Numerical Analysis for High⁃Throughput Elastic Modulus Measurement of Substrate⁃Supported Thin Films

Micro/nano-thin films are widely used in the fields of micro/nano-electromechanical system(MEMS/NEMS)and flexible electronics,and their mechanical properties have an important impact on the stability and reliability of components.However,accurate characterization of the mechanical properties of thin films still faces challenges due to the complexity of film-substrate structure,and the characterization efficiency of traditional techniques is insufficient.In this paper,a high-throughput determination method of the elastic modulus of thin films is proposed based on the strain variance method,the feasibility of which is analyzed by the finite element method(FEM),and the specific tensile configuration with array-distributed thin films is designed and optimized.Based on the strain difference between the film-substrate region and the uncoated region,the elastic modulus of multiple films is obtained simultaneously,and the influences of film width,spacing,thickness,and distribution on the measurement of elastic modulus are elucidated.The results show that the change in film width has a more obvious effect on the elastic modulus determination than film spacing and thickness,i.e.,the larger the film width is,the closer the calculation results are to the theoretical value,and the change in calculation results tends to be stabilized when the film width increases to a certain length.Specifically,the simultaneous measurement of the elastic modulus of eight metal films on a polyimide(PI)substrate with a length of 110 mm and a width of 30 mm can be realized,and the testing throughput can be further increased with the extension of the substrate length.This study provides an efficient and low-cost method for measuring the elastic modulus of thin films,which is expected to accelerate the development of new thin film materials.

A New Elasticity and Finite Element Formulation for Different Young's Modulus When Tension and Compression Loadings

This paper presents a new elasticity and finite element formulation for different Young's modulus when tension and compression loadings in anisotropy media. The case studies, such as anisotropy and isotropy, were investigated. A numerical example was shown to find out the changes of neutral axis at the pure bending beams.

Study on Influence of Ballast Spring Modulus on Track Structure Based on Finite Element Method

The finite element method is used to simulate the orbital structure,and the finite element model of"rail-sleepers-ballast"can be established.The model of the elastic modulus of different ballast and sleeper is calculated,and the rail displacement,the sleeper stress and the fastening force are deduced.The results show that the elastic modulus of the ballast can be increased to reduce the displacement of the rail and the supporting force of the fastener,but the stress of the sleeper will be increased.When the modu-lus of elasticity increases,the rail displacement,small.

Effects of thickness and elastic modulus on stress condition of fatigue-resistant coating under rolling contact

The distribution and magnitude of surface substrates were investigated by finite element method and subsurface stresses of the （FEM）. The models of coating single-layer sprayed-coatings on monolithic configurations with different thicknesses and elastic modulus ratios of coating to substrate were introduced, and the effects of thickness and elastic modulus ratio on the stresses were addressed. The calculation results show that the coating/substrate interface shear stress obviously decreases with increasing coating thickness, due to the location of the maximum shear stress moving away from the coating/substrate interface. At the same time, the magnitude of von Mises stress also declines in the case of thicker coatings. However, the high elastic modulus ratio results in extremely high maximum shear stress and the severe discontinuity of the von Mises stress curves, which leads to the intensive stress concentration on the coating/substrate interface. So the coating configurations with the larger coating thickness and lower difference of elastic modulus between coating and substrate exhibit excellent resistant performance of rolling contact fatigue （RCF）.

Analytical Model of Elastic Modulus and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion for 2.5D C/SiC Composite

To make better use of 2.5D C/SiC composites in industry, it is necessary to understand the mechanical properties. A finite element model＇of 2.5D composites is established, by considering the fiber undulation and the porosity in 2.5D C/SiC composites. The fiber direction of warp is defined by cosine function to simulate the undulation of warp, and based on uniform strain assumption, analytical model of the elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE） for 2.5D C/SiC composites were established by using dual- scale model. The result is found to correlate reasonably well with the predicted results and experimental results. The parametric study also demonstrates the effects of the fiber volume fraction, distance of warp yarn, and porosity in micro-scale on the mechanical properties and the coefficients of thermal expansion.

