Five-phase Synchronous Reluctance Machines Equipped with a Novel Type of Fractional Slot Winding

Multi-phase machines are so attractive for electrical machine designers because of their valuable advantages such as high reliability and fault tolerant ability.Meanwhile,fractional slot concentrated windings(FSCW)are well known because of short end winding length,simple structure,field weakening sufficiency,fault tolerant capability and higher slot fill factor.The five-phase machines equipped with FSCW,are very good candidates for the purpose of designing motors for high reliable applications,like electric cars,major transporting buses,high speed trains and massive trucks.But,in comparison to the general distributed windings,the FSCWs contain high magnetomotive force(MMF)space harmonic contents,which cause unwanted effects on the machine ability,such as localized iron saturation and core losses.This manuscript introduces several new five-phase fractional slot winding layouts,by the means of slot shifting concept in order to design the new types of synchronous reluctance motors(SynRels).In order to examine the proposed winding’s performances,three sample machines are designed as case studies,and analytical study and finite element analysis(FEA)is used for validation.

基于全扇区统一占空比函数的Ⅰ型NPC三电平SVPWM载波化算法

Ⅰ型中性点钳位(neutral point clamped, NPC)三电平变流器作为中大容量新能源发电系统的核心设备,其调制策略直接影响变流器的能量转换效率、谐波特性和运行控制特性等。鉴于Ⅰ型三电平变流器的传统空间矢量脉宽调制(space vector pulse width modulation, SVPWM)策略在实施过程中包含大量三角函数运算,基于三相静止坐标系进行调制算法的大小扇区判断和矢量作用时间计算等,并通过归纳整理,按照单调制波双载波的载波化思路,获得了适用于全扇区的三相统一的占空比函数。借助该占空比函数,变流器的数字控制器仅需通过简单的关系运算和数值计算,便可获得变流器功率管的控制信号,省去了大量三角函数计算,节约了硬件资源。此外,将SVPWM与正弦波脉宽调制(sinusoidal pulse width modulation, SPWM)+3次谐波注入调制算法进行对比,从调制波层面,揭示了这2种调制算法之间的内在差异。最后,通过仿真验证了该算法的有效性。

一种基于FPGA的SVPWM硬件架构及其计算速度优化

为了提高七段式两电平SVPWM算法的调制速度并减少逻辑资源的使用量,提出了一种基于FPGA的SVPWM硬件架构。在该硬件架构输入参考电压后,首先,进行基于Clarke逆变换的坐标变换,通过一系列加法运算构建出含有三相占空比的3组中间变量,同时通过2个异或运算从上述硬件布线中得到简化后的2 bit扇区判断条件;然后,根据简化后的2 bit扇区判断条件从以上3组中间变量中筛选出三相占空比,并进行钳位保护,按照自然采样法输出PWM。以上过程形成一个整体,在FPGA中只需3次触发,便能在2个时钟周期内完成从参考电压输入到三相PWM输出的整个过程,有效提高了计算速度。此外,还给出了该硬件架构在不同的FPGA平台下的资源使用情况,与其他方法相比,LUT使用量由至少500个缩减至300个左右,逻辑资源使用量降低。通过仿真与实物试验,验证了所提硬件架构的有效性。

基于虚拟电压矢量的双三相直线磁通切换永磁电机容错SVPWM策略

高可靠性是电梯驱动系统的首要指标。针对双三相直线磁通切换永磁(dual-three-phase linear flux switching permanent magnet,DTP-LFSPM)电机单相开路故障,提出一种基于虚拟电压矢量的容错空间矢量脉宽调制策略。首先,基于单相开路故障下的五维变换矩阵计算得到故障后的32个空间电压矢量分布。然后,筛选部分空间电压矢量,以z子空间电压幅值为零且每个扇区产生对称的脉宽调制波形为目标,重构得到12个虚拟电压矢量,相邻的2个虚拟电压矢量都由3个基本电压矢量组成,并用于合成参考电压矢量,不仅可以减少单相开路故障容错控制时的电流谐波,而且具有计算简单,易于硬件实现等优点。最后,搭建DTP-LFSPM电机驱动控制系统仿真与实验平台,仿真和实验测试结果证明所提容错策略的正确性和有效性。

