Nigeria ranks among the countries with the highest fiscal indiscipline in the globe regardless of the parameters used. The country has also a weak tax collection system which results in tax evasion, and there is insig...Nigeria ranks among the countries with the highest fiscal indiscipline in the globe regardless of the parameters used. The country has also a weak tax collection system which results in tax evasion, and there is insignificant revenue, thus making the state and the municipalities dependent on federal allocations. The current study objectifies to propose the enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility Act （FRA） for the Nigerian Public Administration based on the frameworks implemented in Brazil. As a glance, the basic arithmetic that guides the Act is spending must equal revenue. The study is anchored on the premise that the FRA brings innumerable benefits to the populace by stabilizing public spending and paving way for a consistent budgetary forecast and its compliance thereby contributing to uphold transparency. Methodologically wise, the study adopts a case study approach and also used the interpretative style in order to strive on the action needed, which tends to be interventionist. Upon analysis of the secondary documents at our disposal, we conclude that control tools such as the SIAFEM system which is the backbone of FRA will be an essential artifact to institutionalize surveillance and also assist the Nigerian government in curtailing spending and also orientate accountability at all levels be it federal, state or municipal.展开更多
Agents response equilibrium (ARE) model has been taken advantage of to build a multi-agent system for analyzing fiscal policy effect. Through establishing various types of economic entities and endowing them with abil...Agents response equilibrium (ARE) model has been taken advantage of to build a multi-agent system for analyzing fiscal policy effect. Through establishing various types of economic entities and endowing them with abilities to react and make decision, the whole system will evolve to new conditions in response to policy change. Compared with different scenarios, it can be concluded that when raising taxation ratio, sectoral scale will shrink to some extent. But supported by government expenditure, certain sectors could be kept in comparatively larger production scale.展开更多
Any observer of current economic development in the world and in the Europe should ask about the causes of the current crisis situation. The authors of this article perceive current situation in the European Union and...Any observer of current economic development in the world and in the Europe should ask about the causes of the current crisis situation. The authors of this article perceive current situation in the European Union and many of its member states associated with long-term developmental tendencies still less respecting the objective differences in various economic situation of the member states. Establishment and further functioning of monetary union in Europe is gradually becoming a burden for many countries, which prevents full utilization of instruments of monetary and fiscal policy by daily, and in many cases qualitative differences in the problems of economies of individual member states. The fulfillment of these tendencies in particular in the Euro Area monetary policy is confronted with the dominant position of member states in fiscal policy and in the mutual differences among member states. As considerations of differences in economic level and in member states fiscal policies, both of them are based on official figures, some of them are part of the state. In addition, EU institutions face to face to crisis they are increasingly resorting to deepening statist centralization and enter more often to the processes which are usually domains of business subjects, at most of nation states. All these trends lead to a deepening asymmetry between the decision-making processes and responsibilities for economic development and they could lead to even larger failure of national economies or at European or global level. Since the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union in 2004 our department has dealing with issues connecting to the economic management of insurance companies and in relation to the ongoing integration process research interest is extended also to other segments of financial markets.展开更多
In January 2022,China introduced a national pooling system for pension insurance fund,With the objective of inter-regional fund surplus and deficit adjustment.With the ongoing trend of population aging,can the nationa...In January 2022,China introduced a national pooling system for pension insurance fund,With the objective of inter-regional fund surplus and deficit adjustment.With the ongoing trend of population aging,can the national pooling and adjustment system operate sustainably?What level of fiscal obligations does it entail?This is related to the long-term stability of pension insurance fund and the whole social security system.This paper employs econometric and actuarial models to assess the sustainability of the national pooling and adjustment system under five scenarios:(1)not introducing any policy interventions;(2)implementing parameter reforms such as expanding pension insurance coverage,progressively extending retirement age,and enhancing collection rates;(3)transferring state-owned capital from central state-owned enterprises to strengthen the social security fund;(4)transitioning the national pooling and adjustment system from turning over current surplus to accumulated surplus;and(5)implementing all parameter reforms,transferring state-owned capital,and turning over accumulated surpluses.The results suggest that a coordinated implementation of reform measures like pension insurance parameter adjustments,reallocation of state-owned capital to enhance social security funds,and leveraging the national pooling and adjustment system for turning over accumulated surplus can ensure the sustainability of the system and significantly alleviatefiscalpressures.展开更多
文摘Nigeria ranks among the countries with the highest fiscal indiscipline in the globe regardless of the parameters used. The country has also a weak tax collection system which results in tax evasion, and there is insignificant revenue, thus making the state and the municipalities dependent on federal allocations. The current study objectifies to propose the enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility Act （FRA） for the Nigerian Public Administration based on the frameworks implemented in Brazil. As a glance, the basic arithmetic that guides the Act is spending must equal revenue. The study is anchored on the premise that the FRA brings innumerable benefits to the populace by stabilizing public spending and paving way for a consistent budgetary forecast and its compliance thereby contributing to uphold transparency. Methodologically wise, the study adopts a case study approach and also used the interpretative style in order to strive on the action needed, which tends to be interventionist. Upon analysis of the secondary documents at our disposal, we conclude that control tools such as the SIAFEM system which is the backbone of FRA will be an essential artifact to institutionalize surveillance and also assist the Nigerian government in curtailing spending and also orientate accountability at all levels be it federal, state or municipal.
