AIM To evaluate whether fish oil(FO) can protect liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) via the AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway.METHODS Ischemia in wistar rats was induced by superior mesenteric ar...AIM To evaluate whether fish oil(FO) can protect liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) via the AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway.METHODS Ischemia in wistar rats was induced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 60 min and reperfusion for 240 min. One milliliter per day of FO emulsion or normal saline was administered by intraperitoneal injection for 5 consecutive days to each animal. Animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion. Blood andtissue samples were collected for analyses. AMPK, SIRT-1, and Beclin-1 expression was determined in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated HepG2 cells with or without FO emulsion treatment.RESULTS Intestinal I/R induced significant liver morphological changes and increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Expression of p-AMPK/AMPK, SIRT-1, and autophagy markers was decreased whereas tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and malonaldehyde(MDA) were increased. FO emulsion blocked the changes of the above indicators effectively. Besides, in LPS-stimulated HepG2 cells, small interfering RNA(siRNA) targeting AMPK impaired the FO induced increase of p-AMPK, SIRT-1, and Beclin-1 and decrease of TNF-α and MDA. SIRT-1 siRNA impaired the increase of SIRT-1 and Beclin-1 and the decrease of TNF-α and MDA.CONCLUSION Our study indicates that FO may protect the liver against intestinal I/R induced injury through the AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway.展开更多
BACKGROUND Preoperative supplementation with immunonutrients, including arginine and n-3 fatty acids, has been shown in a number of systematic reviews to reduce infectious complications in patients who have undergone ...BACKGROUND Preoperative supplementation with immunonutrients, including arginine and n-3 fatty acids, has been shown in a number of systematic reviews to reduce infectious complications in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery. Limited information, however, is available on the benefits of nutritional supplementation enriched with arginine and n-3 fatty acids in patients undergoing liver resection.AIM To evaluate the effects of preoperative nutritional supplementation enriched with arginine and n-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and immunologic markers and clinical outcome in patients undergoing liver resection.METHODS Thirty-four patients undergoing liver resection were randomized to either five days of preoperative Impact? [1020 kcal/d, immunonutrition(IMN) group], or standard care [no supplementation, standard care(STD) group]. Nutritional status was measured at study entry by subjective global assessment(SGA).Functional assessments(grip strength, fatigue and performance status) were carried out at study entry, on the day prior to surgery, and on postoperative day(POD) 7 and 30. Inflammatory and immune markers were measured at study entry, on the day prior to surgery, and POD 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 30. Postoperative complications were recorded prospectively until POD30.RESULTS A total of 32 patients(17 IMN and 15 STD) were analysed. All except four patients were SGA class A. The plasma ratio of(eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid) to arachidonic acid was higher in IMN patients on the day prior to surgery and POD 1, 3, 5 and 7(P < 0.05). Plasma interleukin(IL)-6 concentrations were elevated in the IMN group(P = 0.017 for POD7). No treatment effect was detected for functional measures, immune response(white cell count and total lymphocytes) or markers of inflammation(C-reactive protein,tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-8, IL-10). There were 10 patients with infectious complications in the IMN group and 4 in the STD group(P = 0.087). Median hospital stay was 9(range 4–49) d in the IMN group and 8(3-34) d in the STD group(P = 0.476).CONCLUSION In well-nourished patients undergoing elective liver resection, this study failed to show any benefit of preoperative immunonutrition.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) has been common in patients who require long-term parenteral nutrition. PNALD develops in 40%-60% of infants on long-term parenteral nutrition compared...BACKGROUND: Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) has been common in patients who require long-term parenteral nutrition. PNALD develops in 40%-60% of infants on long-term parenteral nutrition compared with 15%-40% of adults on home parenteral nutrition for intestinal failure. The pathogenesis of PNALD is multifactorial and remains unclear There is no specific treatment. Management strategies for its prevention and treatment depend on an understanding of many risk factors. This review aims to provide an update on the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was performed on the MEDLINE and Web of Science databases for articles published up to October 2011, using the keywords: parenteral nutrition