CFD simulation of propeller and rudder performance when using additional thrust fins

To analyse a possible way to improve the propulsion performance of ships,the unstructured grid and the Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes equations were used to calculate the performance of a propeller and rudder fitted with additional thrust fins in the viscous flow field.The computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used to simulate the thrust and torque coefficient as a function of the advance coefficient of propeller and the thrust efficiency of additional thrust fins. The pressure and velocity flow behind the propeller was calculated. The geometrical nodes of the propeller were constituted by FORTRAN program and the NUMBS method was used to create a configuration of the propeller,which was then used by GAMMBIT to generate the calculation model. The thrust efficiency of fins was calculated as a function of the number of additional fins and the attack angles. The results of the calculations agree fairly well with experimental data,which shows that the viscous flow solution we present is useful in simulating the performance of propellers and rudders with additional fins.

Hydrodynamic Performance Analysis of Propeller-rudder System with the Rudder Parameters Changing

In order to study the effects of geometric parameters of the rudder on the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller-rudder system,the surface panel method is used to build the numerical model of the steady interaction between the propeller and rudder to analyze the relevant factors.The interaction between the propeller and rudder is considered through the induced velocities,which are circumferentially averaged,so the unsteady problem is translated to steady state.An iterative calculation method is used until the hydrodynamic performance converges.Firstly,the hydrodynamic performance of the chosen propeller-rudder system is calculated,and the comparison between the calculated results and the experimental data indicates that the calculation program is reliable.Then,the variable parameters of rudder are investigated,and the calculation results show that the propeller-rudder spacing has a negative relationship with the efficiency of the propeller-rudder system,and the rudder span has an optimal match range with the propeller diameter.Futhermore,the rudder chord and thickness both have a positive correlation with the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller-rudder system.

Numerical Evaluation of Rudder Performance Behind a Propeller in Bollard Pull Condition

Correct evaluation of rudder performance is a key issue in assessing ship maneuverability.This paper presents a simplified approach based on a viscous flow solver to address propeller and rudder interactions.Viscous flow solvers have been applied to this type of problems,but the large computational requests limit(or even prevent)their application at a preliminary ship design stage.Based on this idea,a simplified approach to include the propeller effect in front of the rudder is considered to speed up the solution.Based on the concept of body forces,this approach enables sufficiently fast computation for a preliminary ship design stage,therebymaintaining its reliability.To define the limitations of the proposed procedure,an extensive analysis of the simplified method is performed and the results are compared with experimental data presented in the literature.Initially,the reported results show the capability of the body-force approach to represent the inflow field to the rudder without the full description of the propeller,also with regard to the complex bollard pull condition.Consequently,the rudder forces are satisfactorily predicted at least with regard to the lift force.However,the drag force evaluation ismore problematic and causes higher discrepancies.Nevertheless,these discrepancies may be accepted due to their lower influence on the overall ship maneuverability performance.

Numerical Study on Flow Around Modern Ship Hulls with Rudder-Propeller Interactions

Reducing the fuel consumption of ships presents both economic and environmental gains. Although in the past decades,extensive studies were carried out on the flow around ship hull, it is still difficult to calculate the flow around the hull while considering propeller interaction. In this paper, the viscous flow around modern ship hulls is computed considering propeller action. In this analysis, the numerical investigation of flow around the ship is combined with propeller theory to simulate the hull-propeller interaction. Various longitudinal positions of the rudder are also analyzed to determine the effect of rudder position on propeller efficiency. First, a numerical study was performed around a bare hull using Shipflow computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code to determine free-surface wave elevation and resistance components.A zonal approach was applied to successively incorporate Bpotential flow solver^ in the region outside the boundary layer and wake, Bboundary layer solver^ in the thin boundary layer region near the ship hull, and BNavier-Stokes solver^in the wake region. Propeller open water characteristics were determined using an open-source MATLAB code Open Prop, which is based on the lifting line theory, for the moderately loaded propeller. The obtained open water test results were specified in the flow module of Shipflow for self-propulsion tests. The velocity field behind the ship was recalculated into an effective wake and given to the propeller code that calculates the propeller load. Once the load was known, it was transferred to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver to simulate the propeller action. The interaction between the hull and propeller with different rudder positions was then predicted to improve the propulsive efficiency.

