Cyclocarya paliurus is widely distributed in subtropical areas of China.Secondary metabolites in the leaves,including flavonoids and triterpenoids,provide protection against diseases such as hyperlipidemia,diabetes,hy...Cyclocarya paliurus is widely distributed in subtropical areas of China.Secondary metabolites in the leaves,including flavonoids and triterpenoids,provide protection against diseases such as hyperlipidemia,diabetes,hypertension,and hypoimmunity.In this study,343 C.paliurus leaves were collected from 32 distinct populations covering most of the main distribution,to deduce the response of flavonoids and triterpenoids to seven environmental factors.Principal component analysis was performed using seven flavonoid and six triterpenoid compounds.The results show that altitude,latitude,and longitude significantly contributed to variations in total flavonoid and triterpenoid contents.In addition,the interaction of these metabolites was extensively correlated with environment changes,and therefore should be considered during selection and cultivation.展开更多
Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus(AMM),a member of the Leguminosae,is one of the most important medicinal plants worldwide.The dried roots of AMM have a wide range of pharmacological effects and are a traditiona...Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus(AMM),a member of the Leguminosae,is one of the most important medicinal plants worldwide.The dried roots of AMM have a wide range of pharmacological effects and are a traditional Chinese medicine.Here,we report the first chromosome-level reference genome of AMM,comprising nine pseudochromosomes with a total size of 1.47 Gb and 27868 protein-encoding genes.Comparative genomic analysis reveals that AMM has not experienced an independent wholegenome duplication(WGD)event after the WGD event shared by the Papilionoideae species.Analysis of long terminal repeat retrotransposons suggests a recent burst of these elements at approximately 0.13 million years ago,which may explain the large size of the AMM genome.Multiple gene families involved in the biosynthesis of triterpenoids and flavonoids were expanded,and our data indicate that tandemduplication has been the main driver for expansion of these families.Among the expanded families,the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family was primarily expressed in the roots of AMM,suggesting their roles in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds.The functional versatility of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase genes in cluster Ⅲ may play a critical role in the diversification of triterpenoids in AMM.Our findings provide novel insights into triterpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis and can facilitate future research on the genetics and medical applications of AMM.展开更多
Background:The male reproductive system consists of the testes,epididymis,accessory gonads,and genital ducts.The physiological integrity of the testicles is essential for successful sperm production,but the testes are...Background:The male reproductive system consists of the testes,epididymis,accessory gonads,and genital ducts.The physiological integrity of the testicles is essential for successful sperm production,but the testes are susceptible to a variety of exogenous and endogenous toxins,which can lead to structural damage to tissues and sperm abnormalities.Spermatogenesis is always in a homeostatic process and is sensitive to changes in the external environment.Huperzia serrata flavonoids(HSF)have a variety of pharmacological effects,including the treatment of bruises,strains,etc.HSF can improve the reproductive function of male mice,so the purpose of this experiment is to explore whether huperzine flavonoids are involved in and regulate the male reproductive process.Methods:Our experimental animals were ICR mice,and samples were collected after 28 days of HSF treatment,and verified by a series of experimental methods such as immunofluorescence,immunohistochemistry,HE staining,protein hybridization,and screening of related genes.Results:RNA sequencing results showed that HSF up-regulated genes related to sperm development and differentiation in testes and promoted spermatogenesis.HSF is effective in promoting steroid hormone synthesis by modulating STAR,CYP11A1,and CYP17A1.Conclusion:Thus,HSF can regulate testicular gene expression,stabilize the gut microbiome,alter serum metabolites,and regulate steroid homeostasis.展开更多
Terpenoids with quinoid structures are found as natural products. This includes steroidal quinones, quinones with a secosteroid structure and meroterpenoid quinones. Importantly, catechol estrogens as endogenous metab...Terpenoids with quinoid structures are found as natural products. This includes steroidal quinones, quinones with a secosteroid structure and meroterpenoid quinones. Importantly, catechol estrogens as endogenous metabolites of estradiol and estrone are precursors of reactive quinones and semiquinones, which are thought to contribute to estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. On the other hand, a number of quinones that include substituted naphthoquinones and anthraquinones are highly cytotoxic and have been used in cancer treatment. This makes the structures interesting synthetic targets. The following is a review of important natural and synthetic terpenoid and steroid quinone hybrids.展开更多
