Compressive formability of 7075 aluminum alloy rings under hydrostatic pressure

In order to investigate the influence of hydrostatic pressure on compression limit of the ring, numerical simulation and experimental research were carried out. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the deformation of aluminum alloy 7075 ring was obtained by numerical simulation. The die set for compressing ring under high hydrostatic pressure was designed and manufactured. Experimental results show that the compression limit increases linearly as the hydrostatic pressure increases in a certain range. At 100 MPa the maximum compressive strain is increased by 32.42%. At strain limit, the cracks initiate from the corner of the outer wall to the middle of the inner wall along the direction of the maximum shear stress.

Effect of pressure evolution on the formation enhancement in dual interacting vortex rings

In the biological locomotion,the ambit pressure is of particular importance to use as a means of propulsion.The multiple vortex rings have been proved to generate additional thrust by interaction,but the mechanism of this thrust enhancement is still unknown.This study examines the effect of ambit pressure on formation enhancement in interacting dual vortex rings.The vortex rings,which have the same formation time,are successively generated in a piston-cylinder apparatus.The finite-time Lyapunov exponent(FTLE)visualizes the flow fields as an indication of Lagrangian coherent structures(LCSs),and the pressure field is calculated based on the digital particle image velocity(DPIV).We extract the back pressure of the rear vortex in dual vortices and the back pressure circulationΓ_(b),which is defined as a form of overpressure circulationΓ_(p).TheΓ_(b)has a positive linear relationship withΓ_(p).A critical interval distance d*_(cr)in a range of0.32-0.42 is found whereΓbandΓp reach the maximum synchronously,leading to a full-interaction mode.Moreover,an over-interaction mode and an under-interaction mode are proposed when the dimensionless interval distance d*_(is)smaller or larger than d*_(cr).To conclude,the high back pressure caused by vortex interaction can enhance the formation of vortex rings and lead to high thrust.

STRESS ANALYSIS OF THICK RING SHELL SUBMITTED TO THE ACTION OF INTERNAL PRESSURE

In this paper. from asymptotic equations of thicking shell obtained on the basis of the equations of three dimensional elastic mechanics using geometric small parameter we find the solutions of the stresses and the deformations of thick ring shell submitted to the action of internal pressure q.

Contact Pressure Intensity Distribution and Its Effects on Workpiece Flatness Error in Plane Polishing with Retaining Ring

In order to find out the contact pressure intensity distribution and its effects on the workepiece flatness error in plane polishing with retaining ring,the contact model and the boundary conditions are built up based on the axial symmetric elastic contact theory.The pressure intensity distribution is calculated and analyzed with the help of the Hankel transform theory and the constructing solution method of Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials.And then,the effects of the dimensionless ring-workpiece gap,the load ratio of the retaining ring and the dimensionless ring width on the contact pressure intensity distribution are obtained.Finally,based on the distribution theory of material removal volume,the effects of the pressure intensity distributions on the flatness errors of polished workpiece are also investigated experimentally.The results show that the contact pressure intensity distribution becomes more uniform and the better profile of polished workpiece can also be obtained,if the dimensionless ring-workpiece gap is reduced,the load ratio is selected as 0.6 to 0.85,and the dimensionless ring width is taken as 0.13 to 0.40.

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF RADIATED SOUND PRESSURE OF RING－STIFFENED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS IN FLUID MEDIUM

In this paper, analytical formularions of radiated sound pressure of ring-stiffenedcylindrical shells in fluid medium are derived by means of Hamilton's principleHuygens principle and Green function . These formulations Can be used to compute the sound pressure of the shell's surface nearfield and farfield.

