First-order reversal curves of magnetic recording tapes

The interaction and its variation between magnetic grains in two kinds of magnetic recording tapes are investigated by first-order reversal curves （FORC） and the 5M method. The composition and microstructure of the samples are characterised by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The FORC diagram can provide more accurate information of the interaction and its variation, but the 5M curves cannot. The positive interaction field and the large variation of the interaction field have opposite effects on the δM curve.

Investigation of magnetization reversal and domain structures in perpendicular synthetic antiferromagnets by first-order reversal curves and magneto-optical Kerr effect

Perpendicular synthetic-antiferromagnet(p-SAF) has broad applications in spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory and magnetic sensors. In this study, the p-SAF films consisting of (Co/Ni)3]/Ir(tIr)/[(Ni/Co)3are fabricated by magnetron sputtering technology. We study the domain structure and switching field distribution in p-SAF by changing the thickness of the infrared space layer. The strongest exchange coupling field(Hex) is observed when the thickness of Ir layer(tIr) is 0.7 nm and becoming weak according to the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida-type coupling at 1.05 nm,2.1 nm, 4.55 nm, and 4.9 nm in sequence. Furthermore, the domain switching process between the upper Co/Ni stack and the bottom Co/Ni stack is different because of the antiferromagnet coupling. Compared with ferromagnet coupling films, the antiferromagnet samples possess three irreversible reversal regions in the first-order reversal curve distribution.With tIrincreasing, these irreversible reversal regions become denser and smaller. The results from this study will help us understand the details of the magnetization reversal process in the p-SAF.

THE EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATING NATURAL CONVECTION WITH PRESSURE GRADIENT

The oscillating natural convection in the presence of transverse magnetic field with time depending pressure gradient is studied. The analysis of the problem is carried out by assuming that the fluid is flowing in a parallel plate configuration. The emphasis is on low frequency oscillating convective flows induced by g-jitter associated with micro gravity because of their importance to the space processing materials. A general solution for an oscillating flow in the presence of transverse magnetic field is carried out. Some special cases of the oscillating flow and its response to an applied magnetic field are performed. It was observed that the behavior of oscillating free convective flows depends on frequency, amplitude of the driving buoyancy forces, temperature gradient,magnetic field and the electric conditions of the channel walls. In the absence of magnetic field, buoyancy force plays a predominant role in driving the oscillatory flow pattern, and velocity magnitude is also affected by temperature gradients. To suppress the oscillating flow external magnetic field can be used. It is also found that the reduction of the velocity is inversely proportional to the square of the applied magnetic field with conducting wall but directly proportional to the inverse of the magnetic field with insulating wall. Detailed calculations and computational results are also carried out to depict the real situation.

Magnetic hysteresis and refrigeration capacity of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys near Martensitic transformation

This paper studies the magnetic hysteresis and refrigeration capacity of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys in detail during heating and cooling isothermal magnetisation processes. The Ni-Mn-Ga alloys show larger magnetic hysteresis when they trans-form from austenite to martensite, but smaller magnetic hysteresis when they transform from martensite to austenite. This behaviour is independent of either the pure Ni-Mn-Ga alloys or the alloys doped with other elements. Because of the existence of the magnetic hysteresis, the relation between the magnetic entropy change and refrigeration capacity is not simply linear. For practical consideration, magnetocaloric effect of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys should be investigated both on cooling and heating processes.

Magnetic Field Induced Entropy Change for La-Fe Based NaZn_(13)-Typed Compounds

Magnetic field induced entropy change was investigated for La-Fe based NaZn13-type compounds with magnetic first-order phase transition. In view of magnetic refrigeration at room temperature, the developing of the materials and the understanding of the entropy change were., reviewed. For La-Fe-Si compounds, the entropy change about 29 J·kg^- 1·K^-1 was obtained at 190 K under the magnetic field of 5 T.While a large entropy change of about 15 J·kg^-1·K^-1 near room temperature under 5 T can be obtained by the substitution of Co for Fe in the compounds. It is found that the entropy change is mainly composed of that contributed from magnetic ordering and crystal lattice. The large entropy change consumed by lattice contribution is mainly due to the magnetic ordering one.

Electromagnetic Braking of Natural Convection during Ohno Continuous Casting of an Industrial Aluminum Alloy

With the purpose of obtaining compositionally uniform ingots during Ohno continuous casting of a dilute industrial aluminum alloy through eliminating segregation due to convection, a magnetic field strength required to damp natural convection and suppress macrosegregation was numerically determined. This was achieved by solving conservation equations of continuity, momentum, energy and Maxwell’s equations in order to predict the magnetic field effects on flow field (determining macrosegregation). The electromagnetic field was applied orthogonally to the natural convection flow. Through this approach, the optimum magnetic field strength required to damp natural convection and establish diffusion controlled solute transport of the alloy during solidification was established.

