Assessing Financial Management Practices and Accounting Mechanisms in Agricultural Cooperatives:A Case Study From Nepal

The study focuses on assessing the financial management practices and accounting mechanisms in agricultural cooperatives in Tulsipur Sub-Metropolitan,Dang District,Nepal with a focus on understanding their implications for financial performance and organizational effectiveness.The sample size of total cooperatives(n=46)was divided into Savings and Credit Cooperatives(n=18)and Multipurpose Cooperatives(n=28),respectively,with a total number of respondents(n=138)categorized into managing directors,employees,and general members.Using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative analysis of financial data with qualitative insights gathered through interviews and surveys,the study emphasizes the importance of modern financial practices,improved reporting mechanisms,and relevant staff training for long-term sustainability.Recommendations include the integration of criteria and evaluation tools to assess cooperative performance,with Hamro Pahunch Multipurpose Cooperative identified as a high performer.Emphasizing the need for robust financial management strategies to navigate the complexity of the agricultural sector,manage risks,and achieve sustainable development,the study notes frequent preparation of financial management reports on a monthly and annual basis,and predominantly annual accounting management.Most cooperatives are using computerized models to present financial positions,but face challenges such as lack of marketing infrastructure,cooperative skills,and technical support.Ultimately,the study advocates for educating policy makers,cooperative leaders,practitioners and stakeholders on the role of effective financial management and accounting in enhancing the resilience,expansion and socio-economic impact of agricultural cooperatives,thereby fostering their long-term prosperity and viability as drivers of rural development and empowerment.

Analysis of Internal Control Management Problems in Hospital Finance and Accounting

This paper outlines the internal control management of hospital accounting and finance,introducing its concept,importance,and objectives.It then analyzes the problems existing in the internal control management of hospital accounting and finance,including an unsound management system,insufficient system implementation,inadequate risk assessment and control capabilities,poor information communication,weak internal supervision,and uneven personnel quality.The reasons for these problems are also analyzed,including outdated management concepts,irrational organizational structures,imperfect training and incentive mechanisms,low levels of information technology,and changes in the external environment.This paper proposes improvement measures for the internal control management of hospital accounting,including enhancing the management system,strengthening system implementation,improving risk assessment and control capabilities,enhancing the information communication mechanism,strengthening internal supervision,improving personnel quality,advancing information technology,and adapting to changes in the external environment.

Application Strategy of Management Accounting in Financial Management of Colleges and Universities

In recent years,application of management accounting has been gaining a lot of attention.The positive role of management accounting in financial management has also been widely recognized.After the official implementation of new government accounting system,environment and situation for financial management in colleges and universities are different from that in the past.In addition to adjustment according to relevant requirements,financial management of colleges and universities are also required to carry out trial application of management accounting.Through analysis of application of management accounting in financial management of some colleges and universities,it can be found that application of management accounting is not being carried out well and is restricted by many difficult factors.This paper will analyze the difficulties of application of management accounting in financial management of colleges and universities,and put forward suitable suggestions for better application of management accounting.

Integration of Accounting and Statistics in Financial Management of Financial Bureau

The Financial Bureau is a functional department responsible for the expenditure management of local units.It not only undertakes the responsibility of formulating and revising the financial management system,but also supervises the strict implementation of the financial system by local units.The efficient operation of the Financial Bureau can ensure the smooth progress of local work and provide assistance for local economic development.Currently,with the rapid economic development,all government departments are carrying out system reform and innovation of working methods to improve the work efficiency and make up for the deficiencies in the work.Accounting and statistics are the key links throughout the financial management work of the Financial Bureau.With the continuous innovation of the management system of the Financial Bureau,accounting and statistics will be more closely integrated.

Discussion on the Enhanced Accounting Supervision System of Financial Management

Accounting supervision is a management activity to monitor and supervise the production, business operation, and budget implementation in enterprises, and a good accounting supervision plays an extremely important role in the social and economic development. In China, there are many accounting supervision problems in accounting practice at present, and a lot of the problems have exerted a negative impact on the social and economic life. Therefore, the causes for these problems are discussed and analyzed, so that the corresponding methods and measures are proposed for solving the existing problems and promoting the accounting supervision to play a better and greater role in the financial management of enterprises.

Discussion on the Enhanced Accounting Supervision System of Financial Management

Accounting supervision is a management activity to monitor and supervise the production, business operation, and budget implementation in enterprises, and a good accounting supervision plays an extremely important role in the social and economic development. In China, there are many accounting supervision problems in accounting practice at present, and a lot of the problems have exerted a negative impact on the social and economic life. Therefore, the causes for these problems are discussed and analyzed, so that the corresponding methods and measures are proposed for solving the existing problems and promoting the accounting supervision to play a better and greater role in the financial management of enterprises.

