A hybrid heterogeneous Pythagorean fuzzy group decision modelling for crowdfunding development process pathways of fintech‑based clean energy investment projects

This study aims to evaluate the crowdfunding alternatives regarding new service development process pathways of clean energy investment projects.In this framework,a new model has been generated by considering the consensus-based group decisionmaking with incomplete preferences,Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).Moreover,a comparative evaluation has been performed with Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I.Kompromisno Resenje methodology and sensitivity analysis has been made by considering 4 different cases.The main contribution is to identify appropriate crowdfunding-based funding alternatives for the improvement of the clean energy investments with a novel MCDM model.By considering the iteration technique and consensus-based analysis,the missing parts in the evaluations can be completed and opposite opinion problems can be reduced.Furthermore,with the help of hybrid MCDM model by combining DEMATEL and TOPSIS,more objective results can be reached.It is concluded that the analysis results are coherent and reliable.The findings indicate that the full launch is the most significant criterion for equity and debt-based crowdfunding alternatives.On the other side,the analysis has the highest weight for reward and donation-based alternatives whereas design is the most essential item regarding the royalty-based alternative.Additionally,it is also defined that equity-based crowdfunding alternative is the most significant for the service development process of clean energy investment projects.In this way,it will be possible to provide a continuous resource for clean energy investment projects.On the other hand,by providing financing with equity,there will be no fixed financing cost for clean energy investors.If these investors make a profit,they distribute dividends with the decision of their authorized bodies.

Consensus‑based multidimensional due diligence of fintech‑enhanced green energy investment projects

The purpose of this study is to provide a hybrid group decision-making approach to evaluate fintech-based financial alternatives for green energy investment projects.First,the multidimensional factors of due diligence for fintech-based financing alternatives of green energy investment projects are identified.In this regard,the balanced scorecard perspectives are considered.Next,consensus-based group decision-making analysis is performed.Second,impact-relation directions for fintech-based financing alternatives of green energy investment projects are defined.For this purpose,the spherical fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL)methodology is applied.The novelty of this study is its proposal of a new outlook to due diligence of fintech-project financing for renewable energy investments by using the group and integrated decision-making approaches with spherical fuzzy DEMATEL.The findings indicate that customer expectations are the most essential factor for the revenue sharing and rewarding models.Additionally,this study identified that organizational competency plays the most important role with respect to the peer-to-business debt model.In contrast,the conclusion was reached that financial returns have the greatest importance for the equity sharing model.

DEBT MATURITY STRUCTURE IN PROJECT FINANCING

Based on the concept of debt duration,this paper proposes the elasticity of cash flow.Then,the debt maturity structure in project financing is discussed.The results show that in the project financing structure,the debt maturity structure is closely related with debt capacity.Higher debt ratio requires short term debt,and vise versa.

Hydro Matrix Power Wheels Generate More than 5 GW/h from Main Branch Canals (River Nile) in Egypt

In this paper, a new hydromatrix power wheels generation unit is presented. This presented hydromatrix power unit is aimed to convert the water movement in the main river branches into electrical power. It is found that the generated power based on the proposed hydromatrix power can be generated about 5 GW/h in Egypt. The proposed hydromatrix power unit based on the under shot water wheel type and the generated electrical power using this proposed unit is calculated at head;difference equal to 1 meter is presented.

Finance infrastructure through blockchain-based tokenization

The infrastructure finance gap has long-standing implications for economic and social development.Owing to low efficiency,high transaction costs,and long transaction time,conventional infrastructure financing instruments are considered to be major contributors to the increasing mismatch between the need for infrastructure development and available financing.Implemented through smart contracts,blockchain tokenization has shown characteristics that are poised to change the capital stack of infrastructure investment.This study analyzed the first SEC-compliant energy asset security token,Ziyen-Coin,from the perspective of the key participants,relevant regulations,and token offering procedures.Results show that tokenization can improve infrastructure assets liquidity,transaction efficiency,and transparency across intermediaries.Conventional infrastructure financing instruments were compared with blockchain tokenization by reviewing the literature on infrastructure finance.The benefits and barriers of tokenizing infrastructure assets were thoroughly discussed to devise ways of improving infrastructure financing.The study also found that the potential of tokenization has not yet been fully realized because of the limited technical infrastructures,regulation uncertainties,volatilities in the token market,and absence of the public sector.This study contributes to the present understanding of how blockchain technology can be implemented in infrastructure finance and the role of tokenization in the structure of public-private partnership and project finance.

Research on Evaluating the Efficiency of the Project Financing of the Energy Service Company

The financing efficiency evaluation of the ESCO(Energy Service Company) is an important approach to improve the operation efficiency of existing building energy-saving projects. To scientifically and reasonably evaluate the financing efficiency of the ESCO,this paper puts forward a combination evaluation model based on the method set. Firstly, the method set is composed of different methods that meet the demand of statistical coherence, and KENALL-W coefficient test of concordance is used to check up the coherence of the ranking results of the different methods. Secondly, mean,Borda and Copeland are used separately for calculating the combination evaluation results and the circular combination method is used to ensure the coherence of evaluation results. Finally, the combination evaluation model is used to evaluate the 10 ESCO business project financing benefits, and the effectiveness of the models is verified accordingly.