associated liver disease, intestinal failure associated liver disease lipid emulsions and fish oil. The available data reported in the relevant literatures were analyzed. RESULTS: The literature search provided a huge amount of evidence about the pathogenesis and management strategies on PNALD. Currently, lack of enteral feeding, extended duration of parenteral nutrition, recurrent sepsis, and nutrient deficiency or excess may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PNALD. Recent studies found that phytosterols present as contaminants in soy-based lipid emulsions, are also an important factor in the pathogenesis. Moreover, the treatment of PNALD is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of lipid emulsions, phytosterols in particular, is associated with PNALD. Management strategies for the prevention and treatment of PNALD include consideration of early enteral feeding, the use of specialized lipid emulsions such as fish oil emulsions, and isolated small bowel or combined liver and small bowel transplantation. A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of PNALD has led to promising interventions to prevent and treat this condition. Future work should aim to better understand the mechanisms of PNALD and the long-term outcomes of its treatment.展开更多
Concentrations of lead( Pb),cadmium( Cd),chromium( Cr),copper( Cu),zinc( Zn) and manganese( Mn) were measured in various organs( such as in liver and muscle) from 9 species of freshwater economic fishes which were col...Concentrations of lead( Pb),cadmium( Cd),chromium( Cr),copper( Cu),zinc( Zn) and manganese( Mn) were measured in various organs( such as in liver and muscle) from 9 species of freshwater economic fishes which were collected from northeast area of Guangdong Province. The concentration of metals was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry( ICP- AES). Results showed that the levels of metals in hepatopancreas of the fishes were found in order of Zn > Pb > Cu > Hg > Cd,while in muscles were Zn > Cr> Pb > Mn > Cu > Cd. In general,the metals concentrations were significantly higher in liver samples than that in muscle samples. Based on the " pollution index of single factor",the fishes,to one degree or another,were polluted by Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu and Zn,and pollution levels were mostly followed by Pb > Cd > Cr > Cu > Zn. The indexes of Pb and Cd tested in hepatopancreas of the fishes were in a majority exceeded the national safety criteria for food in China. What's more,it was found that the contents of the heavy metals in fishes did not vary with the trophic level which they belong to. In summary,the fishes were polluted by Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu and Zn to some extent,which indicated that hidden danger of heavy metals pollution was present in ecological environment or safety in fishery production in the area.展开更多
The thermograms of mitochondrial metabolism of two kinds of fishes have been determined. From the thermograms, a thermokinetic equation ln could be established for the mitochondrial metobolism. From this equation, the...The thermograms of mitochondrial metabolism of two kinds of fishes have been determined. From the thermograms, a thermokinetic equation ln could be established for the mitochondrial metobolism. From this equation, the rate constants of activity recovery and activity decline were calculated. This equation is very significant for the study of mitochondrial metabolism.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81600446Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China,No.201102048Natural Science Foundation of Dalian Medical Association,No.w SJ/KJC-01-JL-01
文摘AIM To evaluate whether fish oil(FO) can protect liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) via the AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway.METHODS Ischemia in wistar rats was induced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 60 min and reperfusion for 240 min. One milliliter per day of FO emulsion or normal saline was administered by intraperitoneal injection for 5 consecutive days to each animal. Animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion. Blood andtissue samples were collected for analyses. AMPK, SIRT-1, and Beclin-1 expression was determined in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated HepG2 cells with or without FO emulsion treatment.RESULTS Intestinal I/R induced significant liver morphological changes and increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Expression of p-AMPK/AMPK, SIRT-1, and autophagy markers was decreased whereas tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and malonaldehyde(MDA) were increased. FO emulsion blocked the changes of the above indicators effectively. Besides, in LPS-stimulated HepG2 cells, small interfering RNA(siRNA) targeting AMPK impaired the FO induced increase of p-AMPK, SIRT-1, and Beclin-1 and decrease of TNF-α and MDA. SIRT-1 siRNA impaired the increase of SIRT-1 and Beclin-1 and the decrease of TNF-α and MDA.CONCLUSION Our study indicates that FO may protect the liver against intestinal I/R induced injury through the AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway.