Building a New Socialist Countryside, Improving Commission and Agent System of “Village-level Accounting”

Rural finance is an issue concerned with rural people, improving rural financial management is important to close the relations of cadres and masses, maintain rural stability, and promote rural economic development. This article explained the main problems of village financial, the needs of introducing commission and agent system of ＂village-level accounting＂ for building a new socialist countryside, and the measures of improving commission and agent system of ＂village-level accounting＂.

The Impact of International Accounting Standards Board （IASB）＇s Guidelines for Preparing Management Commentary （MC）： Evidence From Italian Listed Firms

This paper investigates the Italian firms＇ disclosure in response to the new guidance on the management commentary （MC） contained in the International Financial Reporting Standard （IFRS） practice statement issued by International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） in 2010. The study is organized as follows. After reviewing the relevant literature on financial disclosure and MC, this paper examines the content of the Italian management＇s report-----known as ＂Relazione sulla Gestione＂ and that of the recent IASB＇s IFRS practice statement. Hence, it applies a self-constructed disclosure index and a multiple correspondence analysis （MCA） on MC of a sample of 66 Italian non-financial listed firms. The results show that the level of disclosures provided by the Italian listed firms does not seem to be affected by the IASB＇s guidelines. However, the survey highlights large differences in the level and type of disclosure provided in MC among the sectors and firms. This paper aims to contribute to the financial reporting debate by understanding the IASB＇s guidelines and their impacts on the voluntary disclosure practices of Italian listed firms.

Talk about the necessity and realistic significance of the separation between the financial accounting and tax accounting

The tax accounting and financial accounting＇ s different target, different legal basis, different accounting principles as well as the different time of recognition between incomes and expenses will result in significant differences between accounting income and taxable income. We think that drawing on the experience of the United States and other countries to establish the specialized accounting theory and methods, the implementation of tax accounting and financial accounting separation is an inevitable requirement. Whether the financial accounting and tax accounting should be separated, of which the key lies in the degree of difference and coordinability between accounting income and taxable income. We believe that from our tax system, financial system and the history and current status of the development of accounting systems perspective, it do not exist realistic necessity of the separation between the tax accounting and the financial accounting.

Risk signal, financial derivatives transactions and the Indonesian GAAP

Motivated by the accounting events of firm＇s default related to derivatives and other financial instruments transactions, this study is aimed to investigate the capability of accounting information to signal the risks associated with the use of financial derivatives for hedging. Hypothesis are developed based on the theory and empirical evidences of manager＇s motive to use derivatives for hedging （Berkman ＆ Bradbury, 1968; Dune, et al., 2003） as well as signaling theory of accounting information （Ball ＆ Brown, 1968; Beaver ＆ Dukes, 1972; Jensen ＆ Meckling, 1976; Megginson, 1997）. The hypotheses are formulated in the Ordinary Least Square model. The study uses Statistical Product and Service Solutions （SPSS） version 14 as software to conduct the statistical tests. Non-bank and non-financial institutions firms with financial derivatives transactions listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2001 to 2006 are chosen as the sample. Determinations of the time frame has considered the timing of introduction of revisions of accounting standard on derivatives and other financial instruments in Indonesia PSAK 50 Financial Instruments： Presentations and Disclosures which was published in July, 1998, as well as PSAK 55 Financial Instruments： Recognition and Measurements which was published in 1998. Based on the sample selections procedure and the completeness of the data required by the model, 24 firms listed during 2001-2006 or equal to 66 firm-years observations were identified as the data to be tested. Empirical evidences suggests that Indonesian GAAP is capable of providing signal associated with： （1） Fair value exposures related to manager＇s motive to reduce the cost of financial distress; （2） Cash flow exposures related to manager＇s motive to practice tax arbitrage as well as to overcome underinvestment problems; （3） Interest rate risks related to manager＇s motive to avoid the risk default due to limitations of debt covenants; （4） Forex risk related to manager＇s motive to control forex exposures caused by foreign operations as well as foreign sales.

The Impact of Switching Standard on Accounting Quality

In a developing country, modernization and change of the accounting regime are possible if the standards are in compliance with global ones. The change of accounting standards adopted by Turkey started to be implemented, and this created a number of qualitative and quantitative results. This study examines the impact of change of accounting standards on accounting quality. In order to determine how switching standard reflects accounting quality, first of all, the earnings management, timely loss recognition, and value relevance variables pertaining to accounting quality were listed and the findings were stated after subjecting the obtained data to statistical analyses. Accordingly, by the transition to International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS）, the earnings management practices were observed to decrease as compared with the pre-IFRS period and the timely loss recognition and value-relevance values were observed to increase, which constitute the dimensions of accounting quality. It was also concluded that by the switch from domestic accounting standards to International Accounting Standards （IAS）, the quality of accounting in the country was improved and the market became more active than it was before.

