Changes and Adjustments:The Rule of Law Response to Medical Institution Data Compliance

Medical institution data compliance is an exogenous product of the digital society,serving as a crucial means to maintain and balance the relationship between data protection and data sharing,as well as individual interests and public interests.The implementation of the Healthy China Initiative greatly benefits from its practical significance.In practice,data from medical institutions takes varied forms,including personally identifiable data collected before diagnosis and treatment,clinical medical data generated during diagnosis and treatment,medical data collected in public health management,and potential medical data generated in daily life.In the new journey of comprehensively promoting the Chinese path to modernization,it is necessary to clarify the shift from an individual-oriented to a societal-oriented value system,highlighting the reinforcing role of the trust concept.Guided by the principle of minimizing data utilization,the focus is on the new developments and changes in medical institution data in the postpandemic era.This involves a series of measures such as fulfilling the obligation of notification and consent,specifying the scope of data collection and usage,strengthening the standardized use of relevant technical measures,and establishing a sound legal responsibility system for data compliance.Through these measures,a flexible and efficient medical institution data compliance system can be constructed.

Application and Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Technology Inheritance in Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations in Medical Institutions

Medical institution preparations play an important role in the development of hospitals,being one of the main forms of traditional Chinese medicine clinical characteristic medication,as well as an important carrier for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine.In recent years,the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has become a hot spot in the research and development of preparations by medical institutions.Traditional Chinese medicine preparations prepared by traditional processes and their entrusted preparation matters have changed from the current licensing management to filing management.The registration model of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has undergone significant changes,emphasizing more on real data and evaluation results from the objective world,respecting traditional medication experience,and emphasizing the inheritance and innovative development of traditional technological experience.In the process of following teachers in the inheritance project of traditional Chinese medicine,we combined the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine characteristic technology with the research and development practice of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions,and focused on the analysis and discussion of technical problems such as prescription screening,dosage form selection,process route design and clinical observation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations,hoping to provide reference for scholars in the same field of traditional Chinese medicine.

A Survey on the Continuing Education Status and Demand of Nurses in Chongqing Grass-Root Medical Institutions

Background: With the increased aging of population, the continuous increase in the morbidity of chronic diseases, and the issuance of universal two-child policy, the grass-root medical teams become more and more important. Objective: To investigate the continuing education status and demand of nurses in the grass-root medical institutions and thus provide a reference for optimizing the continuing education plan. Methods: From October 2018 to May 2019, a survey of 270 nurses from 28 grass-root medical institutions in Tongliang District of Chongqing was performed using a self-designed questionnaire. Results: In the grass-root medical institutions, the major continuing education pattern of nurses was hospital training and distance education;the continuing education focused on new basic theoretical knowledge and new nursing techniques, and its satisfaction was 67.8%. About 20.6% questionnaire answerers never had received continuing nursing education. As shown by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and binary logistic regression analysis, the following factors were associated with the continuing education participation in the past three years: work unit, organizational affiliation, age, professional title and hospital policies. There were 93.0% questionnaire answerers reflecting that it was necessary to participate in the continuing education and wishing the conformance between the pattern and contents of continuing nursing education and the actual implementation status. Conclusion: The continuing education demand of nurses in the grass-root medical institutions is basic but diverse, and the organizations shall provide effective policy support for continuing education and make the diversified training plan by combining Internet technology, so as to realize the maximization of continuing education participation and keep improving the overall service quality of gross-root nurses.

Foreign Public Medical Institution Reform Experience and Lesson

Public medical institution reform is entering a crucial stage, it＇ s difficult but important. This paper enumerates several public medical institution reform successful countries such as Singapore, the United States, Britain＇s reform measures, in order to pass the mature experience of western countries for reference, based on China＇s national conditions, find the reasonable reform. Hope can stimulate public hospitals on diversified reform attempt of stakeholders to invest more resources, create more value, let the state and the public get bigger interest. In the end, improve the national medical and health undertakings.