抑制级联H 桥变换器共模电压的简化SVPWM 策略

为解决传统空间矢量调制策略难以拓展至高电平数级联H桥多电平变换器,以及抑制级联H桥多电平变换器调制策略实现过程中产生的共模电压的问题,本文提出一种简化空间矢量调制策略。该策略基于α'β'坐标系,通过判断空间矢量所处区域,得出其边界开关状态,再引入修正参数K对边界开关状态进行修正,以此提高策略的快速性并完成共模电压抑制。仿真和实验结果表明该策略实现简单,可以将级联H桥多电平变换器共模电压抑制在最小变化范围内。

Performance Analysis and Comparison of Two Fault-Tolerant Model Predictive Control Methods for Five-Phase PMSM Drives

Model predictive current control(MPCC)and model predictive torque control(MPTC)are two derivatives of model predictive control.These two control methods have demonstrated their strengths in the fault-tolerant control of multiphase motor drives.To explore the inherent link,the pros and cons of two strategies,the performance analysis and comparative investigation of MPCC and MPTC are conducted through a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with open-phase fault.In MPCC,the currents of fundamental and harmonic subspaces are simultaneously employed and constrained for a combined regulation of the open-circuit fault drive.In MPTC,apart from the torque and the stator flux related to fundamental subspace,the x-y currents are also considered and predicted to achieve the control of harmonic subspace.The principles of two methods are demonstrated in detail and the link is explored in terms of the cost function.Besides,the performance by two methods is experimentally assessed in terms of steady-state,transition,and dynamic tests.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of each method are concluded.

Fault-Tolerant Operation of Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Independent Phase Driving Control

The multi-phase motor drive system with multiple H-bridge power supply has high fault tolerance,which is widely used in aerospace,electric vehicle,ship integrated power system and other fields.In this paper,a fault-tolerant control strategy based on decoupling control and stator current compensation is proposed for the propulsion system of five-phase PMSM with independent neutrals.Firstly,the mathematical model of PMSM is established by using vector space decoupling method;Secondly,a stator current compensation method is adopted to carry out fault-tolerant control after the motor has single-phase and two-phase open-circuit faults and the fault-tolerant control system based on decoupling control is established;Finally,the decoupling control model and the fault-tolerant control of stator current compensation are verified by the simulation and experiment.The simulation and experiment results show that the method can reduce the torque ripple caused by the stator winding open-circuit fault,and the operation performance of the motor under fault condition is significantly improved.

基于SVPWM补偿优化的三电平NPC并网逆变器容错控制

为保证并网系统中三电平中点箝位(neutral point clamped,NPC)型并网逆变器单相桥臂短路或断路故障后持续运行,提出一种基于空间矢量脉宽调制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)的优化补偿型低共模电压容错控制策略。首先,通过分析故障后八开关三相逆变器(eight switch three phase inverters,ESTPI)拓扑开关状态对应的共模电压大小,确定参考电压矢量合成规则;然后,通过一个基波周期内中点电流情况分析中点电位波动机理,进而对空间矢量合成进行调节补偿;最后,设计低通滤波器和滞环控制器进一步对补偿进行优化调整,保证并网电流质量的同时有效抑制了直流母线中点电位偏移。仿真结果表明,该容错控制策略能够实现三电平NPC并网逆变器单相桥臂故障后并网系统的稳定可靠运行,每个基波周期有三分之一时间的共模电压得到改善,优化补偿后的并网电流质量显著提高,且在并网电流突变时具备良好的控制特性。

Comparative Study on Torque Performance of Five-phase Single-Stator and Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

This paper compares the torque characteristics of single stator permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)and double-stator PMSM under different split-ratios,air-gap lengths and shaft diameters by finite element method.Firstly,the effects of split-ratio towards the torque characteristics of the two motor structures under different air-gap lengths are researched,the results show that the optimal split-ratios of the two motor structures do not change under different air-gap lengths,and the optimal split-ratio of the double-stator motor is greater than that of single-stator,and the torque of the double-stator motor is greater than that of single-stator motor with arbitrary split-ratio under the same air-gap length;Finally,the effects of the shaft diameter to the torque of the two motor structures are investigated,obtaining that with the increasing of shaft diameter,the electromagnetic torque of the single-stator motor is almost unchanged,however,the torque of the double-stator is gradually reduced,when the shaft diameter reached a certain extent,the electromagnetic torque of the double-stator motor is smaller than that of single-stator motor with the split ratio within a certain range,and the torque/quality ratio of the double-stator motor is smaller than that of single-stator motor with their optimal split ratio separately.

