Breeding and Seed Reproduction Techniques of a New Tetraploid Common Buckwheat Variety‘Pintianqiao 3’

[Objectives]This study was conducted to actively carry out the breeding of new tetraploid common buckwheat varieties and its supporting breeding techniques.[Methods]Pintianqiao 3 is a new tetraploid common buckwheat variety developed by College of Agriculture of Shanxi Agricultural University and Agricultural Genetic Resources Center of Shanxi Agricultural University,using‘Pintianqiao 1’as the parent,through mutation treatment with 0.2%colchicine aqueous solution,grain selection,plant selection,isolation and identification,variety comparison,regional test and field investigation.The variety has chromosomes 2n=4X=32,and shows a spring sowing period of 101 d and a summer sowing period of 80 d,large flowers and seeds(with a 1000-grain weight of 41.4 g),and good resistance to lodging.[Results]From 2021 to 2022,Pintianqiao 3 participated in the independent joint regional test of common buckwheat varieties in Shanxi Province,and the average yield in 10 test positions was 1.8 kg,equivalent to 1800 kg/hm^(2),which was 8.4%higher than the control.It passed the field investigation conducted by Shanxi provincial expert group for identification of non-major crop varieties in Dongyang and Kelan experimental sites on September 2-3,2022.On January 4,2024,it passed the preliminary examination of Shanxi Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee.The seed reproduction technique of Pintianqiao 3 including land selection,preparation before sowing,sowing,field management and timely harvesting has been developed.[Conclusions]This study provides technical support for the demonstration and popularization of this new variety.

Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of a New Spring Wheat Variety Kechun 140103

Kechun 140103 is a new spring wheat variety with high and stable yield bred by Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.This paper summarizes the breeding process,characteristics,yield performance and cultivation techniques of Kechun 140103,in order to promote the popularization and application of the variety.

Ecological Scale Breeding Technique of Local Chickens

Developing ecological scale breeding of local chickens with natural conditions, such as forest lands, grass lands, orchards and mulberry fields, not only can improve the quality of poultry products and the production benefits of chicken breeding, but also can develop and use local chicken germplasm effectively and promote their breed protection and industrialization. From integration and application of breed selection, breeding management, nutrient regulation, grass planting and grazing, a new ecological scale breeding technique of local chickens is proposed.

Breeding and Cultivation Technique of Ditian 6

Ditian 6 is super sweet corn hybrid. Its parents are inbred line 201-2 and 769 respectively. It was certificated by Variety Certification Committee of Shanxi Province in 2013. Ditian 6 participated in regional trials of Shanxi Province in 2010 and 2011. The average fresh ear yield is 14257. 5 kg / ha. Its growth period is 81 d,belonging to the early variety. It has obvious advantages if it is early cultivated. The kernel is yellow,and the quality reaches a high level. In the early or late market,it has significant economic benefits. The variety has strong resistance to disease and adversity,with wide adaptability,high and stable yield. It can be planted in the areas where accumulated temperature is above 2300℃.

New Varieties of Populus tomentosa Carr. and Breeding Techniques

The main morphological characteristics, producing area and growth characteristics of sixteen new varieties of Chinese white poplar （Populus tomentosa Carr. ） are reported, aiming at providing reference for breeding and extension of new varieties.

Creating new middle breeding materials by utilizing new techniques

A new breeding program"Creating new middle breedingmaterials by utilizing new techniques",cooperated byChina National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI)andJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sci-ence(JIRCAS)",started in Hangzhou,China in 1999.

ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION AND BREEDING OF MARINE FISH IN CHINA

Since the 1990s, artificial propagation and breeding technique of marine fish in China have developed by way of increasing species and fry numbers, with special stress laid on valuable species. Large quantities of artificial fry can meet the needs of both marine cage culture and pond culture for most species. Experimental results obtained by scientists have been put into use in actual production. Fish fry production has entered a period of sustainable development. So far, at least 44 species (21 families) of marine fish have been successfully bred in China. The artificial fry number of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) exceeded 300 million in 1999. The species whose artificial fry numbers have each surpassed 10 million annually are red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus), cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioides), spring spawning red seabream (Pagrosomus major) and threebanded sweetlip (Plectorhynchus cinctus). Millions of artificial fry are bred annually in the species of black porgy (Sparus macrocephalus), Russell’s snapper (Lutjanus russelli), javelin grunt (Pomadasys hasta), miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) and skewband grunt (Hapalogenys nitens). The fish in the family Sciaenidae are the main species in artificial propagation and breeding. Some problems and prospects on marine fish culture and stock enhancement are also discussed and some proposals for sustainable development are put forward in this article.