文摘Agents response equilibrium (ARE) model has been taken advantage of to build a multi-agent system for analyzing fiscal policy effect. Through establishing various types of economic entities and endowing them with abilities to react and make decision, the whole system will evolve to new conditions in response to policy change. Compared with different scenarios, it can be concluded that when raising taxation ratio, sectoral scale will shrink to some extent. But supported by government expenditure, certain sectors could be kept in comparatively larger production scale.
文摘Any observer of current economic development in the world and in the Europe should ask about the causes of the current crisis situation. The authors of this article perceive current situation in the European Union and many of its member states associated with long-term developmental tendencies still less respecting the objective differences in various economic situation of the member states. Establishment and further functioning of monetary union in Europe is gradually becoming a burden for many countries, which prevents full utilization of instruments of monetary and fiscal policy by daily, and in many cases qualitative differences in the problems of economies of individual member states. The fulfillment of these tendencies in particular in the Euro Area monetary policy is confronted with the dominant position of member states in fiscal policy and in the mutual differences among member states. As considerations of differences in economic level and in member states fiscal policies, both of them are based on official figures, some of them are part of the state. In addition, EU institutions face to face to crisis they are increasingly resorting to deepening statist centralization and enter more often to the processes which are usually domains of business subjects, at most of nation states. All these trends lead to a deepening asymmetry between the decision-making processes and responsibilities for economic development and they could lead to even larger failure of national economies or at European or global level. Since the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union in 2004 our department has dealing with issues connecting to the economic management of insurance companies and in relation to the ongoing integration process research interest is extended also to other segments of financial markets.
基金supported by the key project of National Natural Science Foundation of China titled"The Influence of National Pooling of Basic Pension Insurance for Urban Employees on Local Governments'Premium Collection Behavior:Mechanism Exploration,Empirical Test and Policy Optimization" (No.72304283)Central universities basic scientific research business funding project titled"The Impact of National Pooling on the Sustainability of Pension Insurance Fund and Policy Optimization:From the Perspective of Local Government Premium Collection Behavior" (No.2722023BY016).
文摘In January 2022,China introduced a national pooling system for pension insurance fund,With the objective of inter-regional fund surplus and deficit adjustment.With the ongoing trend of population aging,can the national pooling and adjustment system operate sustainably?What level of fiscal obligations does it entail?This is related to the long-term stability of pension insurance fund and the whole social security system.This paper employs econometric and actuarial models to assess the sustainability of the national pooling and adjustment system under five scenarios:(1)not introducing any policy interventions;(2)implementing parameter reforms such as expanding pension insurance coverage,progressively extending retirement age,and enhancing collection rates;(3)transferring state-owned capital from central state-owned enterprises to strengthen the social security fund;(4)transitioning the national pooling and adjustment system from turning over current surplus to accumulated surplus;and(5)implementing all parameter reforms,transferring state-owned capital,and turning over accumulated surpluses.The results suggest that a coordinated implementation of reform measures like pension insurance parameter adjustments,reallocation of state-owned capital to enhance social security funds,and leveraging the national pooling and adjustment system for turning over accumulated surplus can ensure the sustainability of the system and significantly alleviatefiscalpressures.