Thrust Allocation Optimization in Dynamic Positioning Vessels with Main PropellerRudders

In order to deal with the chattering of rudder angle and the problem of non-convex attainable thrust regions,introduce the concept of dynamic attainable region for each thruster and rudder to limit the thruster rotational speed and the rudder angle,and decompose the thrust allocation optimization problem into several optimization sub-problems.The optimization sub-problems were solved by particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm.Simulation studies with comparisons on a model ship were carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed thrust allocation optimization method.

不同航速下螺旋桨对船舶操纵水动力的影响研究

通过数学模型进行船舶操纵性预报是常用的方法,以往的约束模试验通常仅在设计航速下进行,且MMG船舶操纵运动模型通常认为螺旋桨对船舶操纵水动力的影响可以忽略。但船舶在实际操纵运动的过程中航速会发生很大变化,螺旋桨对船舶操纵水动力的影响可能变得不可忽略,因此有必要开展相关船舶操纵水动力的研究。以KVLCC2为研究对象,对其裸船体、船-舵、船-桨和船-桨-舵系统分别进行不同航速下的约束模试验数值模拟,研究了不同航速下螺旋桨对船舶操纵水动力的影响。研究结果表明:螺旋桨对船舶操纵水动力的影响不可忽略,该影响随着船舶航速的减小而增大,但舵的存在会减弱其影响;螺旋桨对舵效有着较大影响,该影响随着船舶航速的减小也会明显增大。因此在进行船舶操纵性研究时,有必要进行非设计航速下的相关约束模试验。

对转舵桨水动力性能研究

对转舵桨兼有操纵性能良好和推进效率高的特点,在科考船、海洋工程船等船型上有一定数量的应用。该文采用改进的延迟分离涡模拟方法模拟了对转舵桨的敞水性能,并与模型试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明:设计工况推进单元的推力系数与转矩系数数值模拟误差在3%以内,满足工程精度要求。通过不同舵角下的敞水模型试验发现,舵角对前桨敞水性能影响较小,而对后桨影响较大,案例中约2.5°舵角时推进单元横向力为0。通过空泡模型试验,观察立柱对前桨梢涡形态的影响,发现前桨梢涡与后桨桨叶及后桨梢涡相遇使该位置的空泡现象显著增强。基于对转舵桨各部分相互影响关系,引入诱导速度修正系数,将对转舵桨的桨叶设计问题转化为给定来流条件的桨叶设计问题。

某全回转救助拖船船体结构振动分析

针对全回转救助拖船在螺旋桨最大转速时出现的船体结构振动问题,通过实船振动测试分析,判断引起船体结构振动的激励源来自艉部螺旋桨,而螺旋桨激励引起船体结构强迫振动和共振。在采取船艉结构加强,敷设阻尼减振材料的方法进行振动控制后,实船测试表明,船体结构振动速度最大降低7.23 mm/s。

某平台供应船CPP舵桨装置应用

CPP舵桨是一种新型的可调螺距螺旋桨的Z型传动装置,螺旋桨的推力方向可在水平面内任意改变,且可实现其推力大小与其方向合理配合,改进了船舶传统推进装置结构形式,大幅提升了船舶的操纵性和灵活性,适用性强,市场应用前景广。文章以某57 m海上平台供应船的轴系布置与设计为例,阐述CPP全回转舵桨推进装置的结构特点、性能,以及其在海上平台的应用,并根据船舶布置要求对轴系布置进行优化设计,满足了海上平台供应船对机动性及操纵性的要求。

舵几何特征对桨−舵系统尾流场演化的影响

发生在桨和舵之间的干扰会影响螺旋桨尾流的演化,导致尾流场中的湍流在下游增强,恶化船舶的振动和噪声性能,深入分析舵几何参数对桨−舵系统尾流场演化的影响能够为推进器尾流场的调节和减振降噪提供新思路.因此,从弦长、剖面和梯形舵入手分析不同的舵几何参数对螺旋桨尾流场演化特性的影响,使用大漩涡模拟方法模拟流场中的湍流结构,对不同舵弦长、剖面下的螺旋桨尾涡结构演化进行了分析,在舵弦长、剖面影响螺旋桨尾流场演化的研究的基础上分析了梯形舵对螺旋桨尾涡结构的影响,进一步分析了梯形舵影响下的螺旋桨尾流场中湍动能的分布.结果表明舵的弦长和剖面均会影响螺旋桨尾流场的演化,这种影响表现为更大的弦长和更厚的剖面会促进螺旋桨梢涡在舵压力面上的偏移,更薄的舵剖面会带来更强烈的螺旋桨毂涡偏移;涡管轮廓和舵表面脉动压力的对比均表明梯形舵会促进螺旋桨尾流场沿逆舵梯度方向偏移,从而导致螺旋桨的尾涡结构在舵两侧及下游呈现不对称分布,桨−舵系统下游的湍流结构与螺旋桨尾涡−舵碰撞过程、螺旋桨尾涡−舵随边涡干扰过程、螺旋桨梢涡−螺旋桨毂涡干扰有关,偏移更大的螺旋桨尾涡结构会在尾流场中更早地引起湍动能增强.