A new numerical model of ring shear tester for shear band soil considering friction-induced thermal pressurization

In this study,a new numerical model of ring shear tester for shear band soil of landslide was established.The special feature of this model is that it considers the mechanism of friction-induced thermal pressurization,which is potentially an important cause of high-speed catastrophic landslides.The key to the construction of this numerical ring shear model is to realize the THM(thermo-hydro-mechanical)dynamic coupling of soil particles,which includes the processes of frictional heating,thermal pressurization,and strength softening during shearing of solid particles.All of these are completed by using discrete element method.Based on this new model,the characteristics of shear stress change with shear displacement,as well as the variation of temperature and pore pressure in the specimen,are studied at shear rates of 0.055 m/s,0.06 m/s,0.109 m/s and 1.09 m/s,respectively.The results show that the peak strength and residual strength of specimen are significantly reduced when the mechanism of frictioninduced thermal pressurization is considered.The greater the shear rate is,the higher the temperature as well as the pore pressure is.The effect of shear rate on the shear strength is bidirectional.The simulation results demonstrate that this model can effectively simulate the mechanism of friction-induced thermal pressurization of shear band soil during ring shear process,and the shear strength softening in the process.The new numerical ring shear model established in this study is of great significance for studying the dynamic mechanism of high-speed catastrophic landslides.

Growth plasticity of conifers did not avoid declining resilience to soil and atmospheric droughts during the 20th century

Background:Plasticity in response to environmental drivers can help trees cope with droughts.However,our understanding of the importance of plasticity and physiological adjustments in trees under global change is limited.Methods:We used the International Tree-Ring Data Bank(ITRDB)to examine 20th century growth responses in conifer trees during(resistance)and following(resilience)years of severe soil and atmospheric droughts occurring in isolation or as compound events.Growth resilience indices were calculated using observed growth divided by expected growth to avoid spurious correlations,in which the expected values were obtained by the autoregressive moving average(ARIMA)model.We used high atmospheric vapour pressure deficit(VPD)to select years of atmospheric drought and low annual values of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)to select years with soil drought.We acquired the sensitivities(i.e.,the slopes of the relationships)by fitting the resilience indices as a function of environmental drivers,and assessed how these sensitivities changed over time for different types of drought events using linear mixed models.We also checked whether plasticity in growth responses was sufficient to prevent long-term trends of growth reductions during or after severe droughts.We acknowledge that by focusing on the response of surviving trees from the ITRDB we are potentially biasing our results towards higher resilience,as stand level responses(e.g.,mortality)may result in lowered competition after the disturbance event.Results:Sensitivities of resilience to VPD and SPEI changed throughout the 20th century,with the directions of these changes often reversing in the second half of the century.For the 1961–2010 period,changing sensitivities had positive effects on resilience,especially following years of high-VPD and compound events,avoiding growth losses that would have occurred if sensitivities had remained constant.Despite sensitivity changes,resilience was still lower at the end of the 20th century compared to the beginning of the century.Conclusions:Future adjustments to low-SPEI and high-VPD events are likely to continue to compensate for the trends in climate only partially,leading to further generalized reductions in tree growth of conifers.An improved understanding of these plastic adjustments and their limits,as well as potential compensatory processes at the stand level,is needed to project forest responses to climate change.

基于PTFE矩形密封圈的高压容器密封结构设计

PTFE矩形密封圈具有耐化学性能好、截面稳定性高等优点,可以有效解决腐蚀性介质的密封问题。但在实际使用中,PTFE矩形密封圈及其适配沟槽的尺寸设计缺乏参考依据。针对上述问题,根据高压容器端面密封结构的形状与受力特征,在Ansys Workbench中建立PTFE矩形密封圈的二维轴对称模型,采用双线性等向强化模型表征PTFE的力学性能,对基于PTFE矩形密封圈的高压容器端面密封结构进行分析和设计,讨论压缩率、PTFE矩形密封圈几何参数和沟槽结构参数对高压容器端面密封性能的影响。结果表明,压缩率、矩形圈的高度和宽度以及矩形圈与沟槽侧壁的间隙对密封性能的影响较大,而内径对密封性能的影响较小,因而设计时应优先考虑沟槽深度、矩形圈的截面尺寸以及与沟槽的装配位置等参数。确定PTFE矩形密封圈及适配沟槽的尺寸后,采用有限元仿真手段验证了设计的密封结构在常温30 MPa高压下的密封性能,证实了设计的合理性。