The Development Trend of Management Accounting

＂The more development of the economy, the more important of the accounting＂ is a Chinese accounting profession maxim It represents the people＇s general recognition for the value of accounting work, especially in today＇s economic globalization.As an universal business language, accounting＇ s significance is more popular. However, the ＂accounting＂ tend to focus more on the financial accounting and ignore the management accounting. Indeed, compared to the development of financial accounting, management accounting＇ s development is lagging behind. But this does not mean that management accounting is not important. Management accounting uses related information to reconcile the financial and business activities, and plays an important role in decision-making and performance evaluation,as well as in the enterprise budget.

区块链赋能企业财务共享模式:应收账款管理

针对财务共享模式下应收账款管理中存在的信息共享不及时、票据处理效率低、甄别客户信用手段落后、交易信息可验证性弱的问题,本文基于业务财务、共享财务和战略财务三层职能框架,应用区块链的P2P网络广播技术、智能合约和共识机制技术,重构了财务共享模式下应收账款管理的系统框架,并从技术原理与业务流程两方面探讨了区块链赋能应收账款管理的实现路径。提出了从财务三层职能框架整体视角推进区块链技术的应用,对应收账款管理流程进行优化,以及基于区块链的财务生态系统建设等建议,为财务共享模式下全面提升应收账款管理效能提供了借鉴。

Research on the Path of Transition from Financial Accounting to Management Accounting Under the Background of Big Data

Driven by the wave of big data,the traditional financial accounting model faces an urgent need for transformation,as it struggles to adapt to the complex requirements of modern enterprise management.This paper aims to explore the feasible path for transitioning enterprise financial accounting to management accounting in the context of big data.It first analyzes the limitations of financial accounting in the era of big data,then highlights the necessity of transitioning to management accounting.Following this,the paper outlines the various challenges that may arise during this transition and,based on the analysis,proposes a series of corresponding transition strategies.These strategies aim to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for enterprises seeking a smooth transition from financial accounting to management accounting.

用审计结果促进企业财务管理及会计核算的策略研究

在现代商业环境中,企业的财务管理和会计核算是确保企业稳定运营、可持续发展的重要组成部分。然而,由于信息不对称、内部控制不完善等原因,企业的财务报表可能存在错误和不准确的情况,给企业决策带来不确定性。审计作为一种独立的评估机制,通过对企业财务报表的审查和验证,揭示了财务报表的真实性和准确性,为企业提供了可靠的决策依据。

基于会计准则的城市更新财务分析:方法与规划手段

目前针对我国城市更新的财务分析方法研究较为滞后。基于地方政府的视角,结合现代会计准则,构建了具有中国城市化特色并且与城市用地空间紧密结合的城市更新财务模型。城市的居住用地、公共配套用地以及产业用地分别对应财务模型中的融资、资产和收入项。城市更新的目标是地方政府在城市投融资阶段结束后,以资产负债表为基础寻求运营阶段利润的最大化。在基准财务分析的基础上,通过放松假设前提,进一步将其应用于对城市更新典型模式的分析,解读不同模式的财务本质以及背后隐藏的财务风险。结合以上分析,从用地结构调整、开发模式选择、公共资产盘活、产业用地出让以及用途和产权变更五个方面提出进一步优化我国城市更新的规划策略和具体手段。

公立医院低值耗材管理的财会监督改进研究

当前,公立医院对低值耗材管理的财会监督存在较多难点,难以适应医保、收入、预算、运营等方面监管的要求。对此,案例医院探索推进低值耗材管理的财会监督改进措施,通过信息化改造、预算资产管控、费用结构调整、规范计价收费行为、加强业财融合等,提升对低值耗材管理的财会监督能力,落实监管责任,取得了显著成效,为其他医院加强低值耗材管理的财会监督提供了经验借鉴。

新政府会计制度下事业单位财务管理问题及对策研究

新政府会计制度提出的双体系核算模式在更全面地反映事业单位财务状况和资金使用情况的同时,对事业单位财务管理提出了新的挑战。文章介绍了事业单位财务管理的基本特点,结合新政府会计制度内容分析新制度实施对事业单位财务管理提出的要求,深刻剖析了新政府会计制度实施后事业单位在财务管理难度、资产管理现状、财务信息质量、绩效评价指标和财务管理监督等方面存在的问题并提出针对性对策,以期提高事业单位财务管理效率,推动事业单位财务管理向现代化、规范化、透明化方向发展。

业财融合理念下企业财务会计向管理会计转型的策略研究

随着时代的发展和经济形势的变化,传统的企业财务会计已经不能满足企业发展的需要。在业财融合的理念下,企业开始积极探索转型为管理会计的策略。管理会计以企业管理为中心,注重提供决策支持和业务分析的信息,帮助企业更好地实现战略目标。随着社会经济的不断发展,业财融合已经成为企业发展的必然趋势。在此背景下,企业财务会计向管理会计转型成为企业实现业财融合的关键。文章从业财融合理念出发,分析了企业财务会计向管理会计转型的必要性和存在的问题,并提出了一系列转型策略,旨在帮助企业更好地实现业财融合,提高财务管理水平和经济效益。