Breeding for FHB Resistance via Fusarium Damaged Kernels and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation as Well as Inoculation Methods in Winter Wheat

FHB is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. Resistance testing depends strongly on inoculation methods, and on measured traits. Therefore a four-year (2009-2012) study was performed using spray inoculation + polyethylene (PE) bag cover, spray inoculation + mist irrigation, and spawn method supported by mist irrigation on 40 genotypes, 20 from Hungary and 20 from IFA Tulln, Austria. Each year four isolates were used in artificial inoculations except the spawn method where stalk debris served the inoculum. Visual Fusarium head blight (FHB) scores, Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination were checked. 7680 FHB and FDK, as well as 3840 DON analyses served as the background for the statistical evaluation. The most reliable method used was the spray + polyethylene (PE) bag;the other two were significantly poorer being valid for all traits. The FHB scores were the least reliable, whereas the FDK was much more consequent and the DON gave the best results. The FDK gave much better predictions for DON contamination than FHB. The cultivars responses correlated well at different epidemic severities. The presence of the kernel resistance was confirmed and a new trait as extra kernel susceptibility was described. Presence of DON resistance was confirmed again, and extra DON susceptibility was described as a new trait. DON performance varied on the most sensitive cultivar between 0.32 and 143 mg/kg (mean 17.52 mg/kg) and on the most resistant genotype between 0.00 and 18.19 mg/kg (mean 1.87 mg/kg). Correlations between stability and resistance level are r = 0.85 for FHB, 0.78 for FDK, and 0.88 for DON, all at a significance level of p = 0.001. The very close correlation between FDK and DON contamination (r = 0.81, p = 0.001) proves that control of DON contamination needs appropriate resistance. In the breeding program evaluation of FDK is the most important, and then DON will be decided. Variety registration must be updated;otherwise no improvement on the field will occur.

Advances in Breeding of Festuca arundinacea Schreb.

In this paper, domestic and foreign advances in breeding situation and conventional breeding methods of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and the applica- tion of modem biological techniques （ somaclonal variation, somatic cell hybridization, genetic map construction, genetic diversity, gene cloning and expression, ge- netic engineering） in breeding of new varieties of F. arundinacea were summarized, which proposed new ideas for the development of F. arundinacea breeding and provided reference for breeding of new varieties of F. arundinacea.

Breeding of High Quality Conventional Japonica Type Glutinous Rice Bancangjingnuo

Bangcangjingnuo is a new, mid-maturing conventional Japonica type glutinous rice variety bred by Hunan Rice Research Institute and Hunan Wucai Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. In 2017, the Hunan Crop Variety Examination and Approval Committee approved Bangcangjingnuo. The breeding process of this cultivar was expounded in this study. This cultivar is highly glutinous and waxy, it produces a stable high yield, and it possesses the quality of low temperature resistance. The theoretical yield of Bangcangjingnuo is 8 731.5 kg/hm^2, and the actual output is about 7 422.0 kg/hm^2 according to the 85% discount.Finally, we described the main points of cultivation technique from the perspectives of timely planting and strict seed sterilization.

小麦条锈病抗性基因定位及分子标记技术研究进展

条锈病流行对小麦生产造成巨大损失,选育和种植持久抗性品种是防治小麦条锈病最经济有效的策略。为达到多基因聚合培育持久抗病品种的目标,必须不断发掘抗病种质、解析其抗病遗传机制并开发分子标记。基于文献,对条锈病抗性基因发掘涉及的抗病性、分子标记、基因定位方法和定位进展及其在育种中的应用进行了综述,明确了小麦条锈病基因定位涉及技术的现状、局限性及优势,从而为后续的条锈病抗性基因发掘、多基因聚合和持久抗性小麦品种的选育与生产布局提供技术指导,以降低西北麦区和小麦主产区条锈病流行的频率,进一步促进国家粮食安全。

鲜食糯玉米新品种辽糯5号的选育及栽培技术要点

辽糯5号是辽宁省农业科学院玉米研究所以自选系S15C08为母本、自选系YN1为父本组配而成的优质糯玉米杂交种。该品种具有熟期适中、果穗大小均匀、鲜穗外观好、品质优良、糯性强、柔嫩性好、稳产、抗病抗倒、适应性广等特点,2022年8月通过辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会审定(辽审玉20220247)。

早熟优质水稻新品种合粳23的选育及栽培技术

合粳23是黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院水稻育种研究所利用垦系1344作母本、龙粳31作父本进行有性杂交,通过系谱法选育而成的早熟水稻新品种,于2023年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。合粳23在多年多点鉴定过程中表现出高产、秆强抗倒伏、耐密植、抗病、早熟、活秆成熟等特点,适宜在黑龙江省第四积温带种植。

水稻新品种新农粳伊4号的选育及栽培技术

新农粳伊4号是新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所选育的粳型常规水稻品种,母本为宁粳43号、父本为新稻36号。该品种于2020年通过国家审定,适宜在吉林省晚熟稻区、辽宁北部、宁夏引黄灌区、内蒙古赤峰地区、北疆沿天山稻区和南疆稻瘟病轻发区种植,稻瘟病重发区不宜种植。从播种、育苗、移栽、本田水肥管理及病虫草害防治等方面总结其机插栽培技术要点。

