During the rapid spread of COVID-19,first responders are at risk of being exposed to COVID-19 due to their role in providing first aid and responding to an unspecified number of people.This uncertainty can have advers...During the rapid spread of COVID-19,first responders are at risk of being exposed to COVID-19 due to their role in providing first aid and responding to an unspecified number of people.This uncertainty can have adverse mental health effects,such as increased anxiety and fear.This study aimed to investigate the degree of association between fear of COVID-19,obsession with COVID-19,and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)in emergency rescue firefighters.The participants were 150 emergency rescue firefighters working in Region S,Korea.They filled out self-report questionnaires:The data obtained through the Fear of COVID-19 Scale,Obsession with COVID-19 Scale,and Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version were subjected to nonparametric statistical analysis using SPSS WIN 25.0.The study found a significant correlation between emergency rescue firefighters’fear of COVID-19,obsession with COVID-19,and PTSD.Fear and obsession with COVID-19 were higher among first responder firefighters who were directly involved in COVID-19-related tasks.Furthermore,a one-point increase in obsession was associated with a 2.837-point increase in PTSD.Based on the results,we found that there is a need for effective control of obsessions and fears among first responder firefighters during COVID-19,and we suggest that there is a need for mental health care for first responder firefighters during the pandemic through the development and support of programs to prevent and mitigate obsessions.展开更多
Underground mine fire always exists since the mining activity was practiced.It poses a severe safety hazard to the mine workers and may also cause a tremendous economic loss to the mines.Methods for controlling and ex...Underground mine fire always exists since the mining activity was practiced.It poses a severe safety hazard to the mine workers and may also cause a tremendous economic loss to the mines.Methods for controlling and extinguishing fires in underground mine have long been studied and there have been significant improvements.In order to know clearly about the firefighting technology used,this paper summarizes most of the underground mine firefighting methods used in the United States the past 150 years.This paper describes not only the accepted firefighting theories,but also the technologies,both direct and indirect attacking,in accordance to regulations or codes,with special attention is given to the indirect attack method and its related technologies.Further research needed is also briefly discussed at the end of this paper.展开更多
【Title】 This study explores the optimal spatial allocation of initial attack resources for firefighting in the Republic of Korea. To improve the effectiveness of Korean initial attack resources with a range of polic...【Title】 This study explores the optimal spatial allocation of initial attack resources for firefighting in the Republic of Korea. To improve the effectiveness of Korean initial attack resources with a range of policy goals, we create a scenario optimization model that minimizes the expected number of fires not receiving a predefined response. In this study, the predefined response indicates the number of firefighting resources that must arrive at a fire before the fire escapes and becomes a large fire. We use spatially explicit GIS-based information on the ecology, fire behavior, and economic characterizations important in Korea. The data include historical fire events in the Republic of Korea from 1991 to 2007, suppression costs, and spatial information on forest fire extent. Interviews with forest managers inform the range of we address in the decision model. Based on the geographic data, we conduct a sensitivity analysis by varying the parameters systematically. Information on the relative importance of the components of the settings helps us to identify “rules of thumb” for initial attack resource allocations in particular ecological and policy settings.展开更多
Water mist technology provides efficient firefighting performance while there is still room for improvement. So varieties of additives have been studied in recent years both at home and abroad. The self-made additives...Water mist technology provides efficient firefighting performance while there is still room for improvement. So varieties of additives have been studied in recent years both at home and abroad. The self-made additives are used to compare the firefighting performance of diesel and heptane fire in open space. By adjusting the concentration of substance in the additives and conducting the experiment under the pressure of 0.3 MPa,0.5 MPa and 0.7 MPa,extinguish time and temperature are measured in the experiment. Through the experiments using different fuels,it can be found when the fuel is heptane that has a lower ignition point and a higher evaporation rate, the water mist additive can still significantly improve the firefighting performance. According to the data based on different concentrations of fluorinated surfactants,we find that fluorinated surfactants are the main substance to improve the performances by changing physical property of water mist. Optimal proportion of the additives for firefighting performance is found by experiment results.展开更多
Aim: This study aimed to assess the quality of the psychological experience of mobile emergency teams, in particular firefighters (FF) in Togo and to identify the psychotraumatic interventions (PI) they face. Method: ...Aim: This study aimed to assess the quality of the psychological experience of mobile emergency teams, in particular firefighters (FF) in Togo and to identify the psychotraumatic interventions (PI) they face. Method: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, statistical analysis and discourse content analysis study on the PIs of the Lomé FFs. Results: PIs were found to be: road accidents;defenestrations;self-immolation murders;bloody and non-bloody suicides;well interventions with or without drowning;extensive burns;and paediatric procedures. Adults aged 25 to 45 were at a percentage of 69.1% and with a sex ratio of 7.1. More than half of the respondents (53%) had PTSD. Conclusion: More than half of the respondents had PTSD, however, coping strategies were not explored, suggesting the need for further research.展开更多
The spread of fire and smoke during a fire incident plays a crucial role in rescuing people from the burning building. So it is important for the decision makers (the head of rescue staff) to get a prediction about th...The spread of fire and smoke during a fire incident plays a crucial role in rescuing people from the burning building. So it is important for the decision makers (the head of rescue staff) to get a prediction about the spread of fire inside the building through computational techniques like numerical fire simulations. But these techniques require advanced mathematical knowledge and are very time consuming. This paper presents a new method which employs a set of pre-simulated and model-based scenarios to find the closest one to the real fire and present its results to the decision makers. For this purpose, we shift the performance consuming numerical fire simulations into a former phase by integration of these simulations into the planning process of the building. This is realized by enhancing the methods of Building Information Modeling (BIM). To provide the fire simulation results during a real case, our new concept includes a scenario database where all simulated fire scenarios will be collected. In a real case, a special search algorithm will go through this database to find the closest pre-simulated fire scenario to the real fire on the basis of reported information from the burning building.展开更多
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP)(No.NRF-2020R1A2B5B0100208).
