Comparing overall survival between first generation EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy in lung cancer patients with Del19/L858R

Objective： Combined overall survival （OS） analysis of Lux-Lung 3 and Lux-Lung 6 demonstrated that patients with epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） exon 19 deletions （Del19） would benefit from first-line second generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） afatinib but not for those with L858R. This study was to investigate the survival difference between first-line first generation EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy in patients with either Del19 or L858R, and to directly compare OS in these two mutation groups. Methods： Eligibles were all prospective and retrospective studies comparing EGFR-TKIs with conventional chemotherapy or receiving single agent EGFR-TKIs and demonstrating survival analysis based on mutation types. The primary outcome was OS measured as pooled hazard ratios （HRs）. All measures were pooled using random- effects models and 95% confidential interval （95% CI） was calculated. Results： A total of 14 studies incorporating 1,706 patients with either Del19 or L858R were included. Enrolling patients with Del19 or L858R in randomized controlled trials （RCTs）, first-line first generation EGFR-TKIs were associated with no OS benefit, compared with chemotherapy （pooled HR_TKI/Chemo for Del19： 0.82, 95% CI： 0.64- 1.06, P=0.14; pooled HR_TKI/Chemo for L858R： 1.15, 95% CI： 0.85-1.56, P=0.38）. Direct comparison of Del19 with L858R receiving with first-line first generation EGFR-TKIs demonstrated no significant survival difference （pooled HR19/21： 0.88, 95% CI： 0.67-1.16, P=0.37）. Conclusions： Among patients with advanced non-small cell hmg cancer （NSCLC） harboring Del19 and L858R, first-line first generation EGFR-TKIs demonstrated no survival benefit comparing with chemotherapy. Direct comparison between Del19 and L858R revealed no significant survival difference after first-line first generation EGFR-TKIs.

Constraints on the First Generation Scalar Leptoquarks

Inspired by the CMS excess in eejj and evjj channels and possible interpretation using the first generation scalar leptoquarks （SLQs）, we consider their contributions to non-standard neutrino interaction and the pion meson Ieptonic decay π→lv. Compared with the relevant experimental data, the constraints on the first generation SLQs are obtained. Their corrections to the anomalous magnetic moment aμ are further calculated and the numerical results show that it is possible to explain the deviation from its standard model prediction.

The First Generation of New China Leaders' Thought of Developing Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine

The history of integrated Chinese medicine （CM） and Western medicine （WM） witnesses the development of public health under the significant support and guidance of the first generation leaders of new China who aimed at maximizing people＇s health interests. According to the available documents, it can be found out that, among the first generation of new China leaders, MAO Ze-dong, ZHOU En-lai, LIU Shao-qi, ZHU De and DENG Xiao-ping made more statements on the integration of CM and WM due to different division of labor and other historical reasons. This paper will focus on the issue to study the emergence, formation and development of their thoughts on the integration of CM and WM and analyze its process and significance, so as to enlighten the current integration of CM and WM, and even the world＇s integrative medicine.

Possible source and migration pathway for early-summer immigrants of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, arriving in northern Japan

The first generation of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata(Walker), arrives every year in northern Japan in mainly late May to early June. Analyses of weather maps suggested that this moth’s immigration source could be eastern China, but the accuracy of those analyses was very limited due to the lack of a current standard trajectory analysis. The management of migratory insect pests such as M. separata benefits from the identification of the migration source(s)and pathway(s) of the pests. The present study provides a trajectory analysis for M. separata. Backward trajectories from trap sites in northern Japan were calculated with the HYSPLIT System developed by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, taking the flight speed of M. separata and the limitation of low ambient temperature at flight height into account. The ending times of the moth’s short and long trajectories were set at dusk on the day before and two days before the possible arrival date, respectively. The results suggested two types of possible migration pathway: a multi-step pathway from Northeast China, the Korean Peninsula, and eastern Russia, which are destination areas of the first-generation’s migration, and a direct pathway from seasonal main emigration areas in eastern China such as Jiangsu and Shandong provinces. These findings contribute to our understanding of the migration ecology of M. separata and can be used for the development of methods to predict the migration of this insect.

