In Algeria,water is a critically limited resource.Rapid demographic,urban and economic development has significantly increased water demand,the particularly for drinking water supply and agriculture.Groundwater serves...In Algeria,water is a critically limited resource.Rapid demographic,urban and economic development has significantly increased water demand,the particularly for drinking water supply and agriculture.Groundwater serves as the primary source of water in the Boumerdes Region,located in northern Algeria,Therefore evaluating groundwater quality for water supply and irrigation purposes is very crucial.In this study,49 groundwater samples were collected in 2021 and analyzed based on 17 physicochemical parameters.These results were processed using multivariate analysis and compared against the standards established by both the World Health Organization and Algerian Standards.The findings revealed that the concentrations of Sodium,Calcium,Magnesium,and Nitrate of some samples exceeded acceptable limits,indicating that physicochemical treatment is necessary before use for drinking water supply.For irrigation suitability,several indices were employed,including Sodium Adsorption Rate(SAR),Wilcox diagram,Magnesium Absorption Ratio(MAR),Residual Sodium Bicarbonate(RSB),Permeability Index(PI)and Stuyfzand Index.The results of these indices show that groundwater in the region generally meets irrigation standards with a low risk.However,the groundwater should still be managed carefully to prevent salinityrelated issues.This study highlights the current status of groundwater quality the Boumerdes region and offers important insights for the sustainable management of water resources in the area.展开更多
This paper aims to propose a quality profile of springs of the study area for irrigation. In the present study, fifty-four springs in Almora have been identified from rural as well as urban localities for calculation ...This paper aims to propose a quality profile of springs of the study area for irrigation. In the present study, fifty-four springs in Almora have been identified from rural as well as urban localities for calculation of irriga- tional water quality parameters during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon, 2008. Spring water samples are collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , HCO3- , Cl- , and SO42- . Different irrigation quality parameters viz. salinity, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazards (MH) and permeability index (PI) are calculated for the evaluation of spring water quality for irrigation purposes. All springs are found excellent to good based on irrigation quality parameters. Based on Wilcox diagram, about 98% of the water resources are grouped as C1S1 (low-low) and C2S1 (medium-low) classes, so springs are suitable for normal irrigation.展开更多
The steel structure construction is an interesting option to the already established concrete structure at a time when the Brazilian civil construction seeks more efficiency.To promote the use of this material it is n...The steel structure construction is an interesting option to the already established concrete structure at a time when the Brazilian civil construction seeks more efficiency.To promote the use of this material it is necessary to have a better understanding of its characteristics and,especially,of its possible pathologies,to avoid degradation,costs,and even the collapse of the structure.In this study Total Quality Management tools were applied to analyze the pathologies found in five medium and large steel-structured buildings.The most frequent ones were structure corrosion,cracks in the closures,and infiltrations in the interface closure/structure.The Ishikawa Diagram is used to identify the origin of the causes of pathologies and the Gravity Urgency Tendency Matrix(GUT Matrix)is used in the risk analysis of each pathology.The results obtained show that it is possible,through these Quality Management tools,to understand the origin of the pathologies,establishing their dangerousness and the degree of risk each one offers.展开更多
In light of rapid development of customer requirements, control procedures of quality concept use multivariate analysis. This is because of recent advances in information technology and in recording. The charting proc...In light of rapid development of customer requirements, control procedures of quality concept use multivariate analysis. This is because of recent advances in information technology and in recording. The charting procedures are based on Mahalanobis distance but their performance needs normality and a type-I error rate choice. The DD-diagram is an alternative scheme that uses data depth to avoid these conditions rarely met in practice. For a given error-free sample, the performance of DD-diagram and that of multivariate EWMA control procedures are compared through a real example on individual observations taken from a multivariate quality process.展开更多