Analysis of the elastic-plastic indentation properties of materials with varying ratio of hardness to Young’s modulus

The elastic-plastic indentation properties of materials with varying ratio of hardness to Young’s modulus(H/E) were analyzed with the finite element method. And the indentation stress fields of materials with varying ratio H/E on the surface were studied by the experiment. The results show that the penetration depth, contact radius, plastic pile-up and the degree of elastic recovery depend strongly on the ratio H/E. Moreover, graphs were established to describe the relationship between the elastic-plastic indentation parameters and H/E. The established graphs can be used to predict the H/E of materials when compared with experimental data.

Finite element analysis of stress at implant-bone interface of dental implants with different structures

The effect of structure,elastic modulus and thickness of lower modulus layer in porous titanium implants on the stress distribution at the implant-bone interface was investigated.Three-dimensional finite element models of different titanium implants were constructed.The structures of the implants included the whole lower modulus style （No.1）,bio-mimetic style （No.2）,the whole lower modulus style in cancellous bone （No.3） and the whole dense style No.4.The stress distributions at bone-implant interface under static loading were analyzed using Ansys Workbench 10.0 software.The results indicated that the distribution of interface stress is strongly depended on the structure of the implants.The maximum stresses in cancellous bone and root region of implant No.2 are lower than those in the other three implants.A decrease in the modulus of the low modulus layer facilitates the interface stress transferring.Increasing the thickness of the low modulus layer can reduce the stress and induce a more uniform stress distribution at the interface.Among the four implants,biomimetic style implant No.2 is superior in transferring implant-bone interface stress to surrounding bones.

椎间隙注入不同弹性模量骨水泥对邻近上下椎体应力的影响

背景:近年来,针对腰椎间盘退变和椎间隙变窄所引起的腰部反复疼痛病症从国外引入了椎间隙注入骨水泥的治疗方法,但部分患者在治疗后出现椎体骨折的情况,原因可能是骨水泥弹性模量不佳。目的:通过腰椎三维有限元模型分析椎间隙中注入不同弹性模量骨水泥对上下椎体表面最大应力的影响。方法:招募1名脊柱正常志愿者获取CT数据,利用Mimics、Geomagic、SolidWorks、Ansys建立腰椎L_(2)-L_(5)有限元模型,随后建立L_(3)-L_(4)椎间隙注射不同剂量(1 mL与4 mL)骨水泥模型,每种剂量下赋予骨水泥4种弹性模量(1000,2000,4000,8000 MPa),在L_(2)椎体表面施加压力与弯矩,分析L_(3)椎体下表面与L_(4)椎体上表面的应力。结果与结论:①在骨水泥注入量相同的情况下,随着骨水泥弹性模量的增大,L_(3)椎体下表面与L_(4)椎体上表面的应力增加,其中弹性模量1000 MPa骨水泥对L_(3)椎体下表面与L_(4)椎体上表面的应力影响最小,弹性模量8000 MPa骨水泥对L_(3)椎体下表面与L_(4)椎体上表面的应力影响最大,不同弹性模量骨水泥对整个腰椎活动度的影响较小;②结果说明,在满足治疗要求的情况下注入较低弹性模量的骨水泥可以降低术后骨折风险。

非饱和膨胀土脱湿过程中的弹性模量研究

现有的理论与测试方法通常没有考虑非饱和作用对膨胀土弹性模量的影响,在处理降雨问题时会产生较大的误差。针对这一问题,本文研究了膨胀土在脱湿过程中的收缩变形特征,同时采用弯曲元以及应变控制仪获得了在小变形条件和有限变形条件下膨胀土的弹性模量与含水率的变化关系。结果表明:随着土样饱和度降低,膨胀土发生了明显的收缩变形;小变形弹性模量远大于有限变形弹性模量,且土样的小变形弹性模量随着饱和度的降低迅速增大,而有限变形弹性模量则随着饱和度的降低变化幅度很小;含水率或基质吸力对非饱和土弹性模量的影响趋势与应变水平密切相关。