Impact of nanoparticle shape on thermo-solutal buoyancy induced lid-driven-cavity with inclined magnetic-field

The aim of this paper is to numerically investigate the influence of nanoparticles shape on heat and mass transport phenomena in a moving lid cavity under the combined effect of thermo-solutal buoyancy force and magnetic force.The governing equations are transformed into velocity-vorticity form of equations and solved using Galerkin's weighted residual finite-element-technique.The analysis has been carried out with parameters like buoyancy ratio(−5≤N≤5),magnetic field inclination angle(0°≤ϕ≤90°)with four shapes of Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticle like bricks,blades,platelets and cylinders.The results revealed that the shape factor on Nusselt number is significant depending upon the inclined magnetic field and buoyancy ratio whereas on mass transfer the shape effect is negligible.The diffusion mode of transport process is stronger than the convection mode at higher inclination angle of magnetic field.Based on a given value of N andϕ,blade and cylinder shows the best performance in Nusselt and Sherwood number respectively except the platelet shape that shows maximum frictional loss in terms of wall shear stress.

Precessing Ball Solitons as Self-Organizing Systems during a Phase Transition in a Ferromagnet

Precessing ball solitons (PBS) in a ferromagnet during the first order phase transition is induced by a magnetic field directed along the axis of anisotropy, while the action of the periodic field perpendicular to the main magnetic field has been analyzed. Under these conditions, the characteristics of arising equilibrium PBS are uniquely determined by the frequency of the periodic field, but the solitons with other frequencies are impossible. For such structure, the entropy increase connected with dissipation is compensated by the decrease of the entropy due to the external periodic field. It is shown that the equilibrium PBS are essentially the “self-organizing systems” that can arise spotaneously in a metastable state of ferromagnet.

Movement of Self-Organizing Solitons in Ferromagnet

Precessing ball solitons (PBS) in a ferromagnet during the first order phase transition induced by a magnetic field directed along the axis of anisotropy, while the additional action of high-frequency field perpendicular to the main magnetic field, are analyzed. It is shown that the spatial motion of solitons, associated with thermal fluctuations in the crystal, does not destroy the equilibrium of self-organized PBS.

磁性液体非浸没式二阶浮力特性研究

磁性液体为一种兼具磁性与流动性的智能材料,基于自身特有的二阶浮力特性能有效悬浮永磁质量块,改善永磁质量块与接触面间的摩擦形式,这一功能有效促进其在电磁传感、电磁能量采集及阻尼减振等方面的广泛应用。主要针对永磁铁在非浸没于磁性液体中所受的二阶浮力进行理论分析,利用有限元仿真分析其磁场及磁压差,通过实验定量探究了永磁铁悬浮高度分别与磁性液体注入量和悬浮力的关系并进行了磁性液体的应用对比试验。实验结果表明,磁性液体注入量与悬浮高度在磁性液体注入量0.3~3.4 g存在较好的线性关系,并且实验与理论结果具有良好的一致性。

Magnetization reversal behavior and first-order reversal curve diagrams in high-coercivity Zr-doped α-Fe/Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B nanocomposite alloys

In the present work,the magnetization reversal behavior for the melt spinning(Nd_(0.8)Ce_(0.2))_(2)Fe_(12)Co_(2-x)Zr_(x)B(x=0,0.5)permanent alloys with high coercivity was investigated by analyzing the hysteresis curves and the recoil loops.Compared to the Zr-free alloy,the Zr-doped sample obtains higher magnetic properties:coercivity of H_(cj)=650.5 kA·m^(-1),squareness of H_(k)/H_(cj)=0.76 and maximum energy product of(BH)_(max)=131.0 kJ·m^(-3).The first-order reversal curves(FORCs)analysis was taken to identify optimal conditions of exchange coupling for the Zr-free and Zr-doped alloys.The coercivity mechanism of theα-Fe/Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B nanocomposite alloys was analyzed by the angular dependence of the coercive field as measured for the Zr-doped sample.The results show that the magnetic reverse process of the Zr-doped sample can be explained by the pinning model.

磁性液体二阶浮力原理的实验研究

磁性液体的浮力原理是磁性液体静力学中最具吸引力的效应之一。浸没于磁性液体中的永磁体受到的浮力大于阿基米德浮力,这个差值称之为磁性液体的二阶浮力。磁性液体的二阶浮力的计算由于涉及磁场计算的复杂性而变得困难。数值计算也有太多的假设条件。用实验的方法首先形象地展示了永磁体在磁性液体中的悬浮,而后测定了在不同直径的圆柱容器中、不同尺寸的永磁体浸没于不同饱和磁化强度的磁性液体中所受到的轴向二阶浮力随永磁体与容器壁相对位置的定量变化关系曲线,分析了不同的因素对这种变化关系的影响规律。

磁流体浸没物磁场力分析及磁浮特性

物体浸没于磁流体中表现出磁浮特性，对其受力状态分析是准确描述其悬浮状态的前提和基础。基于非线性磁流体应力张量模型和稳态Bernoulli方程，建立磁流体中浸没物受力模型。借助非磁性体受力模型的简化计算方法以及磁性体与磁流体之间的多场效应关系，分别对非磁性体、磁性体两类浸没物在磁流体中所受磁浮力进行分析，结果表明非磁性浸没物在磁流体中仅受到外加磁场贡献的一次磁浮力，而磁性浸没物除受到一次磁浮力外，还受到其自身激发磁场贡献的二次磁浮力．永磁体在磁流体中位置决定的磁浮力满足一定条件时，永磁体能够自悬浮于磁流体中。

