An adverse effect resulting from explosive mine blasts is the production of toxic nitrogen oxides(NO and NO_(2)) and carbon monoxide(CO).The empirical measurements of the concentration of toxic gases showed that it de...An adverse effect resulting from explosive mine blasts is the production of toxic nitrogen oxides(NO and NO_(2)) and carbon monoxide(CO).The empirical measurements of the concentration of toxic gases showed that it depends not only on the composition of an explosive and properties of its ingredients but also on several other parameters,such as volume of blasting chamber,explosive charge mass and design,confinement characteristics,surrounding atmosphere,etc.That explains why measured concentrations of toxic gases reported in literature significantly differ.In this paper,we discuss the possibility of theoretical prediction of the concentration of toxic gases by thermochemical equilibrium calculation applying two models:ideal detonation model and deflagration model.It can be demonstrated that thermochemical calculations can provide a good estimation of the measured concentrations and reproduce experimentally obtained effects of additives on the production of toxic gases.It was also found that the ideal detonation model applies to heavily confined explosive charges,while the deflagration model is more suitable for low detonation velocity explosives with light confinement.展开更多
The paper reviews the major toxic disasters in 41 countries of the world in the 20th century, and analyzes the evolvement, causes and characters of the toxic disasters as well as their impacts upon human social and ec...The paper reviews the major toxic disasters in 41 countries of the world in the 20th century, and analyzes the evolvement, causes and characters of the toxic disasters as well as their impacts upon human social and economic development. It concludes that, with the development of science and technology and the globalization of economy, the 21st century will suffer from increasingly frequent toxic disasters. It is a must that we learn lessons from the historic events and take concrete countermeasures to reduce toxic disasters and mitigate their losses.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the Croatian Science Foundation(HRZZ),Croatia,under the projects IP-2019-04-1618“NEIDEMO”.
文摘An adverse effect resulting from explosive mine blasts is the production of toxic nitrogen oxides(NO and NO_(2)) and carbon monoxide(CO).The empirical measurements of the concentration of toxic gases showed that it depends not only on the composition of an explosive and properties of its ingredients but also on several other parameters,such as volume of blasting chamber,explosive charge mass and design,confinement characteristics,surrounding atmosphere,etc.That explains why measured concentrations of toxic gases reported in literature significantly differ.In this paper,we discuss the possibility of theoretical prediction of the concentration of toxic gases by thermochemical equilibrium calculation applying two models:ideal detonation model and deflagration model.It can be demonstrated that thermochemical calculations can provide a good estimation of the measured concentrations and reproduce experimentally obtained effects of additives on the production of toxic gases.It was also found that the ideal detonation model applies to heavily confined explosive charges,while the deflagration model is more suitable for low detonation velocity explosives with light confinement.
文摘The paper reviews the major toxic disasters in 41 countries of the world in the 20th century, and analyzes the evolvement, causes and characters of the toxic disasters as well as their impacts upon human social and economic development. It concludes that, with the development of science and technology and the globalization of economy, the 21st century will suffer from increasingly frequent toxic disasters. It is a must that we learn lessons from the historic events and take concrete countermeasures to reduce toxic disasters and mitigate their losses.
