粒充实的关系。结果表明 :穗颈节间维管束数目 ,维管束、韧皮部面积 ,茎横切面、茎壁、髓腔面积 ,均是重穗型 >中穗型 >轻穗型品种。穗颈节间输导组织特征与空壳率的大小无关 ,但它是籽粒充实的重要前提和解剖学基础。穗颈节间茎的粗度、茎壁的厚度与维管束数目、维管束面积、韧皮部面积、每穗总库容量、单穗重呈极显著或显著正相关 ,茎壁面积与茎横切面面积之比与籽粒充实率呈极显著正相关。此外 ,还讨论了与此有关的育种。

不同株穗型水稻超高产品种叶绿素含量变化规律及籽粒灌浆动态研究

对不同株、穗型水稻超高产品种叶绿素含量变化规律及籽粒灌浆动态的研究表明(1)株、穗型较好的半直立穗型品种上、中、下三部籽粒收获重量相差无几,分布均匀,灌浆速率高,灌浆物质充足,弱势粒得到了较好的充实;直立穗型品种,中部籽粒重量较小,弱势粒灌浆不足;大散穗型超高产品种为明显的异步灌浆,上、中、下部籽粒灌浆速率罪大值的时间相差较大,下部籽粒收获时籽粒重量不到上部的一半,灌浆动态最不合理。(2)半直立穗型品种倒三叶、倒二叶的叶绿素含量在抽穗至穗后20d内始终高于剑叶,其他类型品种的剑叶叶绿素含量在穗后10d高于其他叶片;同时半直立穗型品种不同叶龄剑叶叶绿素含量变化为理想的“升快降慢”型,直立穗型品种为“升快下降较慢”型;对照小穗多蘖形品种为“升慢降慢”类型,大散穗型品种为“升快降快”型。

重穗型杂交稻穗颈节间维管束与籽粒充实关系的研究

对重穗型杂交稻穗颈节间维管束特征及其籽粒充实进行了研究。结果表明 ,重穗型组合的大维管束数目、单个维管束面积及维管束总面积、韧皮部总面积均明显高于汕优 6 3。重穗型组合的维管束颖花负荷量、总库容负荷量均与汕优 6 3相当。重穗型组合杂交稻不仅库容大 ,而且籽粒充实率、充实程度良好 ,结实率正常。发达的维管束是重穗的前提。选育重穗型杂交稻是水稻超高产育种的可行的技术途径。

几个不同穗型水稻品种籽粒灌浆特性的研究

为了揭示直立大穗型水稻品种穗上不同粒位籽粒的灌浆特性,以沈农265等5个不同穗型水稻品种为材料进行田间试验,用Richards方程W=A/(1+Be-bt)1/N对不同粒位籽粒的灌浆过程进行统计回归分析。结果表明,不同穗型品种不同粒位籽粒灌浆特性存在较大差异,直立穗型品种沈农265差异最大,相对一次枝梗籽粒和上部二次枝梗籽粒而言,中下部二次枝梗籽粒灌浆峰值低且达到峰值的时间晚,但是达到峰值后下降缓慢,因此籽粒增重曲线接近直线,最终粒重也与其他粒位接近。可见尽管供试的直立大穗型品种不同粒位籽粒灌浆存在比较激烈的竞争,但是中部和下部二次枝梗籽粒完全可以正常充实。