The fragmentation process of high-temperature molten drop is a key factor to determine the ratio heat transferred to power in FCIs,which estimates the possible damage degree during the hypothetical severe accident in ...The fragmentation process of high-temperature molten drop is a key factor to determine the ratio heat transferred to power in FCIs,which estimates the possible damage degree during the hypothetical severe accident in the nuclear reactors. In this paper,the fragmentation process of melt droplet in FCIs is investigated by theoretic analysis. The fragmentation mechanism is studied when an external pressure pulse applied to a melt droplet,which is surrounded by vapor film. The vapor film collapse which induces fragmentation of melt droplet is analyzed and modeled. And then the generated pressure is calculated. The vapor film collapse model is introduced to fragmentation correlation,and the predicted fragment size is calculated and compared with experimental data. The result shows that the developed model can predict the diameter of fragments and can be used to calculate the fragmentation process appreciatively.展开更多
Abstract Effects of film fragments in the friction system on friction and wear properties of tungsten doped diamond-like carbon films （W-DLC） were studied in the condition of boundary lubrication. It could be observ...Abstract Effects of film fragments in the friction system on friction and wear properties of tungsten doped diamond-like carbon films （W-DLC） were studied in the condition of boundary lubrication. It could be observed that the average friction coefficient was increased after introducing film fragments into the friction system, where these film fragments can accelerate the breaking of the extreme thin oil film which could separate two friction surfaces when the system is under boundary lubrication conditions. The increasing friction load can accelerate the friction ehenfieal reaction on the friction interface and lead to the crushing effect on film fragments, which decreased the friction coefficient of friction system. It was also found that the wear width, depth, and volume of the film increased by introducing film fragments and applying great load.展开更多
Biodegradable plastic film mulch (PFM) is considered an alternative to non-biodegradable PFM to mitigate the negative impacts of residual film.However,the agronomic performance of biodegradable PFM in comparison to no...Biodegradable plastic film mulch (PFM) is considered an alternative to non-biodegradable PFM to mitigate the negative impacts of residual film.However,the agronomic performance of biodegradable PFM in comparison to non-biodegradable PFM still needs to be tested.In this study,we evaluated the effects of biodegradable and non-biodegradable PFM on soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,and enzyme activities,as well as maize growth performance.Biodegradable and non-biodegradable PFM both increased soil temperature,water content,N content,and microbial biomass and maize yield by up to 30%,but decreased soil enzyme activities as compared to no mulching (control,CK).Most soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,and enzyme activities were similar under non-biodegradable and biodegradable PFM at the early stages of maize growth.However,at the late stages,soil temperature,water content,mineral N,NO_(3)^(-)-N,ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity,and total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) decreased under biodegradable PFM owing to film fragmentation.White PFM increased soil temperature,water content,and total PLFAs at the early stages of maize growth but decreased soil mineral N and total PLFAs at the late stages,as compared to black PFM.As soil temperature and N availability were the major factors affecting soil microbial community,microbial activity decreased after the fragmentation of biodegradable PFM,owing to the decreased soil temperature,water content,and mineral N.Notably,biodegradable PFM could decrease NO_(3)^(-)-N accumulation in topsoil by decreasing N transformation due to the lower microbial and N-related enzyme (e.g.,AMO) activities,compared with non-biodegradable PFM,which may avoid negative environmental impacts,such as NO_(3)^(-)-N leaching or gas emission after harvest.Maize yield,height,aboveground biomass,and N uptake under biodegradable PFM were similar to those under non-biodegradable PFM during maize growth,implying that biodegradable PFM has no negative impact on crop growth and yield.In general,biodegradable PFM was equivalent to non-biodegradable PFM in terms of maize yield increase and N uptake,but was environmentally friendly.Therefore,biodegradable PFM can be used as an alternative to non-biodegradable PFM in semi-arid areas for sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
在熔融物与冷却剂相互作用(FCI)过程中,熔滴的水力学碎化对于后续是否产生蒸汽爆炸以及爆炸的强弱程度有着重要影响。传统的熔滴水力学碎化数值研究通常只考虑液液直接接触的两相系统;而堆芯熔化后,熔融物温度在2 500K以上,熔融物周围...在熔融物与冷却剂相互作用(FCI)过程中,熔滴的水力学碎化对于后续是否产生蒸汽爆炸以及爆炸的强弱程度有着重要影响。传统的熔滴水力学碎化数值研究通常只考虑液液直接接触的两相系统;而堆芯熔化后,熔融物温度在2 500K以上,熔融物周围会迅速产生汽膜,导致熔滴和冷却剂之间的传热和阻力特性发生改变。本文基于PLIC-VOF(piecewise linear interface construction-volume of fluid)界面跟踪方法对有汽膜存在的三相系统中的熔滴水力学碎化过程进行了数值研究,通过分析熔滴在有无汽膜和不同边界速度触发情况下碎化过程中的界面特性,发现熔滴碎化程度随Weber数的增加而加剧,汽膜对熔滴的水力学碎化存在一定的抑制作用。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No50576050)NSFC-RFBR Joint Program (No50711120190 & 06-08-39004-NSFC)
文摘The fragmentation process of high-temperature molten drop is a key factor to determine the ratio heat transferred to power in FCIs,which estimates the possible damage degree during the hypothetical severe accident in the nuclear reactors. In this paper,the fragmentation process of melt droplet in FCIs is investigated by theoretic analysis. The fragmentation mechanism is studied when an external pressure pulse applied to a melt droplet,which is surrounded by vapor film. The vapor film collapse which induces fragmentation of melt droplet is analyzed and modeled. And then the generated pressure is calculated. The vapor film collapse model is introduced to fragmentation correlation,and the predicted fragment size is calculated and compared with experimental data. The result shows that the developed model can predict the diameter of fragments and can be used to calculate the fragmentation process appreciatively.