三环追压非等灌对枸杞根系湿润体盐分的影响

针对新疆降水稀少、蒸发量大,土壤盐碱化面积不断蔓延,改良盐碱地用水量居高不下等问题,提出一种以作物为圆心滞后滴水的3环灌溉模式,探究其节水排盐效果.将枸杞作为研究对象,根据土壤湿润体内盐分运移规律,试验确定第1环、第2环、第3环的半径分别为5,10,15 cm.在滴水器流量为3 L/h的条件下,第1环(最内环)先开始滴水,2 h之后,其滴水产生的土壤湿润体脱盐范围超出第2环位置时,打开第2环滴水阀门;以此类推,2 h之后打开第3环滴水阀门,各环滞后滴水将根系发育范围内的盐分逐步追压至根系发育范围之外,从而达到节水排盐的效果.对晾干后土体采用剖面法取样测定不同位置的盐分含量,结果表明:环心附近的盐分少,离环心越远盐分含量越多;环心水平方向40 cm处不同深度取土检测盐分质量比:在(0,10],(10,20],(20,30],(30,40]和(40,50]cm分别为61.550,57.640,53.470,50.690和129.650 g/kg,表明土壤盐分积累在湿润体边缘,排盐效果良好;同时,试验的灌水定额为31.5 mm(315 m^(3)/hm^(2)),年总灌水量为1890 m^(3)/hm^(2),较常规滴灌条件下枸杞的年灌水量3450 m^(3)/hm^(2)节约了1560 m^(3)/hm^(2),节水效果显著.

深海无人系统大长径比环肋圆柱壳结构设计与试验研究

环肋圆柱壳是深海无人系统广泛采用的一种耐压结构形式,保障其结构安全是系统研制过程中非常重要的一环。针对环肋圆柱壳的结构特征推导了组合结构重量关系式和结构参数简化估算方法,并以一种超长型深海无人系统耐压结构为例,围绕大长径比环肋圆柱壳的结构形式、设计计算、仿真分析、模型验证等开展研究。研究表明提出的大长径比环肋圆柱壳结构设计参数简化估算方法具有较好的适应性。相关计算和分析结果可以为该型深海无人系统结构设计提供技术支撑,也可以为其他类似耐压结构设计提供参考。

70 MPa高压氢气瓶阀密封技术研究

全球正面对能源和环境的挑战,氢能源汽车已成为全球汽车行业的发展方向,车载储氢系统主要是由储氢气瓶、组合式瓶阀、溢流阀、减压阀、压力/温度传感器等组成,其中需要频繁开启的部件是组合式瓶阀,压力一般在35 MPa~70 MPa,最容易产生泄漏。目前车载氢能的储存压力一般为35 MPa, 70 MPa的也在进行技术攻关,不同于普通的工业用气瓶阀,70 MPa高压氢气瓶阀设计压力高,密封性能的可靠性直接影响了产品的使用安全。针对70 MPa高压氢气瓶阀密封材料进行研究,采用GB/T 528-2009标准对不同硬度和直径的O形密封圈进行性能试验,比较不同材料的密封性能,确保70 MPa高压氢气瓶阀密封性能安全可靠。