文摘During the rapid spread of COVID-19,first responders are at risk of being exposed to COVID-19 due to their role in providing first aid and responding to an unspecified number of people.This uncertainty can have adverse mental health effects,such as increased anxiety and fear.This study aimed to investigate the degree of association between fear of COVID-19,obsession with COVID-19,and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)in emergency rescue firefighters.The participants were 150 emergency rescue firefighters working in Region S,Korea.They filled out self-report questionnaires:The data obtained through the Fear of COVID-19 Scale,Obsession with COVID-19 Scale,and Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version were subjected to nonparametric statistical analysis using SPSS WIN 25.0.The study found a significant correlation between emergency rescue firefighters’fear of COVID-19,obsession with COVID-19,and PTSD.Fear and obsession with COVID-19 were higher among first responder firefighters who were directly involved in COVID-19-related tasks.Furthermore,a one-point increase in obsession was associated with a 2.837-point increase in PTSD.Based on the results,we found that there is a need for effective control of obsessions and fears among first responder firefighters during COVID-19,and we suggest that there is a need for mental health care for first responder firefighters during the pandemic through the development and support of programs to prevent and mitigate obsessions.
文摘Underground mine fire always exists since the mining activity was practiced.It poses a severe safety hazard to the mine workers and may also cause a tremendous economic loss to the mines.Methods for controlling and extinguishing fires in underground mine have long been studied and there have been significant improvements.In order to know clearly about the firefighting technology used,this paper summarizes most of the underground mine firefighting methods used in the United States the past 150 years.This paper describes not only the accepted firefighting theories,but also the technologies,both direct and indirect attacking,in accordance to regulations or codes,with special attention is given to the indirect attack method and its related technologies.Further research needed is also briefly discussed at the end of this paper.
文摘【Title】 This study explores the optimal spatial allocation of initial attack resources for firefighting in the Republic of Korea. To improve the effectiveness of Korean initial attack resources with a range of policy goals, we create a scenario optimization model that minimizes the expected number of fires not receiving a predefined response. In this study, the predefined response indicates the number of firefighting resources that must arrive at a fire before the fire escapes and becomes a large fire. We use spatially explicit GIS-based information on the ecology, fire behavior, and economic characterizations important in Korea. The data include historical fire events in the Republic of Korea from 1991 to 2007, suppression costs, and spatial information on forest fire extent. Interviews with forest managers inform the range of we address in the decision model. Based on the geographic data, we conduct a sensitivity analysis by varying the parameters systematically. Information on the relative importance of the components of the settings helps us to identify “rules of thumb” for initial attack resource allocations in particular ecological and policy settings.
基金Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China(No.HZ2011-KF04)
文摘Water mist technology provides efficient firefighting performance while there is still room for improvement. So varieties of additives have been studied in recent years both at home and abroad. The self-made additives are used to compare the firefighting performance of diesel and heptane fire in open space. By adjusting the concentration of substance in the additives and conducting the experiment under the pressure of 0.3 MPa,0.5 MPa and 0.7 MPa,extinguish time and temperature are measured in the experiment. Through the experiments using different fuels,it can be found when the fuel is heptane that has a lower ignition point and a higher evaporation rate, the water mist additive can still significantly improve the firefighting performance. According to the data based on different concentrations of fluorinated surfactants,we find that fluorinated surfactants are the main substance to improve the performances by changing physical property of water mist. Optimal proportion of the additives for firefighting performance is found by experiment results.
文摘Aim: This study aimed to assess the quality of the psychological experience of mobile emergency teams, in particular firefighters (FF) in Togo and to identify the psychotraumatic interventions (PI) they face. Method: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, statistical analysis and discourse content analysis study on the PIs of the Lomé FFs. Results: PIs were found to be: road accidents;defenestrations;self-immolation murders;bloody and non-bloody suicides;well interventions with or without drowning;extensive burns;and paediatric procedures. Adults aged 25 to 45 were at a percentage of 69.1% and with a sex ratio of 7.1. More than half of the respondents (53%) had PTSD. Conclusion: More than half of the respondents had PTSD, however, coping strategies were not explored, suggesting the need for further research.
文摘The spread of fire and smoke during a fire incident plays a crucial role in rescuing people from the burning building. So it is important for the decision makers (the head of rescue staff) to get a prediction about the spread of fire inside the building through computational techniques like numerical fire simulations. But these techniques require advanced mathematical knowledge and are very time consuming. This paper presents a new method which employs a set of pre-simulated and model-based scenarios to find the closest one to the real fire and present its results to the decision makers. For this purpose, we shift the performance consuming numerical fire simulations into a former phase by integration of these simulations into the planning process of the building. This is realized by enhancing the methods of Building Information Modeling (BIM). To provide the fire simulation results during a real case, our new concept includes a scenario database where all simulated fire scenarios will be collected. In a real case, a special search algorithm will go through this database to find the closest pre-simulated fire scenario to the real fire on the basis of reported information from the burning building.