基金supported by China National Machinery Industry Group(Grant No.SINOMACH 2017 246)
文摘Abstract Effects of film fragments in the friction system on friction and wear properties of tungsten doped diamond-like carbon films （W-DLC） were studied in the condition of boundary lubrication. It could be observed that the average friction coefficient was increased after introducing film fragments into the friction system, where these film fragments can accelerate the breaking of the extreme thin oil film which could separate two friction surfaces when the system is under boundary lubrication conditions. The increasing friction load can accelerate the friction ehenfieal reaction on the friction interface and lead to the crushing effect on film fragments, which decreased the friction coefficient of friction system. It was also found that the wear width, depth, and volume of the film increased by introducing film fragments and applying great load.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41877086)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2020JZ-16)+1 种基金the UK Global Research Challenges Fundthe UK Natural Environment Research Council Project(No.NE/V005871/1)。
文摘Biodegradable plastic film mulch (PFM) is considered an alternative to non-biodegradable PFM to mitigate the negative impacts of residual film.However,the agronomic performance of biodegradable PFM in comparison to non-biodegradable PFM still needs to be tested.In this study,we evaluated the effects of biodegradable and non-biodegradable PFM on soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,and enzyme activities,as well as maize growth performance.Biodegradable and non-biodegradable PFM both increased soil temperature,water content,N content,and microbial biomass and maize yield by up to 30%,but decreased soil enzyme activities as compared to no mulching (control,CK).Most soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,and enzyme activities were similar under non-biodegradable and biodegradable PFM at the early stages of maize growth.However,at the late stages,soil temperature,water content,mineral N,NO_(3)^(-)-N,ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity,and total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) decreased under biodegradable PFM owing to film fragmentation.White PFM increased soil temperature,water content,and total PLFAs at the early stages of maize growth but decreased soil mineral N and total PLFAs at the late stages,as compared to black PFM.As soil temperature and N availability were the major factors affecting soil microbial community,microbial activity decreased after the fragmentation of biodegradable PFM,owing to the decreased soil temperature,water content,and mineral N.Notably,biodegradable PFM could decrease NO_(3)^(-)-N accumulation in topsoil by decreasing N transformation due to the lower microbial and N-related enzyme (e.g.,AMO) activities,compared with non-biodegradable PFM,which may avoid negative environmental impacts,such as NO_(3)^(-)-N leaching or gas emission after harvest.Maize yield,height,aboveground biomass,and N uptake under biodegradable PFM were similar to those under non-biodegradable PFM during maize growth,implying that biodegradable PFM has no negative impact on crop growth and yield.In general,biodegradable PFM was equivalent to non-biodegradable PFM in terms of maize yield increase and N uptake,but was environmentally friendly.Therefore,biodegradable PFM can be used as an alternative to non-biodegradable PFM in semi-arid areas for sustainable agricultural practices.
文摘在熔融物与冷却剂相互作用(FCI)过程中,熔滴的水力学碎化对于后续是否产生蒸汽爆炸以及爆炸的强弱程度有着重要影响。传统的熔滴水力学碎化数值研究通常只考虑液液直接接触的两相系统;而堆芯熔化后,熔融物温度在2 500K以上,熔融物周围会迅速产生汽膜,导致熔滴和冷却剂之间的传热和阻力特性发生改变。本文基于PLIC-VOF(piecewise linear interface construction-volume of fluid)界面跟踪方法对有汽膜存在的三相系统中的熔滴水力学碎化过程进行了数值研究,通过分析熔滴在有无汽膜和不同边界速度触发情况下碎化过程中的界面特性,发现熔滴碎化程度随Weber数的增加而加剧,汽膜对熔滴的水力学碎化存在一定的抑制作用。