井底压力下牙轮钻头浮动套轴承性能分析

为了探究井底压力下215.9 mm牙轮钻头浮动套轴承的平衡转速比、摩擦学性能、油膜压力分布随内外间隙比的变化规律,修正了考虑浮动套轴承实际井下环境压力和牙轮钻头密封压差的Reynolds边界条件,利用MATLAB中的PDE Toolbox对浮动套轴承Reynolds方程进行数值求解,分析内外间隙比对浮动套轴承平衡转速比、油膜压力及摩擦因数的影响规律,结果表明:当环境压力为60 MPa、密封压差为20 MPa时,随内外间隙比增加,浮动套平衡转速比呈现先增大后减小的趋势;以轴承的摩擦因数和油膜压力作为综合评价指标,钻头浮动套轴承内外间隙比为2.0时,轴承的摩擦因数较小,油膜压力较高,其轴承综合性能较优;而当浮动套轴承内外间隙比为2.0时,随着环境压力的升高,浮动套轴承的摩擦扭矩和摩擦因数增加,从而加剧轴承的磨损。该研究为牙轮钻头浮动套轴承的结构参数优化及性能提升提供了基础理论支撑。

考虑松动圈影响的公路隧道大直径竖井围岩压力计算方法

为研究公路隧道大直径竖井围岩压力计算方法,基于极限平衡法推导,并与官田竖井实测数据进行了对比验证,最后分析了竖井直径、侧压力系数、围岩等级对竖井围岩压力的影响规律。结果表明:①与实测数据对比结果显示,本文公式的平均误差度在12.85以内,相比其他公式的误差度在180以上,使相对误差减小了167.15以上,可指导工程人员进行竖井的施工设计;②竖井开挖直径越大,竖井井壁围岩压力越大,但是围岩压力的增长幅度随直径增大而逐渐减弱;③在未达到极限深度之前,侧压力系数越大,竖井井壁围岩压力越大;达到极限深度以后,不同侧压力系数下井壁的围岩压力一样大。侧压力系数越大,井壁围岩压力随竖井深度的增长越大,更快达到最大井壁围岩压力,即极限深度越小;④围岩等级越高,竖井的井壁围岩压力越小,在达到极限深度之后的围岩压力也越小。

超深埋隧洞防渗排水措施与衬砌外水压力分布规律

高外水压力是制约超深埋水工隧洞建设的关键性难题之一,以排水孔为中心的综合堵排措施是降低外水压力的主要举措。为克服传统排水孔实体单元法整体网格划分难度大和计算效率较低的问题,首先,基于ABAQUS平台开发了两节点排水孔线单元模型,并验证其在隧洞工程数值模拟分析中的正确性和有效性;其次,建立了考虑防渗排水措施的围岩-衬砌三维有限元模型,研究多种防渗排水措施下的隧洞渗流场及衬砌外水压力分布规律;最后,探讨了防渗灌浆圈与排水孔设计参数对外水压力分布的影响,提出了防渗灌浆圈与排水孔间隔布置的原则。研究结果表明:所开发的两节点排水孔线单元具有较高的精度,在排水孔数目繁多的模型中具有极高效率;排水孔数目越多、深度越大、排距越小,衬砌外水压力越低;排水孔能够有效降低衬砌的外水压力,而防渗灌浆圈降外压能力有限;在排水孔末端间隔一定厚度围岩后再施作防渗灌浆圈,可更有效发挥两者的降压作用。

基于有限单元法密封结构影响因素建模分析

密封圈结构对高压试验装置的密封性、承压性具有直接影响。依据高压试验装置的结构特点,对O型密封结构进行结构参数分析,基于Mooney-Rivlin模型对特性进行分析;利用MARC有限元分析的方法对O型圈进行密封分析,分析不同密封间隙和槽深的尺寸下,接触压应力和Von Mises应力的大小,基于分析结果,优选密封间隙和槽深参数。结果可知:密封间隙为(0.04~0.14)mm间,压缩率为(10~20)%间,能够满足设计承载条件下的密封要求;通过对影响因素分析发现,密封间隙与Von Mises应力正相关,与接触应力负相关;压缩率提升,Von Mises应力先增后降,最大接触应力先降后增;80MPa压力下,较小密封间隙、压缩率对密封结构承载是有利的;通过分析设计密封圈影响趋势,发现参数的最优解为间隙0.043mm,槽深5.357mm,压缩率为10%。分析方法和研究结果可为超高压压力容器O型密封结构设计提供参考依据。

