Self-adaptive one-dimensional nonlinear finite element method based on element energy projection method

The element energy projection （EEP） method for computation of super- convergent resulting in a one-dimensional finite element method （FEM） is successfully used to self-adaptive FEM analysis of various linear problems, based on which this paper presents a substantial extension of the whole set of technology to nonlinear problems. The main idea behind the technology transfer from linear analysis to nonlinear analysis is to use Newton＇s method to linearize nonlinear problems into a series of linear problems so that the EEP formulation and the corresponding adaptive strategy can be directly used without the need for specific super-convergence formulation for nonlinear FEM. As a re- sult, a unified and general self-adaptive algorithm for nonlinear FEM analysis is formed. The proposed algorithm is found to be able to produce satisfactory finite element results with accuracy satisfying the user-preset error tolerances by maximum norm anywhere on the mesh. Taking the nonlinear ordinary differential equation （ODE） of second-order as the model problem, this paper describes the related fundamental idea, the imple- mentation strategy, and the computational algorithm. Representative numerical exam- ples are given to show the efficiency, stability, versatility, and reliability of the proposed approach.

COARSE-MESH-ACCURACY IMPROVEMENT OF BILINEAR Q_4-PLANE ELEMENT BY THE COMBINED HYBRID FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

The combined hybrid finite element method is of an intrinsic mechanism of enhancing coarse-mesh-accuracy of lower order displacement schemes. It was confirmed that the combined hybrid scheme without energy error leads to enhancement of accuracy at coarse meshes, and that the combination parameter plays an important role in the enhancement. As an improvement of conforming bilinear Q(4)-plane element, the combined hybrid method adopted the most convenient quadrilateral displacements-stress mode, i.e.,the mode of compatible isoparametric bilinear displacements and pure constant stresses. By adjusting the combined parameter, the optimized version of the combined hybrid element was obtained and numerical tests indicated that this parameter-adjusted version behaves much better than Q(4)-element and is of high accuracy at coarse meshes. Due to elimination of stress parameters at the elemental level, this combined hybrid version is of the same computational cost as that of Q(4)-element.

Vibration Analysis of Vehicle Floor Panel Using Hybrid Method of FEM and SEA

In order to improve the mass efficiency of an automotive soundproof package, it is important to predict the middle to high frequency range of noise and vibration during vehicle operation. A hybrid method of experimental and analytical SEA （statistical energy analysis） has been applied for the prediction of air-borne noise. However, for predicting structure-borne noise, there are no definitive simulation methods that can address the soundproof specifications in an actual vehicle. Thus, in this paper, a FEM （finite element method）＇SEA hybrid method is used. The FEM＇SEA hybrid method predicts structure-borne noise in the middle to high frequency range. First, we explain the basic concept of the FEM＇SEA hybrid method; Second, we describe our experiment to verify the analytical results of the FEM＇SEA hybrid method; Third, we provide the details of the FEM model versus the FEM＇SEA hybrid model; Finally, we verify the validity and availability of the FEM＇SEA hybrid method through comparisons of the FEM analysis results, FEM-SEA analysis results and measured results.

Energy density response prediction of structures with uncertainty using interval analysis method

Prediction of vibration energy responses of structures with uncertainties is of interest in many fields. The energy density control equation for one-dimensional structure is provided firstly. Interval analysis method is applied to the control equation to obtain the range of energy density responses of structures with interval parameters. A cantilever beam with interval-valued damping coefficient is exemplified to carry out a simulation. The result shows that the mean value of energy density from the interval analysis method is the same as that from a probabilistic method which validates the interval analysis method. Besides, the response range from the interval analysis method is wider and includes that from the probabilistic method which indicates the interval analysis method is a more conservative method and is safer in realistic engineering structures.