基金Australasian Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Research Grant and A+Trust Small Project Grant,No.5576
文摘BACKGROUND Preoperative supplementation with immunonutrients, including arginine and n-3 fatty acids, has been shown in a number of systematic reviews to reduce infectious complications in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery. Limited information, however, is available on the benefits of nutritional supplementation enriched with arginine and n-3 fatty acids in patients undergoing liver resection.AIM To evaluate the effects of preoperative nutritional supplementation enriched with arginine and n-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and immunologic markers and clinical outcome in patients undergoing liver resection.METHODS Thirty-four patients undergoing liver resection were randomized to either five days of preoperative Impact? [1020 kcal/d, immunonutrition(IMN) group], or standard care [no supplementation, standard care(STD) group]. Nutritional status was measured at study entry by subjective global assessment(SGA).Functional assessments(grip strength, fatigue and performance status) were carried out at study entry, on the day prior to surgery, and on postoperative day(POD) 7 and 30. Inflammatory and immune markers were measured at study entry, on the day prior to surgery, and POD 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 30. Postoperative complications were recorded prospectively until POD30.RESULTS A total of 32 patients(17 IMN and 15 STD) were analysed. All except four patients were SGA class A. The plasma ratio of(eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid) to arachidonic acid was higher in IMN patients on the day prior to surgery and POD 1, 3, 5 and 7(P < 0.05). Plasma interleukin(IL)-6 concentrations were elevated in the IMN group(P = 0.017 for POD7). No treatment effect was detected for functional measures, immune response(white cell count and total lymphocytes) or markers of inflammation(C-reactive protein,tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-8, IL-10). There were 10 patients with infectious complications in the IMN group and 4 in the STD group(P = 0.087). Median hospital stay was 9(range 4–49) d in the IMN group and 8(3-34) d in the STD group(P = 0.476).CONCLUSION In well-nourished patients undergoing elective liver resection, this study failed to show any benefit of preoperative immunonutrition.
文摘BACKGROUND: Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) has been common in patients who require long-term parenteral nutrition. PNALD develops in 40%-60% of infants on long-term parenteral nutrition compared with 15%-40% of adults on home parenteral nutrition for intestinal failure. The pathogenesis of PNALD is multifactorial and remains unclear There is no specific treatment. Management strategies for its prevention and treatment depend on an understanding of many risk factors. This review aims to provide an update on the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was performed on the MEDLINE and Web of Science databases for articles published up to October 2011, using the keywords: parenteral nutrition associated liver disease, intestinal failure associated liver disease lipid emulsions and fish oil. The available data reported in the relevant literatures were analyzed. RESULTS: The literature search provided a huge amount of evidence about the pathogenesis and management strategies on PNALD. Currently, lack of enteral feeding, extended duration of parenteral nutrition, recurrent sepsis, and nutrient deficiency or excess may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PNALD. Recent studies found that phytosterols present as contaminants in soy-based lipid emulsions, are also an important factor in the pathogenesis. Moreover, the treatment of PNALD is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of lipid emulsions, phytosterols in particular, is associated with PNALD. Management strategies for the prevention and treatment of PNALD include consideration of early enteral feeding, the use of specialized lipid emulsions such as fish oil emulsions, and isolated small bowel or combined liver and small bowel transplantation. A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of PNALD has led to promising interventions to prevent and treat this condition. Future work should aim to better understand the mechanisms of PNALD and the long-term outcomes of its treatment.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(S2013010013693)Outstanding Young Teacher Training Program of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(Yq2013152)
文摘Concentrations of lead( Pb),cadmium( Cd),chromium( Cr),copper( Cu),zinc( Zn) and manganese( Mn) were measured in various organs( such as in liver and muscle) from 9 species of freshwater economic fishes which were collected from northeast area of Guangdong Province. The concentration of metals was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry( ICP- AES). Results showed that the levels of metals in hepatopancreas of the fishes were found in order of Zn > Pb > Cu > Hg > Cd,while in muscles were Zn > Cr> Pb > Mn > Cu > Cd. In general,the metals concentrations were significantly higher in liver samples than that in muscle samples. Based on the " pollution index of single factor",the fishes,to one degree or another,were polluted by Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu and Zn,and pollution levels were mostly followed by Pb > Cd > Cr > Cu > Zn. The indexes of Pb and Cd tested in hepatopancreas of the fishes were in a majority exceeded the national safety criteria for food in China. What's more,it was found that the contents of the heavy metals in fishes did not vary with the trophic level which they belong to. In summary,the fishes were polluted by Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu and Zn to some extent,which indicated that hidden danger of heavy metals pollution was present in ecological environment or safety in fishery production in the area.
文摘The thermograms of mitochondrial metabolism of two kinds of fishes have been determined. From the thermograms, a thermokinetic equation ln could be established for the mitochondrial metobolism. From this equation, the rate constants of activity recovery and activity decline were calculated. This equation is very significant for the study of mitochondrial metabolism.