不同厚度及刚性隐形矫治器内收上颌前牙的有限元分析

背景:隐形矫治器因其特殊的材料性能,在拔除上颌第一前磨牙内收前牙关闭间隙过程中更易发生“过山车效应”,牙齿倾斜移动,导致前牙覆牙合加深、后牙开牙合。是否可以通过改变矫治器厚度或刚性减轻“过山车效应”,更好地控制正畸牙移动,目前相关研究较少。目的:通过三维有限元分析不同厚度及刚性隐形矫治器内收上颌前牙时控制牙齿移动能力方面的差异。方法:将侧貌凸患者的锥形束CT数据导入Mimics等软件,模拟临床病例,构建去除第一前磨牙后包括上颌骨、牙齿、牙周膜的三维有限元模型,装配0.50,0.75 mm 2种厚度膜片的隐形矫治器,通过软件加载1000,2000 MPa 2种弹性模量的材料属性,总共构建4组模型工况。按照临床矫治方案设计关闭拔牙间隙,在Workbench 2023 R1软件中加载并计算,分析牙周膜应力分布、牙齿位移趋势及牙齿初始位移量。结果与结论:(1)4种模型工况下的牙周膜Von-Mises应力分布规律一致,牙周膜最大等效应力主要分布在牙颈部,并且矫治器膜片越厚牙周膜Von-Mises应力越大、矫治器膜片弹性模量越大牙周膜Von-Mises应力越大;(2)4种模型工况下的上颌牙列整体位移趋势为前牙冠舌向、根唇向的移动,后牙冠近中移动、根远中移动,牙齿的冠、根位移方向均相反,牙冠位移量大于牙根位移量;除尖牙外,其余牙齿均呈现矫治器膜片越厚R/C值(牙根移动量与冠移动量比值)越小、矫治器膜片弹性模量越大R/C值越小的趋势;(3)结果表明,利用隐形矫治器内收上颌前牙时,在不设计切牙转矩补偿的情况下牙齿表现为倾斜移动趋势,矫治器厚度和弹性模量越大时对牙齿控的制能力越强,牙齿倾斜移动趋势减小;尖牙则需通过其他辅助手段进行控制。

调控界面应力分布增强干黏附材料的黏附力

干黏附材料利用分子间作用力产生黏附性能,凭借其可重复使用等特点,在机器人技术及精密制造中有着重要的应用。为使干黏附材料受拉时接触界面应力更加均匀,提高其黏附力,对微米级羰基铁粉颗粒/聚二甲基硅氧烷磁流变弹性体干黏附材料进行结构设计,通过改变羰基铁粉的质量分数和外加磁场,制备了弹性模量沿半径方向变化的多级复合样品和梯度模量样品,黏附强度分别达到8.0 N/cm^(2)和11.4 N/cm^(2),相较于羰基铁粉质量分数(60%)相同的均质样品,多级复合样品和梯度分布样品的黏附强度分别提升了35%和77%。结合有限元仿真结果可知,弹性模量径向分布设计能有效降低边缘应力集中,由于梯度模量样品界面正应力分布更均匀,因此其黏附增强效果比多级复合样品更显著。

索道用钢丝绳轴向弹性模量有限元仿真研究

轴向弹性模量是索道用钢丝绳重要的力学特性,影响着索道设计中对钢丝绳的选用。应用微分几何理论推导每根钢丝的中心线参数方程,通过Creo建立一个捻距长度的钢丝绳三维模型,将三维模型文件导入Hypermesh中划分网格、设置边界条件,最后利用Abaqus计算得到不同轴向拉力下钢丝绳的变形与等效应力云图,得出钢丝绳拉力与等效弹性模量的关系。结果表明,在拉力较小时,钢丝绳等效弹性模量随拉力增大而增大,当拉力到达一定值后,等效弹性模量稳定在钢丝材料弹性模量的0.64倍。