基于拓扑复杂程度的实际供热管网建模方法研究与分析

提出了按照管网拓扑复杂程度建立水力工况仿真模型的思路,以及结合流量方向和最小闭合差判断环网水力交汇位置的方法。以某市区集中供热管网为研究对象,根据3种复杂程度建立管网水力工况仿真模型,并取3种工况验证分析。结果表明,该方法能准确判断环网水力交汇位置,每一级的模型仿真压力与实际值的最大相对误差的绝对值均低于10%,且管网拓扑结构复杂程度越高,模型模拟误差越小,建模成本越高。

基于ANSYS Workbench的O形橡胶密封圈有限元分析

为了研究O形橡胶密封圈(以下简称O形圈)的压缩率与接触压强的关系,首先通过ANSYS Workbench有限元分析软件对装置结构进行必要的模型简化,其次进行关键的边界条件设置及载荷的施加等操作,最后完成非线性静态有限元分析。采用后处理分析技术,得到该装置结构的变形量及von Mises应力分布图。结合实际工况,分析螺栓预紧力、O形圈压缩率及接触压强之间的关系,保证介质(含压气体或液体)密封的接触压强满足工况需求,确保介质密封的有效性和可靠性。

高水压地层顶管出洞止水环漏浆处理技术研究

在长距离顶管施工过程中,始发洞门可能因长期受地下水压过高、钢套环承压变形、止水胶圈长期受拉应力而失效等原因出现洞门漏浆、漏水问题,从而造成顶力陡增现象,随着顶进距离的不断增加,会出现顶不动的严重后果。为了解决高水压地层顶管出洞洞门止水环漏浆这一技术难题,笔者依托内蒙古引绰济辽工程实例分析了洞门止水环漏浆原因,介绍了一种高水压地层条件下顶管始发洞门止水环漏浆处理方法及关键技术,为类似工程提供借鉴。

Static and dynamic tensile failure characteristics of rock based on splitting test of circular ring

Static and dynamic splitting tests were conducted on ring marble specimens with different internal diameters to study the tensile strength and failure modes with the change of the ratio of internal radius to external radius （ρ） under different loading rates. The results show that the dynamic tensile strength of disc rock specimen is approximately five times its static tensile strength. The failure modes of ring specimens are related to the dimension of the internal hole and loading rate. Under static loading tests, when the ratio of internal radius to external radius of the rock ring is small enough （ρ〈0.3）, specimens mostly split along the diametral loading line. With the increase of the ratio, the secondary cracks are formed in the direction perpendicular to the loading line. Under dynamic loading tests, specimens usually break up into four pieces. When the ratio ρreaches 0.5, the secondary cracks are formed near the input bar. The tensile strength calculated by Hobbs’ formula is greater than the Brazilian splitting strength. The peak load and the radius ratio show a negative exponential relationship under static test. Using ring specimen to determine tensile strength of rock material is more like a test indicator rather than the material properties.

陶瓷密封环旋转摩擦噪声特性研究

旋转机械密封采用的陶瓷密封环在航空航天领域应用广泛,但其干摩擦产生的噪声问题一直未得到解决。以陶瓷密封环为研究对象,在旋转摩擦试验台上通过振动加速度传感器和精密拾音器等测得振动与噪声信号,分析了陶瓷密封环的旋转摩擦随机啸叫的特点和产生机理。试验结果表明,振动加速度的倍频响应与高频啸叫关联,转动速度是影响振动和啸叫特征频率的主要因素。根据试验建立密封环的有限元仿真模型,采用瞬态动力学分析方法,得出的各转速特征频率与试验较为吻合;获得摩擦表面的接触压力,发现转动时摩擦接触界面的反复分离-附着现象,这被认为是试验中啸叫的主要机制。另外转速越大,接触压力越大,从而可推断出摩擦力越大,其诱发的啸叫声压级更大,这与试验测得转速和声压级正相关关系吻合。