Dynamic analysis and experimental study of vibro-acoustic system with uncertainties at middle frequencies

To take into account the influence of uncetainties on the dynamic response of the vibro-acousitc structure, a hybrid modeling technique combining the finite element method（FE）and the statistic energy analysis（SEA） is proposed to analyze vibro-acoustics responses with uncertainties at middle frequencies. The mid-frequency dynamic response of the framework-plate structure with uncertainties is studied based on the hybrid FE-SEA method and the Monte Carlo（MC）simulation is performed so as to provide a benchmark comparison with the hybrid method. The energy response of the framework-plate structure matches well with the MC simulation results, which validates the effectiveness of the hybrid FE-SEA method considering both the complexity of the vibro-acoustic structure and the uncertainties in mid-frequency vibro-acousitc analysis. Based on the hybrid method, a vibroacoustic model of a construction machinery cab with random properties is established, and the excitations of the model are measured by experiments. The responses of the sound pressure level of the cab and the vibration power spectrum density of the front windscreen are calculated and compared with those of the experiment. At middle frequencies, the results have a good consistency with the tests and the prediction error is less than 3. 5dB.

Mechanical analysis of flexible integrated energy storage devices under bending by the finite element method

Although a great deal of studies focus on the design of flexible energy storage devices(ESDs),their mechanical behaviors under bending states are still not sufficiently investigated,and the understanding of the corresponding structural conversion therefore still lags behind.Here,we systematically and thoroughly investigated the mechanical behaviors of flexible all-in-one ESDs under bending deformation by the finite element method.The influences of thicknesses,Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratios of electrodes and electrolyte were taken into account.Visualized and quantified results including displacement,strain energy,von Mises stress,and tensile,compressive,and interfacial shear stress are demonstrated and analyzed.Based on these results,significant conclusions are drawn for the design of flexible integrated ESDs with robust mechanical properties.This work will provide guidance for the design of ESDs with high flexibility.

Crushing analysis and multiobjective crashworthiness optimization of bitubular polygonal tubes with internal walls

In order to reduce casualties and property losses in a collision accident, thin-walled structure has been extensively used as energy absorber in crashworthiness design of train. With the help of energy absorber, collision kinetic energy can be controllably dissipated by the plastic deformation of structures. A new kind of multi-cell thin-walled structure called as bitubular polygonal tubes with internal walls(BPTIW) was constructed. The crashworthiness characteristics of BPTIWs were investigated by LS-DYNA. It can be found that the BPTIW with 12 sides has the most excellent crashworthiness characteristics. Therefore, based on response surface method(RSM) and multiobjective particle optimization(MOPSO) algorithm, the BPTIW with 12 sides was selected to optimize the dimensions of cross-sectional configuration under different constraints of energy absorption(EA) and crushing peak force(CPF). The results show that the optimal designs of BPTIW12 under different constraints present excellent crashworthiness characteristics and can be used in the practical engineering.

Fracture analysis of rock mass based on 3-D nonlinear Finite Element Method

Traditional fracture analysis is based on fracture mechanics and damage mechanics. They focus on the propagation of the fracture. However, their propagation criterions are not easily applied in practice and the current analysis is limited in planar problem. This paper presents a new theory that the occurrence of the unbalanced force (derived from the Deformation Reinforcement Theory) could be the criterion of the initiation of the fracture, and the distribution area and propagation of the unbalanced force could be the indication of the fracture propagation direction. By aggregate analysis with Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) criterion, the unbalanced force actually is the opposite external load that is the SIF difference incurred between the external loads and permitted by the structure. Numerical simulation and physical experiments on pre-fracture cuboid rock specimens proved that the occurrence of the unbalanced force could be the initiation of the fracture. Mesh size dependence was also considered by analysis of different mesh size finite element gravity dam models. Furthermore, the theory was applied to the feasibility analysis of the Baihetan arch dam together with physical experiments in order to evaluate the fracture propagation of dam heel. The results show that it is an effective way to use unbalanced force to analyze the fracture initiation and propagation when performing 3-dimensional nonlinear FEM calculation.