不同弹性模量计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造桩核材料的应力分析

背景:桩核修复是牙体缺损修复的一种常规选择,然而不同桩核材料的修复效果存在差异。目的:利用有限元方法评估不同弹性模量桩核修复模型中桩核与牙根黏结剂部位的应力分布情况。方法:在三维建模软件中构建一个三维根管治疗过的上颌中切牙模型,进行全瓷冠修复,修复中的桩核材料分别使用纳米陶瓷树脂(弹性模量12.8 GPa)、复合树脂(弹性模量16 GPa)、混合陶瓷(弹性模量34.7 GPa)、玻璃陶瓷(弹性模量95 GPa)、钛合金(弹性模量112 GPa)和氧化锆(弹性模量209.3 GPa),将模型约束在皮质骨中,在中切牙牙冠舌侧1/3处加载与牙体长轴呈45°的100 N集中力,通过最大主应力分析修复模型中桩核、牙本质及桩与牙根黏结剂的应力分布。结果与结论:(1)当使用弹性模量较高的桩核材料时,修复模型中的桩核应力较集中;当使用弹性模量接近牙本质的桩核材料(纳米陶瓷树脂和复合树脂)时,桩核的应力分布较均匀;无论桩核材料如何,各修复模型中牙本质上的应力分布相似;使用弹性模量更高的桩核时,修复模型中桩与牙根黏结剂处显示出更多的应力集中。(2)纳米陶瓷树脂模型中桩核、牙根及桩与牙根黏结剂处的最大应力值分别为31.00,33.21,0.51 MPa,复合树脂模型中桩核、牙根及桩与牙根黏结剂处的最大应力值分别为36.84,33.14,0.59 MPa,混合陶瓷模型中桩核、牙根及桩与牙根黏结剂处的最大应力值分别为64.05,32.83,1.00 MPa,玻璃陶瓷模型中桩核、牙根及桩与牙根黏结剂处的最大应力值分别为112.30,32.69,1.73 MPa,钛合金模型中桩核、牙根及桩与牙根黏结剂处的最大应力值分别为120.00,32.17,1.86 MPa,氧化锆模型中桩核、牙根及桩与牙根黏结剂处的最大应力值分别为148.80,31.85,2.28 MPa。(3)桩核材料的弹性模量越高,进行桩核修复时桩核处的最大应力值越大,桩核材料弹性模量对修复模型中桩与牙根黏结剂处与牙本质的最大应力值无明显影响。

基于模态分析的双定子电励磁场调制电机弹性模量调整方法

准确获得电机结构的模态分析结果是研究电磁噪声的前提条件。该文以一台双定子电励磁场调制电机为研究对象,首先,利用有限元软件对影响其模态分析的弹性模量展开研究,探索弹性模量变化对各阶固有频率的相对影响率大小,找到外定子、电枢绕组、机壳和端盖的弹性模量变化对模态分析结果的影响规律,由此明确参数调整的方向性。然后,采用锤击法进行模态实验,并获得外定子、外定子组件以及整机模态实验结果与仿真结果二者误差的大小。最后,根据二者误差大小及参数调整的方向性,选择合适的弹性模量调整值将其误差均调整到4%以内,从而得到精确的模态仿真结果,进而有利于后续该电机电磁噪声的分析。

注入井射孔段水泥环密封失效数值模拟研究

基于流固耦合有限元数值模拟方法,模拟了不同注入压力、水泥环弹性模量和泊松比下水泥环密封失效范围。结果表明:高注入压力的卸载会引发水泥环界面的脱粘,使得泥岩层力学性能降低,增大注入井周围的剪切滑移量,加剧了注入井发生套变的可能;水泥环弹性模量的减小,能够缩小水泥环界面失效的范围,同时增大注入压力宽裕度,提高了水泥环水力封隔能力;随着水泥环泊松比的增加,水压宽裕度逐渐增加,水泥环水力封隔能力逐渐增强,因此为防止发生窜槽,固井时应选取高泊松比的水泥环。

共固化穿孔纤维增强阻尼薄膜结构面内力学性能研究

共固化穿孔纤维增强阻尼薄膜结构(CCPFRDFE)是一种大阻尼、高层间结合性能的新型阻尼处理模式,在空天技术、尖端武器、快速交通等领域具有广阔的应用前景。但复杂的结构为其力学性能的研究增加了难度,未知的力学性能限制了该新结构的开发与应用。介绍了CCPFRDFE的制作工艺,建立了CCPFRDFE有限元模型,并搭建实验平台对有限元模型进行了验证。利用有限元模型,分别研究了纤维增强阻尼层穿孔孔径、孔距和阻尼材料厚度对CCPFRDFE面内等效弹性参数的影响规律。结果表明,增加穿孔孔径、减小孔距、增加阻尼层厚度有利于提高CCPFRDFE面内等效剪切模量,但不利于提高面内等效弹性模量。所得结果将为非连续阻尼薄复合材料的振动特性研究与大挠度设计奠定基础。

