An ISGW Filtering Antenna with Spurious Modes and Surface Wave Suppression for Millimeter Wave Communications

In this paper,an integrated substrate gap waveguide(ISGW)filtering antenna is proposed at millimeter wave band,whose surface wave and spurious modes are simultaneously suppressed.A secondorder filtering response is obtained through a coupling feeding scheme using one uniform impedance resonator(UIR)and two stepped-impedance resonators(SIRs).To increase the stopband width of the antenna,the spurious modes are suppressed by selecting the appropriate sizes of the ISGW unit cell.Furthermore,the ISGW is implemented to improve the radiation performance of the antenna by alleviating the propagation of surface wave.And an equivalent circuit is investigated to reveal the working principle of ISGW.To demonstrate this methodology,an ISGW filtering antenna operating at a center frequency of 25 GHz is designed,fabricated,and measured.The results show that the antenna achieves a stopband width of 1.6f0(center frequency),an out-of-band suppression level of 21 dB,and a peak realized gain of 8.5 dBi.

Compact 5G Vivaldi Tapered Slot Filtering Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth

Compact fifth-generation(5G)low-frequency band filtering antennas(filtennas)with stable directive radiation patterns,improved bandwidth(BW),and gain are designed,fabricated,and tested in this research.The proposed filtennas are achieved by combining the predesigned compact 5G(5.975–7.125 GHz)third-order uniform and non-uniform transmission line hairpin bandpass filters(UTL and NTL HPBFs)with the compact ultrawide band Vivaldi tapered slot antenna(UWB VTSA)in one module.The objective of this integration is to enhance the performance of 5.975–7.125GHz filtennas which will be suitable for modern mobile communication applications by exploiting the benefits of UWB VTSA.Based on NTL HPBF,more space is provided to add the direct current(DC)biassing circuits in cognitive radio networks(CRNs)for frequency reconfigurable applications.To overcome the mismatch between HPBFs and VTSA,detailed parametric studies are presented.Computer simulation technology(CST)software is used for the simulation in this study.Good measured S11 appeared to be<−13 and<−10.54 dB at 5.48–7.73 and 5.9–7.98GHz with peak realized gains of 6.37 and 6.27 dBi,for VTSA with UTL and NTL HPBFs,respectively which outperforms the predesigned filters.Validation is carried out by comparing the measured and simulated results.

Kalman Filter for Adaptive Antennas

Adaptive control algorithm ls a key technlque for an adaptive array. It ls necessary to find a fastand efficient aIgorithm ror gaining rapid interrerence suppression. Convergence speed of conventional gradient-based algoritkms ls extremely slow and very sensitive to elgenvalue spread of autocorrelation matrix. Thispaper presents the Kalman filtering method to adaptlve array processing. It has good transient response andachieves faster convergence speed,so it is msot su1table for complicated adaptive systems. We analyzed itsconvergence performance which proved to be related to initial value for P(0). Computer simulation by applying four elements array to null steering was carrled out. It ls shown that fast convergence needs only 2Mnumbers of iteration. The Iess the value was seIected for P(o),the slower convergence was found. Further,ifP(o) were too, small, the method would not be abIe to converge. On the other hand, bigger values of P(0)can not achieve more lmprovement in convergence per formance. Slmulation aIso discovered steady responsedenoted with SNIR dependent on the power of reference signai. These results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness 0f the Kalman type adaptlve antenna.

Overview of Co.Design Approach to RF Filter and Antenna

The filter and antenna are two key components of the radio frequency(RF)front-end.When the antenna is directly connected with the filter,additional mismatch losses will be caused.Therefore,the antenna and filter are integrated into a single device to provide both filtering and radiating functions.In this way,many advantages,like low cost,light weight,small size and lower insertion loss can be obtained.In this paper,the co-design approaches of RF filter-antenna are reviewed.Based on the open literatures,the integrated approaches of filtering antenna can be classified into five main categories:1)Co-design by optimizing the interfacing impedance,2)co-design according to the synthesis approach of filter,3)co-design by embedding novel resonators within the feeding structures,4)co-design by employing auxiliary physical structures,and 5)other methods.The RF filter-antenna system can improve the integration degree of RF frontend,reduce its size and cost,and optimize its performance.