Medical Information Breaches Occurrence with Respect to Social Media Usage, in Selected Medical Institutions in Uganda

The purpose of this manuscript is to present research findings based on the reported cases of medical information breaches due to Social Media (SM) usage, in selected medical institutions in Uganda. The study employed online survey techniques. Altogether, 710 questionnaires (Google forms) were developed, and operationalized. The main respondents included 566 medical students, and 143 medical staff from Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), and Kampala International University (KIU), accordingly. Using SPSS, the main statistical analysis tools employed include frequency distribution summary, and Chi-square (x2) test. According to the frequency distribution summary, 27% to 42% of the respondents within categorical divides acknowledged occurrence of medical information breaches due to SM usage. Notably, higher levels of the breaches were reported among male students (64%), age-group 18 to 35 years (68%), and WhatsApp users (63%). On the other hand, Chi-square results showed significant levels (p p > 0.05) between medical institutions and medical information breaches. Overall, the vulnerable areas of the breaches identified would serve as important reference points in the process of rationalizing SM usage in medical institutions. Nevertheless, further studies could focus on identification of the key SM usage factors associated with medical information breaches in medical institutions in Uganda.

Research on Aging Design of Living Space in Medical and Nursing Institutions

Aging design principle of living space in medical and nursing institutions is taken as the basis.Coming the principles of ergonomics,rehabilitation medicine and gerontology,possibility of using living space in the medical and nursing institutions dominant by the mediating elderly and supplemented by the self-care elderly is explored,and different scales of living space are deduced.Moreover,the rationality of the room layout is compared and analyzed under the relevant scale,and layout of aging room in medical and nursing institutions is summarized.The research aims to provide the reference for deeply studying future design of living space in medical and nursing institutions.

Investigation of Cognition Status of Menopausal Hormone Therapy in Medical Institutions Staff

Objective:To investigate the cognition,application and commendation of menopausal hormone therapy(MHT)among medical institution staff with different professional background.Methods:Female staff aged 40-60 years in 4 tertiary hospitals were randomly selected.The participants'characteristics and the information of cognition,application and recommendation of MHT were collected by questionnaire.Results:A total of 341 people participated in this study,the cognition rate of MHT was 37%and the recommendation rate was 44%.For people with indications of MHT,the utilization rate is 15%,and 84.6%of them have used MHT for less than 3 years.84.6%of those who did not use MHT considered menopause is not a disease and there was no need to use medication.Compared with nurses,doctors know more about MHT(P<0.01),and MHT recommendation rate of doctors was higher than that of nurses(P<0.01).The cognition of MHT were analyzed in menopause group,irregular menstruation group and regular menstruation group,there was no difference was found among these three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Strengthening the training of MHT related knowledge in medical institutions,will be helpful to improve the cognition and utilization rate of medical institutions and promote the whole society to study and use MHT.

Sampling Investigation of the Price Distribution of Pharmaceutical Preparations in Medical Institutions of Sichuan Province

[Objectives] To survey the current using situation and price distribution of pharmaceutical preparations in medical institutions of Sichuan Province,to provide basis for pricing the pharmaceutical preparations in medical institutions. [Methods] From June to September2016,15 sample hospitals were selected from Ⅱ-B class,Ⅱ-A class,Ⅲ-B class and Ⅲ-A class hospitals,and questionnaire survey was adopted to survey the current situation of pharmaceutical preparations in medical institutions,and 24 effective questionnaires were collected.SPASS17. 0 software was used to analyze the data of the questionnaires. [Results]The pharmaceutical preparations in medical institutions between 10 and 15 yuan accounted for 35%,which was the biggest percentage. The second was between 5 and 10 yuan,which accounted for 25%. [Conclusions] Most of the pharmaceutical preparations in medical institutions of Sichuan Province are in the low price,and floating rate price adjustment mechanism is suggested.