袋体弹性模量对土工砂袋工程特性影响的有限元数值分析

为揭示袋体弹性模量对土工砂袋工程特性的影响,依托实际工程建立有限元数值模型,研究了3种不同袋体弹性模量下土工砂袋的受力与沉降变化,并进行现场试验与工程应用。数值分析显示,在竖向荷载200 kPa作用下,袋体弹性模量低的普通砂袋发生破坏,袋体弹性模量1000 MPa的高强砂袋最大拉力仅为其抗拉强度的27%,而3种不同袋体弹性模量下的土工砂袋沉降值差别不大。现场试验与工程应用表明,袋体弹性模量高的高强砂袋具有实用性,该技术既可减少潮水对项目施工的影响,也大幅节约了人材机等支出,具有先进性与推广价值。研究成果可为土工砂袋设计与施工提供理论指导与技术支撑。

少齿差刚柔复合摆线减速器静态特性分析

以NN型少齿差摆线减速器为研究对象,分析其结构原理及传动特性,考虑到变形协调作用,设计了少齿差刚柔复合齿轮副,在齿轮啮合传动过程中引入柔性部件,使弹性体能够吸收齿轮传动中的振动冲击并传递一部分力矩,并使用有限元进行静态啮合特性分析。在ANSYS Workbench中建立刚柔复合摆线齿轮副有限元模型,分析聚氨酯弹性体的弹性模量最小值,改变齿轮副结构参数,对刚柔复合摆线齿轮副进行轮齿啮合应力分析,并分析参数变化对齿面接触力大小的影响规律。

Biomechanical Optimization of Elastic Modulus Distribution in Porous Femoral Stem for Artificial Hip Joints

Long-term loosening is the major cause of failure of arthroplasty. One of the major causes is stress shielding, initiated by the large stiffness difference between prosthesis and bone tissue. Therefore, prosthesis with reduced stiffness properties to match those of the bone tissue may be able to minimize such a problem. Design with porous structure is believed to reduce the stiffness of the prosthesis, however at the cost of decreased strength. In this study, a patient-specific bone-implant finite element model was developed for contact mechanics study of hip joint, and algorithms were developed to adjust the elastic modulus of elements in certain regions of the femoral stem, until optimal properties were achieved according to the pre-defined criterions of the strength and stability of the system. The global safety factor of the optimized femoral stem was 11.3, and 26.4% of elements were designed as solid. The bone volume with density loss was reduced by 40% compared to the solid stem. The methodology developed in this study provides a universal method to design a patient-specific prosthesis with a gradient modulus distribution for the purposes of minimizing the stress shielding effect and extending the lifespan of the implant.

车路耦合荷载下沥青混凝土路面振动响应

为研究沥青混凝土路面的振动特性,采用滤波白噪声法拟合出路面平整度时域模型,基于1/4车辆模型,考虑车辆–道路的耦合作用,分析不同车辆速度、不同路面平整度等级时,车辆对路面的实时动荷载;建立道路三维有限元模型,研究车辆随机动荷载作用下道路的振动响应,分析道路各结构层参数对道路表面中心振动基频的影响。结果表明:路面平整度等级、车辆行驶速度对车–路耦合系统影响显著,当路面平整度等级由A级变化至C级时,同一行驶速度下的车辆动荷载增大了20%;道路振动基频随土基动模量呈对数关系增加,土基动模量由60 MPa增大至260 MPa,道路振动基频由5.61 Hz增大至10.80 Hz,振动基频增幅高达48.06%;在常用动模量变化范围内,面层、基层、垫层的动模量对基频的影响较小;随着面层、基层与垫层厚度的增加,道路基频呈线性减小的趋势,面层厚度对振动频率影响的敏感性大于基层厚度,基层厚度对振动频率影响的敏感性大于垫层厚度;在常用结构层厚度变化范围内,振动基频分别减小9.28%、18.05%与12.75%。试验结果证明:振动基频计算较正确,计算结果可为道路承载力快速测试提供理论支持。