为了提高辣椒碱溶解度和生物利用度将其制备成微乳,经溶解度实验和伪三元相图确定微乳处方组成和表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的最佳质量比(Km);以粒径和载药量为考察指标,采用星点设计-响应面法优化辣椒碱微乳处方;并对最优处方制备的辣...为了提高辣椒碱溶解度和生物利用度将其制备成微乳,经溶解度实验和伪三元相图确定微乳处方组成和表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的最佳质量比(Km);以粒径和载药量为考察指标,采用星点设计-响应面法优化辣椒碱微乳处方;并对最优处方制备的辣椒碱微乳进行质量评价。辣椒碱微乳最优处方为辣椒碱5.12%,油酸乙酯5.82%,曲拉通X-100和无水乙醇(K_(m)=3∶1)28.54%,加纯化水至5.0 g;制得的微乳为O/W型澄清透明的均一液体,其形态为表面光滑的球形;CAP微乳粒径为16.5±0.17 nm,多分散指数为0.387±0.02,Zeta电位为-12.1±0.12 m V,粘度为33±1.73 m Pa·s;冻融稳定性和离心稳定性良好;红外光谱和差示扫描量热分析表明辣椒碱被包裹在微乳中。将辣椒碱制备成辣椒碱微乳,溶解度得以提高,解决了其水溶性低的问题,为辣椒碱的开发与应用提供一定的参考。展开更多
文摘In Algeria,water is a critically limited resource.Rapid demographic,urban and economic development has significantly increased water demand,the particularly for drinking water supply and agriculture.Groundwater serves as the primary source of water in the Boumerdes Region,located in northern Algeria,Therefore evaluating groundwater quality for water supply and irrigation purposes is very crucial.In this study,49 groundwater samples were collected in 2021 and analyzed based on 17 physicochemical parameters.These results were processed using multivariate analysis and compared against the standards established by both the World Health Organization and Algerian Standards.The findings revealed that the concentrations of Sodium,Calcium,Magnesium,and Nitrate of some samples exceeded acceptable limits,indicating that physicochemical treatment is necessary before use for drinking water supply.For irrigation suitability,several indices were employed,including Sodium Adsorption Rate(SAR),Wilcox diagram,Magnesium Absorption Ratio(MAR),Residual Sodium Bicarbonate(RSB),Permeability Index(PI)and Stuyfzand Index.The results of these indices show that groundwater in the region generally meets irrigation standards with a low risk.However,the groundwater should still be managed carefully to prevent salinityrelated issues.This study highlights the current status of groundwater quality the Boumerdes region and offers important insights for the sustainable management of water resources in the area.
文摘This paper aims to propose a quality profile of springs of the study area for irrigation. In the present study, fifty-four springs in Almora have been identified from rural as well as urban localities for calculation of irriga- tional water quality parameters during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon, 2008. Spring water samples are collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , HCO3- , Cl- , and SO42- . Different irrigation quality parameters viz. salinity, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazards (MH) and permeability index (PI) are calculated for the evaluation of spring water quality for irrigation purposes. All springs are found excellent to good based on irrigation quality parameters. Based on Wilcox diagram, about 98% of the water resources are grouped as C1S1 (low-low) and C2S1 (medium-low) classes, so springs are suitable for normal irrigation.
文摘The steel structure construction is an interesting option to the already established concrete structure at a time when the Brazilian civil construction seeks more efficiency.To promote the use of this material it is necessary to have a better understanding of its characteristics and,especially,of its possible pathologies,to avoid degradation,costs,and even the collapse of the structure.In this study Total Quality Management tools were applied to analyze the pathologies found in five medium and large steel-structured buildings.The most frequent ones were structure corrosion,cracks in the closures,and infiltrations in the interface closure/structure.The Ishikawa Diagram is used to identify the origin of the causes of pathologies and the Gravity Urgency Tendency Matrix(GUT Matrix)is used in the risk analysis of each pathology.The results obtained show that it is possible,through these Quality Management tools,to understand the origin of the pathologies,establishing their dangerousness and the degree of risk each one offers.
文摘In light of rapid development of customer requirements, control procedures of quality concept use multivariate analysis. This is because of recent advances in information technology and in recording. The charting procedures are based on Mahalanobis distance but their performance needs normality and a type-I error rate choice. The DD-diagram is an alternative scheme that uses data depth to avoid these conditions rarely met in practice. For a given error-free sample, the performance of DD-diagram and that of multivariate EWMA control procedures are compared through a real example on individual observations taken from a multivariate quality process.
文摘为了提高辣椒碱溶解度和生物利用度将其制备成微乳,经溶解度实验和伪三元相图确定微乳处方组成和表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的最佳质量比(Km);以粒径和载药量为考察指标,采用星点设计-响应面法优化辣椒碱微乳处方;并对最优处方制备的辣椒碱微乳进行质量评价。辣椒碱微乳最优处方为辣椒碱5.12%,油酸乙酯5.82%,曲拉通X-100和无水乙醇(K_(m)=3∶1)28.54%,加纯化水至5.0 g;制得的微乳为O/W型澄清透明的均一液体,其形态为表面光滑的球形;CAP微乳粒径为16.5±0.17 nm,多分散指数为0.387±0.02,Zeta电位为-12.1±0.12 m V,粘度为33±1.73 m Pa·s;冻融稳定性和离心稳定性良好;红外光谱和差示扫描量热分析表明辣椒碱被包裹在微乳中。将辣椒碱制备成辣椒碱微乳,溶解度得以提高,解决了其水溶性低的问题,为辣椒碱的开发与应用提供一定的参考。