TIME-SPACE 3D MATCHED FILTERING FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SYNTHETIC IMPULSE AND ANTENNA RADAR

The principle and performance of Synthetic Impulse and Antenna Radar(SIAR) are analyzed with the concept of 3D matched filtering. The discussion here is concentrated on the characteristics of SIAR in the case of three dimensions. The results obtained are helpful for designing this new style radar.

Antenna Sidelobe Canceller of Kalman Filter

The adaptive array antenna may be considered as a general sidelobe canceller. Directional interference suppression is based on a recursive state estimation of Kalman filter. For the stationary filter,this leads to an iterative solution of Wiener Hops matrix equation. The performance of sidelobe canceller are studied by computer simulation. The result of simulation shows that the sidelobe canceller may be regarded as a special case of an adaptive array atenna.

Directions of Arrival Optimization Method for Broadband Antenna Array Based on Filter Bank

This paper proposes an estimation method of the directions of arrival(DOA) for the broadband signals received by a uniform planar antenna array including the mutual coupling effect. The process modeling of antenna array receiving dynamic signal is obtained accurately via building the array system electromagnetic space-time model, and the mutual coupling effect is included in the synthesis procedure automatically. The broadband signal is divided into several sub-bands, and the complex weight of these sub-bands frequencies is figured out using the least mean square iteration programming. In the proposed method, the mutual coupling effect is compensated at the different frequencies. The calculation results show that the method is suitable for the uniform linear and uniform circular array pattern integration, and it is commendably satisfied with the requirement of engineering design.

Interference Mitigation in Satellite Personal Communication Networks Using Adaptive Antenna Arrays and Filtering Technique

We address the problem of interference as related to Satellite Personal Communication Networks (S-PCNs). Basic low Earth orbit (LEO) constellation is considered. The paper uses combined adaptive antenna arrays and adaptive filtering technique. This hybrid linear adaptive technique provides improved performance eliminating interference, particularly uncorrelated signals residing in the antenna sidelobes.

小型化低剖面全向滤波天线设计

设计了一个小型化全向微带滤波天线。天线由带通滤波器和微带天线组成,二者共用一个地平面以减小尺寸且采用缝隙耦合方式连接,带通滤波器蚀刻在微带贴片天线的馈线位置处,引入选频滤波功能,在输入馈线前端添加一个横向矩形贴片使整个系统达到良好的阻抗匹配。与传统的微带天线相比,所设计的滤波天线在不改变尺寸大小的基础上引入了选频滤波功能,在通带边缘体现出较高的选择性。仿真与测试结果表明,该滤波天线的阻抗带宽为2.31 GHz~2.56 GHz,且通带内增益平缓,平均增益约为2.1 dBi,在工作频段内呈全向辐射特性。

双频段滤波天线与低噪声放大器一体化设计

为了满足未来无线通信系统对小型化、多频段、低损耗的需求,基于ATF-551M4晶体管,提出了一种新型的双频段滤波天线与低噪声放大器(LNA)一体化设计,并将其应用到WiFi6频段。通过在天线上引入寄生结构,使其具有更好的双频带通滤波性能。并在两个工作频段上分别设计出与LNA输入相匹配的阻抗,实现了无需阻抗匹配网络的滤波天线与电路直接连接。该设计可以有效地降低传统射频接收机前端中阻抗匹配网络带来的损耗,改善接收机噪声系数,提高接收机灵敏度,同时实现接收机的小型化多功能集成。实测结果显示,该一体化天线在WiFi6频段内|S_(11)|dB,低频段增益>20.9 dB,高频段增益>14.1 dB,具有比较显著的双频带通滤波特性。与传统级联设计相比,一体化天线不但具有更小的尺寸,而且噪声系数在工作频段内也显著减小。噪声系数最大降低了约0.5 dB,对应的灵敏度约提高17.5%。