Does Our Universe Conform with the Existence of a Universal Maximum Energy-Density <i>p_max<sup style="margin-left:-30px;">uni</sup></i>

Recent astronomical observations of high redshift quasars, dark matter-dominated galaxies, mergers of neutron stars, glitch phenomena in pulsars, cosmic microwave background and experimental data from hadronic colliders do not rule out, but they even support the hypothesis that the energy-density in our universe most likely is upper-limited by pmaxuni which is predicted to lie between 2 to 3 the nuclear density p0. Quantum fluids in the cores of massive NSs with p ≈ pmaxuni each the maximum compressibility state, where they become insensitive to further compression by the embedding spacetime and undergo a phase transition into the purely incompressible gluon-quark superfluid state. A direct correspondence between the positive energy stored in the embedding spacetime and the degree of compressibility and superfluidity of the trapped matter is proposed. In this paper relevant observational signatures that support the maximum density hypothesis are reviewed, a possible origin of pmaxuni is proposed and finally the consequences of this scenario on the spacetime’s topology of the universe as well as on the mechanisms underlying the growth rate and power of the high redshift QSOs are discussed.

FAST ALGORITHM FOR CALDERóN-ZYGMUND OPERATORS:CONVERGENCE SPEED AND ROUGH KERNEL

In this article, we consider a fast algorithm for first generation Calderon-Zygmund operators. First, we estimate the convergence speed of the relative approximation algorithm. Then, we establish the continuity on Besov spaces and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces for the oper- ators with rough kernel.

Standard Model Particles with Mass Treated as Spheres with Finite Radii

The particle physics Standard Model involves three charge 0 neutrinos, three charge e leptons, three charge (2/3)e quarks, and three charge −(1/3)e quarks, where e is electron charge. However, the Standard Model cannot explain why there are three generations of particles in each charge state and makes no predictions relating to quark and lepton masses. This analysis, treating Standard Model particles as spheres with radii 1/4 the particle Compton wavelength, explains three, and only three fermions are in each charge state and relates first generation quark masses to the electron mass.

Pre-Processing,Quality Assurance,and Use of Global Atmospheric Motion Vector Observations in CRA

Assimilation of atmospheric motion vectors(AMVs)is important in the initialization of the atmospheric state in numerical weather prediction models,especially over oceans and at high latitudes where conventional data are sparse.This paper presents a detailed description of the pre-processing,quality assurance,and use of global AMVs in China’s first generation of the 40-yr(1979-2018)CRA global atmospheric reanalysis product.A new AMV archive is integrated from near real-time operational Global Telecommunication System data and reprocessed AMV datasets released or produced mainly during 2014-2016 according to a priority principle.To avoid the misuse of data with systematic quality problems,the observations of all 18 types of AMVs from 54 satellites are pre-evaluated over the whole time series.The pre-evaluation system developed by the CRA team is based on the NCEP Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation(GSI)three-dimensional variational assimilation system and the ERA-Interim reanalysis product.The AMVs in the new AMV archive are denser than the AMVs prepared for the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis product,the bias and root-mean-square values are smaller,and the time series are steadier.The new AMV archive is assimilated in the CRA product based on the NCEP GSI assimilation procedure and quality control configuration with reference to the pre-evaluation results.This is the first time that the reprocessed AMVs from Fengyun-2 satellites from June 2005 to July 2017 are assimilated in a reanalysis product.The assimilation features inspire confidence in the accuracy and stability of these data.The mean root-mean-square values of the observation minus analysis infrared,water vapor,and visible AMV were 1.5-3.4,2.7-3.6,and 1.3-2.1 m s-1,respectively.This experience of integrating,pre-evaluating,and assimilating AMV observations is valuable for the next generation of reanalysis products.