Fiscal and Tax Policy Research on Promoting Energy Transition in China under the"Dual Carbon"Goal

The"Dual Carbon"Goal is one of the critical strategic tasks in China's new stage of development,and fiscal and tax policies play an essential role in promoting the"dual carbon target"process.Currently,China's fiscal and taxation policies to encourage the realization of the"dual carbon"target are faced with problems such as the lack of budgetary and tax regulation means and the lack of investment in the energy conservation industry.Throughout the mature experience of Britain,the United States,Japan,and other countries,although different,they all chose to levy carbon tax and tax incentives as the path to promote energy transformation.To further encourage energy conversion,China can choose to establish a carbon tax mechanism and promote and improve low-carbon preferential policies and other diversified fiscal and tax policies.

The Centenary of the CPC:Exploration and Improvement of Central-Local Economic Relationship

Decentralization is a global phenomenon,but growth is not.The economic relationship between central and local governments is an important yet unresolved question in China’s economic development.As a large country with unbalanced political and economic development,China is faced with unbalanced and inadequate development as the primary constraint to meeting people’s ever-growing needs for a better life.The Communist Party of China(CPC)has been exploring to mobilize the initiatives of both central and local governments.During the planned economy era,China experienced a few rounds of centralization of economic powers but failed to strike a balance in maximizing the initiatives of both central and local governments.After the reform and opening up policy enacted in 1978,China’s central and local governments have succeeded in combining economic decentralization with administrative decentralization.China’s central government,local governments and enterprises have become resource allocation entities.China’s economic growth miracle has been driven by promoting the initiatives of central and local governments.Entering the new era,the central-local economic relationship represents an institutional strength of concentrating resources to accomplish great undertakings and leveraging the initiatives of both central and local governments.With the principal contradiction facing China’s development shifted into one between people’s growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development,the management of central and local government relationship has taken on greater theoretical significance and salient implications in the new era.

A Rule of Law Approach to the Division of Authority of Office in China

Making the authority of office of government at all levels more standardized and lawbased is an important step in the process of deepening financial reform and establishing fiscal and taxation systems governed by law.To do so,China needs to clarify further the legal division of authority of government at every level and protect and promote its exercise through legal mechanisms.Governments are given powers so that they may effectively protect citizens’basic interests.On the premise of clarifying the boundaries of government functions,we should use legal means and observe the principle of restraint in determining the scope of authority of office.The criteria for the division have both economic and legal aspects.Economic criteria are more basic;legal criteria make adjustments to the pattern of division derived from economic criteria.The authority of office can be divided into legislative supervision and enforcement.The current legal system allocates powers of legislative supervision quite rationally,but supervision of judicial powers in particular should be appropriately centralized.In terms of enforcement,some space is left for the division of administrative powers in the current system,and there is quite obvious homogeneity of powers between different levels of government.The legal division of authority of office requires that basic principles be stipulated in the Constitution and that a basic fiscal law be devised that clarifies the powers of all levels of government.Allocation of fiscal powers between governments and optimization of the transfer payment system,together with budget constraints,will provide an institutional guarantee for the division of these powers.Fundamentally,the legal confirmation of a system of civil rights can promote the implementation of statutory powers.