Exploration on the Implementation of the Integration of Medical and Preventive Model in China’s Primary Health Care Institutions

Objective To explore the different modes and approaches of medical and preventive integration in current primary health care institutions in China.Methods Through literature analysis,field research,telephone interviews,and other methods the implementation status was evaluated to systematically study the main experience and effect of implementing medical and preventive integration services in pilot areas.Results and Conclusion At present,there are three implementation modes of medical-prevention integration,namely,vertical mode based on the medical community,internal mode with optimized service process,and internal mode with great service capabilities.The three medical-prevention integration modes have their respective focuses,but they need to be further improved in terms of policy support,technical staffing,information system construction,and drug use.

Quality Medical Services at Doorway——Beijing's community-based medical institutions

For years suffering from hypertension, Mrs. Zhang, now in her 60s, is a frequent visitor to Beijing Dewai Community Hospital in her neighborhood.＂I feel too painstaking to go to a ＇big hospital,＇＂ she says. ＂Buses are always overcrowded and slow, not suitable for people like me. Besides, community-based medical institutions charge less for treatment of the same diseases.＂

Medical School Students’ Knowledge of Pain and Palliative Care: An Observational Study

Background: Pain and palliative care are a reality in daily routines of medical treatment. However, the theoretical-practical curricula of traditional medical school course still unsatisfactorily contemplate pain management, as well as the palliative care approach. Objective: To assess the knowledge of medical students about pain and palliative care, as well as to identify their perception of teaching these topics during hospitalization. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study, with a descriptive and exploratory approach, data collection for which was carried out between August and November 2020. The target population was medical students, who responded to an online survey of a quantitative, anonymous and follow-up nature. The survey study variables concerned knowledge about pain management and palliative care. Results: An expressive majority of academics showed difficulty in understanding the pathophysiology of pain related to prescribing drugs for pain management purposes, and all of them believe that it is necessary to acquire more knowledge about pain treatment. In parallel, only 9.3% report having received sufficient information regarding palliative care during medical school. Conclusion: The results suggest a certain lack of knowledge and insecurity among medical school students with respect to pain management and care for patients receiving palliative care. The didactical approach to this theme is still deficient in the medical curriculum and requires immediate improvement and new proposals that address the training of these professionals in a more specific and effective way.

Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital

Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (TMUCIH) is the birthplace of Oncology in China. It has a history of more than a hundred years and has become one of the most famous modernized cancer hospitals worldwide. It is also one of the largest bases for cancer prevention, treatment, training and research in China.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Malaysia: A Brief Historical Overview of the Institutions

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in British Malaya developed concurrently with the influx of Chinese immigrants.To cater for tins growing community,Chinese medical halls which sell Chinese herbs were established in major townships.Consultation and various TCM treatments were also offered by contract TCM practitioners in some of these medical halls.As the needs for TCM services continued to grow,dedicated TCM institutions were set up subsequently.The establishment of these institutions marked the beginning of professional TCM services in the history of Malaysia.

Association between availability of glucose-lowering drugs in primary health institutions and diabetes patients’medication adherence:a cross-sectional study in Shandong Province,China

Background:Primary health care system is a critical component of diabetes care and management.This article aimed to analyze the availability of glucose-lowering drugs in primary health institutions(PHIs)in China,and to explore the relationship between availability of glucose-lowering drugs and medication adherence among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.Methods:This cross-sectional study conducted in Shandong Province,eastern China(hereafter referred to as Shandong),between August and December 2017.In total,2520 community-managed T2DM patients were selected from 68 PHIs in Shandong,including 62 village-level and 6 township-level PHIs.The self-developed questionnaire was used to survey the availability of glucose-lowering drugs in PHIs.Patients’medication adherence was assessed by four self-reported questions,and was classified as either adherent or non-adherent.Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the availability of glucose-lowering drugs in PHIs and the medication adherence among the T2DM patients.Multilevel logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between the availability of glucose-lowering drugs in PHIs and patients’medication adherence.Results:A total of 1866 T2DM patients prescribed with at least one glucose-lowering drug were included in analysis.Among them,58.5%patients followed their antidiabetic treatment well.In village-level PHIs,the patient’s adherence rate was lower than in township-level PHIs(55.9%vs.61.1%,P<0.05).Among the 68 PHIs,average(2.53±0.97)glucose-lowering products(generic names)were available,which in village-level PHIs were less than in township-level PHIs(2.47 vs.3.17,P<0.05).And the number of available glucose-lowering products in PHIs was associated with the adherence of T2DM patients.Conclusion:Poor availability of glucose-lowering products was found in PHIs in Shandong.The availability of glucose-lowering products in PHIs was positively associated with patients’medication adherence,and could be enhanced to improve the control of diabetes in primary care settings.

The Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,PLA General Hospital (national key academic unit) The PLA Institute of Otolaryngology (PLA key laboratory for acoustic trauma) The PLA Medical College Department of Deafness Education Key Laboratory

Led by four generations of leadership from late Prof.JIANG Sichang(academician,Chinese Academy of Engineering),Prof.YANG Weiyan(Honorary President,Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Chinese Medical Association),Prof.HAN Dongyi(President Elected,Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Chinese Medical Association)to now Prof.YANG Shiming(President,Division of Otolaryngologists,

Investigation and Analysis of Rural Medical Waste Management

Objective: The aim is to understand the status of rural medical waste management and problems and to make recommendations. Methods: The questionnaire survey, interviews and comparative analysis are used. Results: Compared with urban medical waste management, rural medical waste management is weaker in classification, unified recycle, disposals, protect measures of related personnel, regulations and policies of awareness. Conclusion: It is recommended to improve policies and regulations of rural medical waste management, strengthen rural infrastructures and facilities, improve supervision and innovates means of supervision.

Medical Waste Management in China: A Case Study of Xinxiang

Due to medical waste’s infection and hazard, it can cause potential environmental and public health risks, so medical waste management is of great importance especially in developing countries. The objective of the study was to analyze and assess current status of medical waste management in the light of semi-structured interview in medical institutions and the medical waste disposal centre. As a medium-sized city of China and its respective nature, Xinxiang was selected as the case study. In order to significantly improve eco-efficiency of medical waste management (MWM) and minimize the environmental risks, this paper identified key factors determining the implementation of MWM on the basis of the local realities and situations of medical waste, and then an integrated MWM system was developed. Such the regulations should be improved;MWM database platform should be strengthened;unified coordination ability of the MWM should be developed;and a suitable rural recycling network should be set up.

Medical Malpractice:A Comparative Perspective Between China and the United States

At the beginning of the 1970s,the United States turned onto the winding road of medical malpractice compensation.With the goal of properly dealing with this issue,the United States embarked on a process of continuous reform.In recent years,the number of disputes over medical malpractice liabilities in China has increased considerably.However,dealing with these disputes in accordance with the provisions of the current law is not going smoothly,and maybe we can learn from the experiences of the United States.The relevant measures for the solutions to medical malpractice in the United States and China will be analyzed from a comparative perspective.These include enactments of medical malpractice,the classification of medical malpractice,the doctrine of liability fixation,the burden of proof,the criterion of judging negligence,the liability subject,the authentication system,expert witnesses,standards of compensation,and suggested reforms in the system of the medical malpractice liability,including stipulating the medical malpractice liability of administration in the Civil Code,optimizing the criteria of recognizing negligence,applying organizational fault liability,establishing pilot projects of no-fault medical liability,developing an open mechanism for medical malpractice disclosures and improving the capacity to deal with medical chaos.

On Rural Medical Care and Health Undertaking Development during New Medical Reform

Based on in-depth survey of township hospitals in Lushan County of Henan Province, this paper studies the development situations of rural medical care and health undertaking in the course of new medical reform. Results show that both rural medical institution and public health undertaking have considerable development in this course. Working capital situation gradually turns better. However, there are still problems and challenge of shortage of high quality medical care personnel, lack of employment mechanism, poor medical environment, and imperfect bidding and purchasing system of medicines. To further develop rural medical situation, it should improve medical environment, speed up informationization construction, and give prominence to functional orientation.