多频连续可调的可重构滤波天线

设计了一种多频连续可调的可重构滤波天线。首先将2个加载变容二极管的1/4波长阶跃阻抗谐振器(Step Impedance Resonator,SIR)带通滤波器与50Ω微带传输线集成,得到一个可重构滤波馈电网络,通过控制6个PIN二极管的通断状态,实现超宽带与窄带模式的切换,同时分析了馈电网络对应的等效电路。另外,设计了一款工作频率覆盖可调滤波器通带范围的分形超宽带天线,并将二者集成实现滤波天线。对该天线设计进行了仿真优化和实物测试,结果表明,该天线能够在WiMAX窄带连续可调、WLAN窄带连续可调和超宽带3种模式下工作,且均具有良好的辐射特性,可广泛应用于多频段无线通信中。

非共轭聚合物点和Eu^(3+)的比率荧光传感器检测牛奶中的四环素

四环素(TC)因其广谱抗菌活性和低廉的价格被广泛应用于畜牧养殖业治疗及预防相关细菌感染,因其难以代谢而残留在动物源性食品中,影响人类健康,因此建立方便快捷的TC检测方法至关重要。本文以高支化聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和抗坏血酸(AA)为原料,合成了一种水溶性良好且具有高稳定性蓝绿色荧光的非共轭聚合物点(NCPDs),其通过与Eu^(3+)和柠檬酸三钠的简单混合构建了检测TC含量的比率荧光探针。TC既可以通过内滤效应淬灭NCPDs在490 nm处的蓝绿色荧光,也可以通过Eu^(3+)的天线效应增敏Eu^(3+)在618 nm处的红色荧光。二者荧光强度的比值与TC的含量具有良好的线性关系。该方法具有快速的荧光响应,较宽的线性范围50.0 nmol/L~80.0μmol/L和较低的检出限11.8 nmol/L,并且该比率荧光传感器成功地测定了牛奶样品中的TC。

一种基于天线-移相器-天线单元结构的双宽带线圆极化器

线圆极化转换器在卫星通信天线系统中可发挥重要作用,针对K/Ka频段卫星通信的需求,采用天线-移相器-天线(AFA)结构,通过独立设计双频带内接收和发射天线,提出了一款双频宽带线圆极化器。通过堆叠贴片的方式引入新的谐振点,从而拓展极化器的工作带宽。所设计的极化器单元尺寸为0.4λ_(K)×0.37λ_(K)×0.27λ_(K),可在K波段将入射x方向线极化波转换为右旋圆极化波,并在Ka波段将入射y方向线极化波转换为左旋圆极化波。实测结果表明:在保证入射角为0°~25°范围内,该极化器响应稳定,在K和Ka波段的工作带宽分别为9.8%(18.3~20.2 GHz)和7.8%(28.5~30.82 GHz)。

椭圆函数低通滤波器在机载天线中的应用

以椭圆函数低通滤波器为原型,建立不同形式的宽带低通滤波器,通过HFSS软件对滤波器进行仿真分析。采用不同切向形式工艺降低装配误差对高次模的影响,并通过实际测试数据验证仿真结果的一致性。最终将两种不同形式的滤波器应用于机载天线系统进行业务测试,通过性能及数据对比,选择了一种更适合机载天线系统的宽带低通滤波器,收发隔离度达90 dB以上,为验证滤波器在机载天线中的应用提供了一些思路。

Single Source Self-Screen Jamming Elimination and Target Detection for Distributed Dual Antennas Radar System

Detecting target echo in the existence of self-screen jamming is a challenging work for radar system, especially when digital radio frequency memory(DRFM) technique is employed that mixes the jamming and target echo both in spatial and time-frequency domain. The conventional way to solve this problem would suffer from performance degradation when physical target(PT) and false target(FT) are superposed in time. In this paper, we propose a new spatial filter according to the different correlation characteristic between PT and FT. The filter takes the ratio of expected signal power to expected jamming and noise power as the objective function under the constant filter modulus constraint. The optimal filter coefficients are derived with a generalized rayleigh quotient approach. Moreover, we analytically compute the target detection probability and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method to the correlation coefficient. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to corroborate the proposed studies. Furthermore, the proposed method has simple architecture and low computation complexity, making it easily applied in modern radar system.