基于FPGA的永磁同步电机SVPWM的数字电路设计

针对永磁同步电机矢量控制算法中的空间矢量脉冲宽度调制(Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation,SVPWM)在现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)中不能直接实现正余弦计算、无理数乘法的问题进行优化设计。设计了基于查表法和一次线性补偿的正余弦数值计算、有符号数的√3乘法计算模块,并使用Cyclone IV FPGA的硬件乘法器资源,对反Park变换、扇区判断和三相作用时间的计算进行了时序约束,对输入电机编码器数值、旋转坐标系的V_d和V_q参数经过进行计算,输出带死区功能的三相七段式PWM控制信号。在FPGA中实现SVPWM算法精度为3.0×10^(-5),计算时间为1.6μs,对比高性能STM32F429微处理器有一定优势,满足了永磁同步电机的矢量控制要求。

Encoderless Five-phase PMa-SynRM Drive System Based on Robust Torque-speed Estimator with Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control

In this paper,a robust torque speed estimator(RTSE)for linear parameter changing(LPC)system is proposed and designed for an encoderless five-phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor(5-phase PMa-SynRM).This estimator is utilized for estimating the rotor speed and the load torque as well as can solve the speed sensor fault problem,as the feedback speed information is obtained directly from the virtual sensor.In addition,this technique is able to enhance the 5-phase PMa-SynRM performance by estimating the load torque for the real time compensation.The stability analysis of the proposed estimator is performed via Schur complement along with Lyapunov analysis.Furthermore,for improving the 5-phase PMa-SynRM performance,five super-twisting sliding mode controllers(ST-SMCs)are employed with providing a robust response without the impacts of high chattering problem.A super-twisting sliding mode speed controller(ST-SMSC)is employed for controlling the PMa-SynRM rotor speed,and four super-twisting sliding mode current controllers(ST-SMCCs)are employed for controlling the 5-phase PMa-SynRM currents.The stability analysis and the experimental results indicate the effectiveness along with feasibility of the proposed RTSE and the ST-SMSC with ST-SMCCs approach for a 750-W 5-phase PMa-SynRM under load disturbance,parameters variations,single open-phase fault,and adjacent two-phase open circuit fault conditions.

Analysis of Direct Torque Control for Marine Five-Phase Induction Motor

Based on the principle of direct torque control,a DTC(Direct Torque Control)system with five-phase induction motor has been studied.Providing direct control of stator flux and electromagnetic torque by optimized voltage vector,five-phase induction motor enhances flexibility of the invert states selection by increasing the number of voltage vectors,resulting in more precise control of stator flux and electromagnetic torque.The model of DTC for five-phase induction motor is constructed on equations and the method of approximate circle of torque track is used to conduct the simulation analysis of the system.The simulation results demonstrate that the DTC for five-phase induction motor control has merits of little calculation compared with vector control,simple structure,fast response and greater dynamic performance.

Speed sensorless FCS-MPTC based on FOSM-MRAS five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor

For the two-level five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(FP-PMSM)drive system,an improved finite-control-set model predictive torque control(MPTC)strategy is adopted to reduce torque ripple and improve the control performance of the system.The mathematical model of model reference adaptive system(MRAS)of FP-PMSM is derived and a method based on fractional order sliding mode(FOSM)is proposed to construct the model reference adaptive system(FOSMMRAS)to improve the motor speed estimation accuracy and eliminate the sliding mode integral saturation effect.The simulation results show that the FP-PMSM speed sensorless FCS-MPTC system based on FOSM-MRAS has strong robustness,good dynamic performance and static performance,and high reliability.