螺旋桨对船舶操纵运动水动力影响的数值研究

船-桨-舵相互作用是影响船舶操纵性能的重要因素之一。本文采用RANS方程求解方法并结合SST k-ω湍流模型,计及自由面兴波影响,螺旋桨用体积力法建模,数值模拟了带桨、舵的全附体集装箱船KCS船模的舵力试验、斜拖试验。为研究螺旋桨对操纵运动水动力的影响,分别对带螺旋桨和不带螺旋桨的船-舵系统进行计算,对比了船模水动力随漂角、舵角的变化情况。研究结果表明:带螺旋桨的船-舵系统的水动力和力矩对舵角的变化更加敏感;螺旋桨的运转主要增大了船艉部的横向力;在舵力试验和带舵角的斜拖试验中,螺旋桨对横向力、转艏力矩有显著的影响。

船舶对转舵桨推进系统加速控制方法仿真

为在柴油机负荷允许范围内最大限度地挖掘船舶加速的机动性,基于Matlab/Simulink模块化仿真工具,建立某保障船“双柴油机-双对转舵桨”推进系统仿真模型,在利用实船稳态试航数据验证模型准确性的基础上,提出匀加速、变加速、分段加速3种增加柴油机转速控制方法,进行加速过程仿真和机动性分析。结果表明:采用匀加速,柴油机转速保持一定加速率稳步增长,在前期柴油机负荷冗余度较大;采用y=a√x+b作为柴油机转速设定函数的变加速,前期加速快、后期加速慢,使航速增加速度较匀加速过程提高约47%~60%,但实际操控存在一定难度;采用分段加速,将全过程分解为多段不同加速率的匀加速过程,给出按照常用车令挡位分段匀加速控制方法,可操作性较强。

基于最大舵阻力减额的扭曲舵设计及性能分析(英文)

扭曲舵的应用能提高推进装置的效率,文章采用了面元法来计算螺旋桨对舵的影响从而获得了不同舵剖面上的来流攻角,然后以最大附加推力为目的对舵剖面进行扭转,采用迭代处理计算了螺旋桨与桨后扭曲舵的相互干扰的水动力性能。并对设计出的扭曲舵进行了改良,将舵导边及其前缘进行扭转。计算结果表明,扭曲舵减小了压差阻力使得舵的总阻力减小,改善了舵的水动力性能,提高了桨舵系统效率;改良后的舵可更好地适应来流,同时减小了舵的摆动幅度,解决了由于叶剖面大幅摆动带来的问题。

四桨两舵推进系统的水动力干扰研究

利用较为简捷的扰动速度势的基本积分方程,从解面元法的基本积分方程得到偶极强度,直接求得流场中的速度势分布;为避免在物面上数值求导,用Yanagizawa方法求得物面上的速度分布并通过Bernoulli方程计算桨舵的压力分布,以此计算桨舵的升力系数等宏观量,再通过迭代的方式考虑桨舵的相互影响。通过对某大型舰船的四桨两舵推进系统的水动力所进行的分析研究得到了一些有益的结果。

襟翼舵的敞水及桨后水动力性能研究

采用面元法对螺旋桨与襟翼舵相互干扰水动力性能进行计算,两者之间的相互干扰采用迭代处理.计算了敞水中襟翼舵与普通舵的法向力系数,并与试验值进行了比较.敞水计算结果显示,与普通舵相比,襟翼舵的法向力系数有了较大的提高,同时襟翼舵的转舵比对于襟翼舵水动力性能的影响比较大.在敞水襟翼舵的基础上,计算了螺旋桨与襟翼舵相互干扰的水动力性能.与敞水襟翼舵相比,桨后襟翼舵在相同舵角的情况下,法向力系数增大,但增加的幅度不同.还计算了襟翼舵在转舵比为1/4、进速系数为0.5时襟翼舵某剖面在敞水及桨后的表面压力系数分布情况.