考虑风光消纳的风光核储混合系统容量优化

本研究主要通过多目标进化算法对风光核储混合能源系统进行容量优化配置。混合能源系统包括光伏电池、风机、小型模块化钍基熔盐堆(smTMSR),以及蓄热系统等。以提高供电稳定性、减小发电成本、降低弃电率(ECP)和提高可再生能源在整个供电系统的出力占比(可再生能源占比(REF))为目标,选择光伏容量、风机容量,以及蓄热系统容量作为优化参数,并选取武威市当地的气象数据作为输入参数,通过对非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ,Ⅲ(NSGA-Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅲ),以及强度帕累托进化算法(SPEA-SDE)性能的比较,选择较优的算法对多目标优化问题进行求解得到帕累托解集。通过基于指标相关性的指标权重确定(CRITIC)方法确定目标权重,采用理想解排序法(TOPSIS)对得到的帕累托解进行排序,从而选择最佳折中解。结果表明NSGA-Ⅱ相较于其他算法收敛速度最快,但解集均匀性较差。NSGA-Ⅲ尽管收敛速度较慢,但相较于其他算法其解集均匀性最好。优化结果显示最优容量配置功率供应缺失率(DPSP)为0.9686%,平准化电力成本(LCOE)为0.0857美元(/kW·h),ECP为4.8986%,REF为21.2589%。其中弃电量主要来自核电弃电,可再生能源弃电量较少。敏感性分析结果表明:光伏容量对DPSP,ECP及REF的影响最为显著,风机容量对LCOE的影响最为显著。风光核储混合能源系统可有效促进可再生能源消纳,保证了系统供电的稳定性。

Ballistic penetration damages of hybrid plain-woven laminates with carbon,Kevlar and UHMWPE fibers in different stacking sequences

Hybrid composite materials combine different fibers in preform and take advantages of different mechanical behaviors for improving ballistic impact damage tolerances.Here we report ballistic impact damages of plain-woven laminates with different hybrids and stacking sequences.Three kinds of hybrid laminates,i.e.,carbon/Kevlar,carbon/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE),and UHMWPE/Kevlar,had been prepared and tested in ballistic penetration with fragment simulating projectiles(FSP).The residual velocities of the projectiles and impact damage morphologies of the laminates have been obtained to show impact energy absorptions for the different hybrid schemes.A microstructural model of the hybrid laminates had also been established to show impact damage mechanisms with finite element analysis(FEA).We found that the UHMWPE/Kevlar hybrid laminates with Kevlar layers as the front face have the highest energy absorption capacity,followed by the carbon/Kevlar hybrid laminates with carbon layers as the front face.The main damage modes are fiber breakages,matrix crack and interlayer delamination.The ballistic damage evolutions from the FEA results show that the major damage is shear failure for front layers,while tension failure for the back layers.We expect that the ballistic impact performance could be improved from the different hybrid schemes.

Finite time thermodynamic analysis and optimization of water cooled multi-spilit heat pipe system(MSHPS)

This study focuses on the heat transfer characteristics of the evaporation terminal,the cool distribute unit(CDU)and refrigerant flow distribution of a water cooled multi-spilit heat pipe system(MSHPS)used in data center.The finite time thermodynamic analysis,the exergy method and the software SIMULINK was employed to build the simulation model of the combined system.The results show that the IT servers should concentrate on arranging at the location below 1.3 m.The CDU has a heat transfer of about 74 J in a period of 6 s.And the optimum flow rate of the CDU is 0.82 kg/s.The flow distribution characteristic of a CDU which connect 2 heat pipe evaporator terminals of 6 kW was calculated,and the working fluid is R22.Then the free cooling time,part time free cooling and energy saving potential in major cities of China were analysised.The energy saving potential is from 61%to 25%.The results are of great significance for the operational control and practical application of a MSHPS and other pipe-net systems.

基于改进BESO法连续体结构拓扑优化研究

拓扑优化与传统尺寸优化和形状优化相比,提供了更广泛的设计灵活性,其应用越来越广泛。伴随着结构拓扑优化的发展,其优化方法也在不断进步,因此,其方法的研究凸显出重要的理论及工程应用价值。由于双向渐进结构优化方法(bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization,BESO)有很强的通用性,理论和程序实现简单,优化效率高,能够得到一系列黑/白分布的拓扑构型,正日益广泛地应用于工程实际当中。但双向渐进结构优化方法和其改进的方法在对于解决应力约束下的拓扑优化问题上一直都存在着不可忽视的问题。针对连续体结构,采用ABAQUS软件和改进双向渐进结构优化方法相结合来实现结构的拓扑优化,从而能够解决应力约束拓扑优化问题,进而证明其优越性以及应用在工程实例的可行性,详细描述BESO方法及其在工程领域中的应用,分析双向渐进结构优化方法成功的根本原因,以及相较于其他拓扑优化方法的优点,然后基于约束条件优化问题,提出约束条件与拓扑变量的关系。以结构应变能最小化为目标,利用拉格朗日方法推导出以应力约束作为约束条件,对C形夹、工字钢梁结构进行拓扑优化,验证了改进双向渐进结构优化法的有效性,提高了材料利用率,从而验证了改进双向渐进结构优化法在实际工程中的可行性。