水稻新品种垦研1804的选育、特征特性及栽培技术

垦研1804是黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所2010年以垦稻25为母本、垦稻09-1588为父本杂交,通过南繁加代,经系谱法选育而成的早熟多抗优质粳稻新品种,适宜在黑龙江省第二积温带插秧种植。介绍了垦研1804的选育过程、特征特性及产量表现,并根据生产实际提出了其稳产高产配套栽培技术,为该品种的推广种植提供依据。

水稻新品种垦研1803的选育及特征特性

垦研1803是黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所2010年以空育131为母本、垦鉴稻3号为父本杂交,通过南繁加代,经系谱法选育而成的粳稻新品种。该品种早熟、多抗、优质,适宜在黑龙江省第三积温带插秧种植。对垦研1803的选育过程、产量表现、特征特性等进行了介绍,并从播种及插秧、肥水管理、病虫害防治、冷害预防等方面总结了其栽培技术要点,以期为垦研1803的生产应用提供指导。

香型温敏核不育系皖香22S的选育研究

皖香22S是安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所以1892S为母本、湖南湘穗种业有限责任公司引进的香型籼稻亲本常香39S为父本进行杂交选育的香型温敏核不育系,2023年8月通过安徽省技术鉴定。皖香22S株高85.0 cm,平均每穗总颖花数193.5粒,千粒重24.0 g,株型紧凑,分蘖力较强,叶片直立内卷,有香味,冷水池育性鉴定在14.5 h、23.5℃、6 d条件下,花粉不育度99.95%,套袋自交结实率0.25%。皖香22S在合肥5月20日播种,播始历期为84 d,比近似品种常香39S短5 d左右,主茎叶龄13.2叶。柱头外露率和异交结实率较高。稻瘟病、稻曲病和白叶枯病抗性较好;米质较优;所配组合杂种优势强,其中皖香22S/银月丝苗在2023年的小区优势鉴定中,较丰两优4号增产9.35%,差异达极显著水平。

玉米新品种“福莱130”的选育和栽培技术要点

“福莱130”是吉林市福莱特种子有限公司以自选系“F9”为母本、自选系“L37”为父本,杂交选育成的玉米新品种,2021年通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定(吉审玉20210125)。该品种生育日数127d,需≥10℃活动积温2600℃左右,该品种产量高、品质好、容重高、脱水快和抗性强,可在吉林省中晚熟区域种植。本文主要阐述其亲本来源、选育过程、特征特性、产量表现和栽培技术要点,旨在为吉林省玉米新品种推广提供理论依据。

高产高抗宜机收玉米新品种陇单639的选育及栽培

培育高产、稳产籽粒直收玉米品种是玉米产业机械化发展的基本保障。为解决甘肃近年来玉米产业发展中存在的农业劳动力紧缺、玉米生产机械化程度低、宜机械收获籽粒品种缺少等问题,甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所玉米遗传育种团队通过种质资源改良、双单倍体诱导加倍、多环境胁迫选育、多生态区联合鉴定等技术,以自育自交系Z39-1为母本、DH系DHZ62-53为父本选育出了高产高抗宜机收玉米新品种陇单639。在2020-2021年进行的甘肃省玉米机收组区域试验中,陇单6392a10点(次)收获时籽粒平均水分含量为237.5g/kg,平均破损率为4.0%,平均折合产量为16095.0kg/hm^(2),较对照品种先玉335增产5.9%。在2022年进行的甘肃省玉米机收组生产试验中,5试点平均籽粒水分含量为209.0g/kg,籽粒破损率为4.0%,平均折合产量为15012.0kg/hm^(2),较对照品种先玉335增产6.4%。陇单639生育期平均为140d,株型半紧凑,株高290cm,筒型果穗,半马齿型籽粒,穗长19.6cm,穗行数16行,穗轴红色,籽粒黄色,千粒重419g左右。高抗禾谷镰孢茎腐病,中抗丝黑穗病、大斑病,感禾谷镰孢穗腐病。陇单639籽粒含粗蛋白为87.10g/kg、粗脂肪为369.0g/kg、粗淀粉为766.70g/kg、赖氨酸为2.97g/kg,容重为728g/L。同时该品种表现出高产、稳产、抗倒伏、脱水快等特点,在成熟后田间可站秆20d以上,具备机械收获籽粒品种的主要特征。适宜在甘肃省中晚熟春玉米类型区机收种植。

高产优质抗病玉米新品种达美5号的选育、特性分析及栽培技术

玉米(Zea mays L.)新品种达美5号是十堰市农业科学院和华中农业大学以HZ1711为母本、Q4-2为父本育成的杂交种,2020—2021年2年区域试验平均产量为9950.85 kg/hm^(2),比对照品种华玉11增产8.53%,具有突出的高产稳产、抗逆广适、品质优良、制种产量高的特性,于2022年8月通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。总结了达美5号的选育过程、特征特性、抗逆性、品质和产量表现,介绍了栽培和制种技术要点,为品种的应用推广提供参考。