磁性液体正弦微压力信号源的磁场和力的分析

针对现有正弦压力信号源需要外加机械激励振动源,输出压力信号频率高,机械控制难度大等问题,设计出一种基于磁性液体的低频正弦微压力信号源。通过对螺线管线圈施加正弦激励电流对磁性液体施加磁场力,使之产生交变的磁浮力对外输出正弦微压力信号。研究对螺线管线圈参数进行优化得到较均匀的梯度磁场,计算了一定范围内输出正弦微压力信号与输入电流幅值及频率间的关系并对其影响因素进行简要分析。用有限元仿真方法得到模型内磁性液体中磁场分布及其所受磁场力分布并搭建实验平台进行测试。实验表明,该压力信号源在电源激励频率为0～2 Hz范围内输出的压力信号波形相对最稳定,调节输入电流的幅值与频率控制信号源输出低频正弦微压力信号。

磁流体静力选矿中非磁性矿粒的磁浮力分析

从流体力学方程和Maxwell电磁场方程出发,对磁流体静力选矿系统中非磁性矿粒所受磁浮力进行了重点分析和计算,并在此基础上,对磁场强度梯度方向垂直向下时非磁性矿粒在磁流体中所受合力进行了推导。

磁场对KNbO_3熔体中温度分布影响的实验研究

研究了磁场对ＫＮｂＯ３熔体中的温度分布的影响．利用加磁场的休仑微分干涉显微实时观察装置及一种近似的间接测温方法，对在不同磁场强度０、７０、１１７、１３５ｍＴ下，ＫＮｂＯ３熔体中的径向温度分布进行测量．发现随着磁场强度的增大，熔体中的径向温度梯度减小，尤其在坩埚－熔体界面附近，浮力驱动对流占主要作用的区域，温度梯度的减小更加明显．这可能是由于磁场对熔体中浮力驱动对流抑制的结果．

磁流体惯性传感中二阶浮力试验因素分析

阐述基于磁流体新材料惯性传感器的基本工作原理,二阶浮力是传感器正常工作的前提,提出活动磁块受力模型。基于此模型,分析影响二阶浮力的主要因素:活动磁块材料、活动磁块尺寸、磁流体及温度,为二阶浮力试验提供理论支持。

基于正交设计的二次磁浮力关键影响因素试验

永磁体浸没于磁流体中可自悬浮，而其所受二次磁浮力解析建模非常复杂。基于磁流体中永磁体受力模型的初步分析结论，确定永磁体材料、磁流体为试验关键因素，重点针对永磁体自身特性参数及磁流体特性参数构造不等水平正交设计表。提出一种永磁体悬浮高度超声波测量方法，并应用于实际测量，该方法能够消除容器壁厚、反射面与实际表面差异对测量结果的影响。对正交试验结果进行显著性分析及检验，得到影响二次磁浮力关键因素的显著性关系以及最佳因素水平组合。

勾形磁场对分离结晶法生长CdZnTe晶体过程中液层热毛细-浮力对流的影响

借助数值模拟手段研究了常重力条件下分离结晶法生长Cd Zn Te晶体过程中液层热毛细-浮力对流,探讨了不同勾形磁场强度和狭缝宽度对流动的影响。计算选取液层的高径比A为1,狭缝宽度S分别为0.05、0.075以及0.1,磁场Hartmann数分别为45、90及135。结果表明:勾形磁场能够对液层内热毛细-浮力对流起到抑制的作用,且随着磁场强度的增加,流动失稳的临界Marangoni数增大;随着狭缝宽度S的增大,液层内部流动减弱。

磁性液体一阶磁浮力原理实验研究

基于伯努利方程推导了磁性液体的一阶磁浮力,实验研究了不同轴线上一阶磁浮力的变化规律,便于学生理解一阶磁浮力变化的本质原因.磁性液体一阶磁浮力受磁场强度、磁场梯度,以及磁性液体的饱和磁化强度和磁化率影响.沿z轴方向随磁场强度和磁场梯度减弱,一阶磁浮力逐渐变小并趋于零,磁性液体悬浮能力变弱.MFP-1磁性液体的饱和磁化强度和磁化率大于MFP-2磁性液体,其一阶磁浮力较大;电流为3.00 A时,MFP-1磁性液体将玻璃、铝、黄铜、紫铜和铅球悬浮,并出现Rosensweig尖峰,而MFP-2磁性液体仅将玻璃、铝和黄铜球悬浮.沿r轴方向不同高度处磁场强度和磁场梯度变化规律不同,随高度增加,磁场梯度逐渐趋于零,此时一阶磁浮力主要受磁场强度影响,测试杯壁处一阶磁浮力最小,出现了非磁性测试球上升过程中向测试杯壁移动现象.