桨后扭曲舵的理论设计及水动力性能计算

采用面元法计算了螺旋桨与舵之间相互干扰的水动力性能并在此基础上设计出扭曲舵,采用迭代处理计算了螺旋桨与桨后扭曲舵相互干扰的定常水动力性能.在计算面元的影响系数时,应用了Morino导出的解析计算公式,以加快数值的计算速度.分析比较了不同进数系数时,普通舵与扭曲舵的助推效率.对于两者在不同进数系数下的操舵力矩进行了比较,与普通舵相比扭曲舵并未使船舶的操舵力矩恶化.计算结果表明,该设计的扭曲舵与普通舵相比可以产生附加推力,能够吸收螺旋桨的尾流动能起到助推节能的作用,最大助推效率可以达到3%.

抗空化扭曲舵的设计及其水动力性能分析

通过面元法计算螺旋桨尾流场,根据螺旋桨尾流场对扭曲舵各剖面的几何攻角进行设计,提出了抗空化扭曲舵的设计方法;采用计算流体动力学方法评价舵的水动力性能,并经过拖曳水池的舵力测量试验加以验证.结果表明,在不同的航速和舵角条件下,与普通舵相比,扭曲舵的负压力系数峰值明显较小,从而大幅提高了舵的抗空化性能,降低了舵的空化剥蚀和由舵产生空泡所引起的振动噪声.由于扭曲舵与螺旋桨的尾流匹配良好,在舵角为0°时,扭曲舵叶背的压力系数分布与叶面的压力系数分布基本重合,因而显著减小了直航时舵上的横向力和舵轴力矩,有利于舵和舵机的受力.

扭曲舵空化起始航速分析

针对水面中高速舰船舵的空化问题,研究了普通舵和扭曲舵的空化特性,比较了两种舵的空化起始航速。通过CFD方法,对桨后舵水动力性能进行了数值计算,得到普通舵和扭曲舵的在各种工况、各种舵角条件下的压力分布特性,通过考查两种舵的压力分布特性,对普通舵和扭曲舵的空化起始航速进行了计算评估。结果显示:在各航速各舵角下,扭曲舵的压力降峰值比普通舵明显减小,可以大幅提高舵的空化起始航速,在舰船0舵角直航时,扭曲舵的空化起始航速可以提高5.9 kn。因此扭曲舵可以减小舵上空化剥蚀和振动,对舵的使用寿命和舰船的隐身性是有利的。

浅水效应对螺旋桨轴承力的影响分析

为了分析浅水条件对螺旋桨轴承力的影响,本文采用RANS方法和VOF模型,对计及自由液面的KCS船桨舵一体系统开展了不同吃水条件下螺旋桨非定常轴承力的数值预报分析。首先计算了深水(h/T=20)工况下的螺旋桨轴承力,通过与试验结果对比,验证了网格划分方法和计算方法的可行性。然后在此基础上进行了不同吃水工况下螺旋桨非定常力计算,监测发现螺旋桨非定常轴承力随时间周期性脉动,浅水条件下螺旋桨轴承力时均值明显大于深水工况。经快速傅里叶变换得到轴承力脉动幅值,分析得出:当h/T<3时,脉动幅值随水深增加迅速减小;当h/T>3时,水深变化对脉动幅值影响较小。

可回转双桨船舶的等效舵效模型

常规船舶通过操舵获得舵效来控制船舶航向,而对于可回转双桨船舶,由于桨-舵合一,船舶的回转运动依靠双桨的回转或双桨的推力差所产生的舵效完成。针对这种取消了常规舵的可回转双桨的船舶运动,根据船舶分离型运动建模方法,建立了可回转双桨船舶的运动方程及其在船舶纵荡、横荡和艏摇3个自由度上的作用力;通过分析船舶常规舵受力情况,并与可回转双桨船舶回转力进行比较,提出可回转双桨船舶等效舵效的概念,导出了可回转双桨作用下的船舶等效舵效模型。对可回转双桨船舶在此等效舵模型下的运动状态进行了数值仿真,对比了不同舵效下船舶运动的差异,验证了可回转双桨船舶等效舵效模型的有效性。