基于FPGA的改进型SVPWM算法仿真与实现

在传统的电机控制算法中,三相空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)通常都是在数字信号处理器(DSP)中实现的,但DSP的串行执行特点在一些高性能控制场合或者特殊应用领域会限制算法性能的提升。为此,提出一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的改进型SVPWM算法。通过对传统七段式SVPWM算法进行简化处理,避免了复杂的三角函数和乘除运算,以适应FPGA的运算特点。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了该算法和逆变器的模型,并使用Verilog HDL硬件描述语言进行硬件实现。仿真波形和实验结果均证实了所提算法的正确性和有效性。该算法的实现为后期永磁同步电机的矢量闭环控制应用提供了必要基础。

永磁同步电机SVPWM矢量控制仿真研究

研究永磁同步电机的SVPWM矢量控制策略。首先分析了永磁同步电机数学模型,给出了SVPWM矢量控制算法,然后运用MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建SVPWM控制永磁同步电机仿真模型,得到电机的速度、转矩、电流仿真运行曲线,分析仿真结果表明SVPWM控制下的永磁同步电机具有良好的动态和稳态性能。

三相电压型逆变器SVPWM控制系统设计

三相电压型逆变器是电力电子领域中的重要研究方向,它在各种应用中具有广泛的用途,如可再生能源系统、电机驱动、电网互连等。其本原理包括将直流电源转换为交流电源。它通过控制开关器件的通断来调整输出交流电压的幅值和频率,从而实现电压型逆变。基于此,探讨了如何利用电力变换器来提高电能。重点关注电力变换器的电路,并通过实验来证明它的可靠性。使用DSPIC30F4012控制器来控制电路,并使用电力变换器的电路来实现变换。还分析了如何利用电力变换器的调制技术来提高电源的性能。在软件设计部分结合Matlab中的Simulink工具箱进行仿真,建立了三相半桥式电压源型逆变电路的仿真模型,并对其进行FFT分析。

基于三电平典型拓扑结构的SVPWM调制策略研究

当前,我国的新能源技术面临发电量受外界因素影响较大、电能不能稳定输出等问题,大功率变换器的使用是解决此问题的关键,多电平逆变器能够满足大功率变换器的高压大功率化需求。文章以T型三电平逆变器为研究对象,分析了其调制算法和中点电位平衡问题,并进行了仿真验证。根据空间矢量脉宽调制(Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation,SVPWM)算法的原理,文章分析了中点电位不平衡对空间电压矢量作用的不良影响。基于MATLAB/Simulink平台,文章搭建了仿真模型,仿真结果证明了三电平SVPWM算法对中点平衡控制策略的有效性。所提方法能够弥补原有算法操作复杂的不足,对三电平乃至多电平逆变器的工程应用具有促进作用。

T型光伏并网逆变器的七矢量SVPWM策略研究

针对两级式T型光伏并网逆变器出现开路故障后无法实现装置并网接入的问题,提出一种七矢量空间矢量脉冲宽度调制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)策略,并通过最优五段式方法简化了冗余矢量运算,减少了开关损耗,提高了直流母线电压的利用率。最后,搭建了50 kW两级式T型光伏并网逆变器的电路模型。测试结果表明,七矢量SVPWM策略保证了光伏逆变器具有较低的并网电流谐波含量以及良好的稳态性能,并在三相光伏逆变器任何一相电路发生开路故障时仍具备良好的并网接入能力,提高了光伏并网逆变系统的可靠性。

基于SVPWM算法的三电平矿用变频器的研究与仿真

随着电力电子技术的快速发展,大功率变频器在煤矿生产中得到了广泛应用。为了进一步提高变频器的节能和调速性能,在传统的三电平PWM的技术上,提出以一种空间矢量脉宽调制新算法的三电平逆变器模型,极大地简化了计算过程,减少了设备运行时的电能损耗。文章以三电平矿用变频器为目标,详细分析了SVPWM算法的调制过程,并基于理论分析的基础在MATLAB仿真软件中搭建了系统模型。

一种新的差值SVPWM调制方法

通过对传统SVPWM调制算法进行理论分析和算法推导,提出了一种新的差值SVPWM调制方法。该方法在每个控制周期内,直接采用三相电压差值来计算基本电压矢量作用时间,并由相电压之间从大到小排序来判定扇区,省去了传统实现方法中复杂的坐标矩阵变换、三角函数计算等矢量分解过程,简化了SVPWM算法步骤。进一步的仿真与实验,证明了该差值SVPWM算法正确、计算效率高、实时性强,节省CPU资源。