在役边坡耐久性弱化及整体稳定性影响分析

针对在役边坡长期耐久性能弱化及对整体稳定性影响问题,首先依据混凝土结构耐久性原理,建立边坡支护结构耐久性弱化分析模型,结合室内耐久性加速试验进行验证分析,接着基于混合型非连续变形分析法(HDDA)扩展了锚杆单元连接不同位移模式块体的算法,利用该扩展型混合DDA法结合有限元法以分析耐久性弱化边坡稳定性问题,建立了总体计算基本框架。最后以浙江省某沿海公路边坡为案例进行分析,结果表明:在特定环境条件下边坡多型支护结构物在30~60 a内有锈胀开裂及断裂失效的可能性;假定锚杆不失效时边坡安全系数随年限增加存在一定降幅,而在考虑锚杆陆续失效时边坡安全系数降幅明显,需要提前采取加固措施。此外还表明混合型DDA法建模灵活、模拟结果合理,具有较好的应用价值。

基于非线性电感的混合电磁铁磁力计算方法

为提高混合电磁铁磁力计算的准确性和效率,综合考虑解析法计算速度快和有限元法计算精度高的优势,提出一种基于非线性电感的混合电磁铁磁力计算方法.首先,分析混合电磁铁电感与电流的关系,建立考虑磁饱和的非线性电感模型;然后,采用等效面电流法,将2种典型的混合电磁铁结构(结构a、结构b)等效为多电磁线圈的纯电磁铁结构,进而利用能量平衡法推导出通用于串联磁路型混合电磁铁磁力表达式,其中非线性电感的参数变量由有限元仿真法拟合得到.研究结果表明:结构a和结构b利用本文所述方法得到的电磁力计算结果与传统有限元仿真结果的平均偏差为2.54%和2.37%,结构a与实验测量的平均偏差为2.63%,且与传统有限元法相比,计算效率极大提升,即本文所述方法通过较少任务的有限元仿真得到远高于现有解析公式准确性的电磁力计算结果.

400 km/h高速铁路轮轨噪声与二次结构噪声预测及分析

为评估400 km/h高速铁路列车通过桥梁时产生的轮轨噪声与二次结构噪声,基于统计能量分析法、有限元-边界元法,建立轮轨噪声和二次结构噪声数值预测模型。在此基础上,从轮轨粗糙度、车速和扣件刚度3个方面,分析轮轨粗糙度变化、车速变化以及扣件刚度变化对高速铁路高架段轮轨噪声和二次结构噪声的影响。研究结果表明:(1)在仅改变轮轨粗糙度情况下,综合噪声的变化趋势一致,随着轮轨粗糙度的增大,综合噪声也呈现增大趋势,并且轮轨粗糙度每增加1 dB,声压级增加1 dB(A);(2)在仅改变车速情况下,综合噪声的变化趋势一致,随着车速的增大,综合噪声也呈现增大趋势,但是噪声增大的速率变缓;(3)在仅改变扣件刚度情况下,扣件刚度变化对综合噪声的影响,主要集中在50~800 Hz频段,在其他频段范围内,综合噪声几乎不受扣件刚度变化的影响。在50~200 Hz频段,随着扣件刚度的增大,综合噪声也相应增大;而在200~800 Hz频段,随着扣件刚度的增大综合噪声数值减小。

基于混合形函数和Gurtin变分原理的动力时域有限元方法

提出一种基于多项式和三角函数混合的形函数及其构造方法,结合Gurtin变分原理和加权余量法,建立了三种时域有限元方程,从而为描述变量的时变特性提供了更灵活和多样的选择。在基于增维降阶一阶动力方程的时域有限元计算中,提出了一种算法稳定的分析方法,当形函数形式、时间步长及节点数给定,可通过数值计算对算法的稳定性进行判定。通过算例对所提方法的有效性进行了数值验证,考虑了多项式、简谐荷载作用下常/变刚度、质量的动力问题,探讨了不同时间有限元建模方式、形函数、插值点个数、时间步长等因素对计算精度和计算效率的影响,并与解析解、Newmark法、中心差分法等进行了比较,得到了满意的结果。