A Blind Adaptive Jamming Canceller Using Antenna Array for GPS Receiver

Traditional beamformers need to know the incident angle of the desired signal leading while its abili-ty to handle interference is limited.In this paper,the constrained steer vector of linearly constrained min-imum-variance(LCMV)beamformer is modified to make sidelobe null to direction of powerful jammer.Inaddition,the state-space concept is used to describe the anti-jammer filter,and Kalman filter algorithm isdeduced by building the observation model and measurement equation.The new method is more efficient oncomputation and more robust to survive environment with large scale variation in interference strength.Fi-nally,simulation results shows that the new approach can form the null with its depth in proportion to powerin direction of jammer,and has steady convergence process.The novel method can effectively improve thesignal-to-jammer-plus-noise power ratio(SJNR)of GPS signals to make the correlation peak easy to track.

基于阶梯阻抗谐振器的滤波介质谐振器天线

为设计一种适用于无线通信系统射频(RF)前端且具有良好带外抑制特性的滤波介质谐振器天线(DRA),提出了一种基于阶梯阻抗谐振器(SIR)的滤波DRA。通过将谐振器单元折叠并进行电耦合级联,实现带宽可调的紧凑型滤波器设计;采用零度馈电方式,提高滤波器带外抑制水平。最终,将其嵌入DRA微带馈线,完成具有准椭圆函数响应的滤波DRA设计。仿真与测试表明:天线中心频率为3.4 GHz,阻抗带宽为13.02%(3.15~3.59 GHz),增益为4.46 dBi,辐射零点分别位于2.91 GHz和4 GHz处。

Design of Reconfigurable Band Notches Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications

In this paper, an antenna with reconfigurable band notches, for cognitive radio applications, is proposed. The antenna can be operated as ultra wideband, and is reconfigurable in terms of the ability to select a notched band in the SRR resonant frequency. The reconfigurable band notches are induced using a band-stop filter based on split-ring resonators (SRRs), and are controlled using electronic switches mounted over the SRRs. For this sake, the design of the band-stop filter is proposed. A prototype of filter is fabricated and measured. The incorporation of a band-stop filter, into a wideband antenna, is then looked into. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using Ansoft HFSS. A prototype of the antenna is fabricated and measured. A good analogy between simulated and measured results is obtained.

AN ADAPTIVE MOVING TARGET TRACKING ALGORITHM FOR SMART ANTENNA SYSTEMS

In wireless communication environment, the time-varying channel and angular spreads caused by multipath fading and the mobility of Mobile Stations (MS) degrade the performance of the conventional Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) tracking algorithms. On the other hand, although the DOA estimation methods based on the Maximum Likelihood (ML) principle have higher resolution than the beamforming and the subspace based methods, prohibitively heavy computation limits their practical applications. This letter first proposes a new suboptimal DOA estimation algorithm that combines the advantages of the lower complexity of subspace algorithm and the high accuracy of ML based algo- rithms, and then proposes a Kalman filtering based tracking algorithm to model the dynamic property of directional changes for mobile terminals in such a way that the association between the estimates made at different time points is maintained. At each stage during tracking process, the current suboptimal estimates of DOA are treated as measurements, predicted and updated via a Kalman state equation, hence adaptive tracking of moving MS can be carried out without the need to perform unduly heavy computations. Computer simulation results show that this proposed algorithm has better per- formance of DOA estimation and tracking of MS than the conventional ML or subspace based algo- rithms in terms of accuracy and robustness.