In this study the molecular formula and structure of lipid constituents of silver carp and bighead carp in middle reaches of Yangtze River were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The position of doubl...In this study the molecular formula and structure of lipid constituents of silver carp and bighead carp in middle reaches of Yangtze River were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The position of double bounds was identified by the method of double bounds chemical localization. These carps are proved to contain eicosapantaenoic acid (EPA) and decosahexenoic acid (DHA). The contents of EPA and DHA, which were determined by gas chromatography, in silver carp and bighead carp were approximately the same as in tuna and salmon. The contents of EPA and DHA in 100 g wet sample were 0. 187 g, 0. 229 g and 0. 246 g, 0. 325 g respectively, but the cholesterol contents in silver carp and bighead carp were much lower than in tuna and salmon.展开更多
Addition of digested sewage sludge at concentrations of 2% and 10% (v/v) to the water increased coughing rate in big head and tilapia (P<0.05). Ventilation rate was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in big head a...Addition of digested sewage sludge at concentrations of 2% and 10% (v/v) to the water increased coughing rate in big head and tilapia (P<0.05). Ventilation rate was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in big head and tilapia at sludge concentrations of 6% and 2% (v/v)respectively. Copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) are trace metals which are commonly found in sludge. Cu caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in coughing rate in both tilapia and big head at concentrations of 0.3 and 0.2 μg/ml respectively. Zn caused significant increase (P<0.05) in coughing rate only in big head at 2 μg/ml. Neither fish responded to Cd of up to 2μg/ml in the water. However, when the levels of these trace metals in the digested sludge were measured, they were below that which can cause significant changes in the respiratory movements. Therefore, the changes in ventilation and coughing rates after addition of sludge may be due to the presence of substances other than these metals. The results of this experiment provides a guideline to control the level of sludge that can be used in rearing these fresh water fish in ponds展开更多
The toxic effect of fertilizer Diammonium phosphate resulted in alterations of 5'-Nucleotidase activity of tissues liver, kidney and muscles offish C. batrachus at varying intervals and exposures. Alterations in 5...The toxic effect of fertilizer Diammonium phosphate resulted in alterations of 5'-Nucleotidase activity of tissues liver, kidney and muscles offish C. batrachus at varying intervals and exposures. Alterations in 5'-Nuclcotidase activity of body organs gave an idea of the toxicity caused by the fertilizer. Thus the enzyme 5'-Nucleotidase can be used to monitor the pollution in aquatic ecosystem.展开更多
A simple and rapid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)technique coupled with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was developed for the extraction and analysis of five endosulfan pesticides ...A simple and rapid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)technique coupled with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was developed for the extraction and analysis of five endosulfan pesticides from the fish pond water.In this work,different parameters affecting the extraction process such as the type and volume of extraction solvent,type and volume of disperser solvent,and extraction time were studied and optimized.Under optimized conditions,the enrichment factor ranged from 189 to 269 and the relative recovery ranged from 88.5%to 94.9%.The linear range was 2.0-80.0 mg/L;the limits of detection and quantitation were in the range 0.04-1.06 mg/L and 0.12-3.53 mg/L,respectively.The relative standard deviations were in the range 0.94%-2.08%(n D 5).The obtained results show that DLLME combined with GC-MS is a fast and simple method for the determination of endosulfan pesticides in fish pond water.展开更多
文摘In this study the molecular formula and structure of lipid constituents of silver carp and bighead carp in middle reaches of Yangtze River were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The position of double bounds was identified by the method of double bounds chemical localization. These carps are proved to contain eicosapantaenoic acid (EPA) and decosahexenoic acid (DHA). The contents of EPA and DHA, which were determined by gas chromatography, in silver carp and bighead carp were approximately the same as in tuna and salmon. The contents of EPA and DHA in 100 g wet sample were 0. 187 g, 0. 229 g and 0. 246 g, 0. 325 g respectively, but the cholesterol contents in silver carp and bighead carp were much lower than in tuna and salmon.
文摘Addition of digested sewage sludge at concentrations of 2% and 10% (v/v) to the water increased coughing rate in big head and tilapia (P<0.05). Ventilation rate was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in big head and tilapia at sludge concentrations of 6% and 2% (v/v)respectively. Copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) are trace metals which are commonly found in sludge. Cu caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in coughing rate in both tilapia and big head at concentrations of 0.3 and 0.2 μg/ml respectively. Zn caused significant increase (P<0.05) in coughing rate only in big head at 2 μg/ml. Neither fish responded to Cd of up to 2μg/ml in the water. However, when the levels of these trace metals in the digested sludge were measured, they were below that which can cause significant changes in the respiratory movements. Therefore, the changes in ventilation and coughing rates after addition of sludge may be due to the presence of substances other than these metals. The results of this experiment provides a guideline to control the level of sludge that can be used in rearing these fresh water fish in ponds
文摘The toxic effect of fertilizer Diammonium phosphate resulted in alterations of 5'-Nucleotidase activity of tissues liver, kidney and muscles offish C. batrachus at varying intervals and exposures. Alterations in 5'-Nuclcotidase activity of body organs gave an idea of the toxicity caused by the fertilizer. Thus the enzyme 5'-Nucleotidase can be used to monitor the pollution in aquatic ecosystem.
文摘A simple and rapid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)technique coupled with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was developed for the extraction and analysis of five endosulfan pesticides from the fish pond water.In this work,different parameters affecting the extraction process such as the type and volume of extraction solvent,type and volume of disperser solvent,and extraction time were studied and optimized.Under optimized conditions,the enrichment factor ranged from 189 to 269 and the relative recovery ranged from 88.5%to 94.9%.The linear range was 2.0-80.0 mg/L;the limits of detection and quantitation were in the range 0.04-1.06 mg/L and 0.12-3.53 mg/L,respectively.The relative standard deviations were in the range 0.94%-2.08%(n D 5).The obtained results show that DLLME combined with GC-MS is a fast and simple method for the determination of endosulfan pesticides in fish pond water.