湿热环境下玻/碳纤维混杂复合材料梁阻尼特性的细观力学分析

基于复合材料细观力学,利用能量耗散原理及宏观应变能法建立了湿热环境下玻/碳纤维混杂复合材料层合梁的阻尼预测模型。利用MATLAB软件编写了湿热环境下玻/碳纤维混杂复合材料损耗因子的计算程序,研究了纤维铺设角度、体积分数、铺层顺序以及湿热效应对玻/碳纤维混杂复合材料层合梁阻尼性能的影响规律。结果表明:湿热环境导致材料产生湿热应变是影响阻尼特性的主要机理;玻/碳纤维混杂复合材料层合梁的损耗因子均随温度及吸水浓度的增大而增大,且温度的影响远大于吸水浓度的影响;纤维体积分数越高,受湿热影响程度越大;铺层角度对损耗因子影响远高于湿热、混杂方式、纤维体积分数的影响。

部分地锚式斜拉桥钢-混结合段力学性能分析

丹江口水库特大桥为主跨760 m的双塔部分地锚式混合梁斜拉桥,主梁钢-混结合段设置在主跨侧距桥塔中心线20 m处,总长6 m,采用多格室后承压板式构造,由后承压板、钢格室和预应力钢绞线等组成。为验证大桥钢-混结合段构造设计的合理性,明确钢-混结合段的受力性能及传力特征,采用ANSYS软件建立钢-混结合段有限元模型,分析承载能力极限状态轴力最不利荷载组合下钢-混结合段钢格室、承压板、格室填充混凝土、开孔板剪力键等主要部件的受力,以及主要传力构件的传力比。结果表明:钢-混结合段总体应力分布均匀,各构件受力指标均满足设计要求,钢-混结合段刚度过渡均匀,传力平顺,有效避免了刚度突变导致的应力集中;钢-混结合段剪力传递以边箱格室剪力键为主,顺桥向随格室填充混凝土与开孔板相对滑移累积,开孔板剪力键剪力逐渐增大;承压板承压传递与钢格室承剪传递轴力比例相当。该桥采用的多格室后承压板式构造,实现了承压板与钢格室承压传剪协同作用,改善了钢-混结合段的受力性能。

预应力自复位节点有限元合理建模方法研究

预应力自复位结构具有良好的自复位性能,能显著降低震后的残余变形。节点的连接形式影响其自复位性能和抗震能力,为推动此类结构优化设计,需要大量研究分析工作和参数化分析,合理的建模方式可以更有效模拟出结构真实的受力情况。系统探讨了预应力自复位节点有限元分析中的核心问题,通过ABAQUS对内置耗能钢筋预应力自复位节点和角钢耗能预应力自复位节点试验数值模拟,得出结论:对于普通钢筋本构,使用滞回模型结果略好于双折线模型,但整体差异较小;降温法和MPC法均可以较好施加预应力,两者方法效果相同;虚筋法可以较好模拟出预应力筋的滑移,节点承载力和滞回曲线吻合度较高,同时工作量较耦合法和弹簧法更小。

非对称钢-混混合梁桥关键技术研究

为给多跨非对称钢-混混合梁桥设计与施工提供参考,以一座4跨非对称钢-混混合梁桥——龙翔大桥主航道桥为背景,采用有限元软件建立该桥杆系结构有限元模型,分析不同合龙顺序、钢箱梁长度对该桥成桥后线形和内力的影响,以及9个关键参数对预拱度及合龙口纵向变形的影响。结果表明:合龙顺序对成桥线形和内力的影响较小,该桥采用2个中跨依次合龙的施工顺序;各墩墩顶负弯矩绝对值和中跨跨中挠度随钢箱梁长度与中跨跨径之比k 1增大而呈线性减小,该桥k 1最终取0.371,中跨钢箱梁长75 m;钢箱梁自重和主梁混凝土弹性模量对预拱度影响较大,前者变化6%、后者变化10%时预拱度变化值分别约为15 mm和13 mm;环境温度对合龙口纵向变形影响较大,环境温度变化10℃时合龙口纵向变形变化12 mm。施工控制时应严格控制钢箱梁自重、主梁混凝土弹性模量,确保按设计温度合龙。