菝葜来源于百合科植物菝葜(Smilax China L.)的干燥根茎,含有丰富的甾体皂苷、黄酮、苯丙烷类和芪类等成分,以利湿去浊、祛风除痹,解毒散瘀的功效为人所知。菝葜具有较好的抗炎、调节糖脂代谢、抗氧化等生物活性,具有很高的药用价值。...菝葜来源于百合科植物菝葜(Smilax China L.)的干燥根茎,含有丰富的甾体皂苷、黄酮、苯丙烷类和芪类等成分,以利湿去浊、祛风除痹,解毒散瘀的功效为人所知。菝葜具有较好的抗炎、调节糖脂代谢、抗氧化等生物活性,具有很高的药用价值。本文通过查阅近年来相关文献,对菝葜的化学成分及药理作用进行了系统的阐述,为菝葜在药品开发和利用中提供了充足的理论依据,以期进一步推动中药菝葜产业的健康、稳定、可持续发展。展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grants No.BK 20160926)the Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Project from the State Forestry Administration of China[2017(08)]the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Cyclocarya paliurus is widely distributed in subtropical areas of China.Secondary metabolites in the leaves,including flavonoids and triterpenoids,provide protection against diseases such as hyperlipidemia,diabetes,hypertension,and hypoimmunity.In this study,343 C.paliurus leaves were collected from 32 distinct populations covering most of the main distribution,to deduce the response of flavonoids and triterpenoids to seven environmental factors.Principal component analysis was performed using seven flavonoid and six triterpenoid compounds.The results show that altitude,latitude,and longitude significantly contributed to variations in total flavonoid and triterpenoid contents.In addition,the interaction of these metabolites was extensively correlated with environment changes,and therefore should be considered during selection and cultivation.
基金supported by grants from the City-University Cooperation Project of China(201904710111639).
文摘Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus(AMM),a member of the Leguminosae,is one of the most important medicinal plants worldwide.The dried roots of AMM have a wide range of pharmacological effects and are a traditional Chinese medicine.Here,we report the first chromosome-level reference genome of AMM,comprising nine pseudochromosomes with a total size of 1.47 Gb and 27868 protein-encoding genes.Comparative genomic analysis reveals that AMM has not experienced an independent wholegenome duplication(WGD)event after the WGD event shared by the Papilionoideae species.Analysis of long terminal repeat retrotransposons suggests a recent burst of these elements at approximately 0.13 million years ago,which may explain the large size of the AMM genome.Multiple gene families involved in the biosynthesis of triterpenoids and flavonoids were expanded,and our data indicate that tandemduplication has been the main driver for expansion of these families.Among the expanded families,the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family was primarily expressed in the roots of AMM,suggesting their roles in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds.The functional versatility of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase genes in cluster Ⅲ may play a critical role in the diversification of triterpenoids in AMM.Our findings provide novel insights into triterpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis and can facilitate future research on the genetics and medical applications of AMM.
基金supported by a high-level talent research fund project of Qingdao Agricultural University in China(1120043).
文摘Background:The male reproductive system consists of the testes,epididymis,accessory gonads,and genital ducts.The physiological integrity of the testicles is essential for successful sperm production,but the testes are susceptible to a variety of exogenous and endogenous toxins,which can lead to structural damage to tissues and sperm abnormalities.Spermatogenesis is always in a homeostatic process and is sensitive to changes in the external environment.Huperzia serrata flavonoids(HSF)have a variety of pharmacological effects,including the treatment of bruises,strains,etc.HSF can improve the reproductive function of male mice,so the purpose of this experiment is to explore whether huperzine flavonoids are involved in and regulate the male reproductive process.Methods:Our experimental animals were ICR mice,and samples were collected after 28 days of HSF treatment,and verified by a series of experimental methods such as immunofluorescence,immunohistochemistry,HE staining,protein hybridization,and screening of related genes.Results:RNA sequencing results showed that HSF up-regulated genes related to sperm development and differentiation in testes and promoted spermatogenesis.HSF is effective in promoting steroid hormone synthesis by modulating STAR,CYP11A1,and CYP17A1.Conclusion:Thus,HSF can regulate testicular gene expression,stabilize the gut microbiome,alter serum metabolites,and regulate steroid homeostasis.
文摘Terpenoids with quinoid structures are found as natural products. This includes steroidal quinones, quinones with a secosteroid structure and meroterpenoid quinones. Importantly, catechol estrogens as endogenous metabolites of estradiol and estrone are precursors of reactive quinones and semiquinones, which are thought to contribute to estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. On the other hand, a number of quinones that include substituted naphthoquinones and anthraquinones are highly cytotoxic and have been used in cancer treatment. This makes the structures interesting synthetic targets. The following is a review of important natural and synthetic terpenoid and steroid quinone hybrids.
文摘菝葜来源于百合科植物菝葜(Smilax China L.)的干燥根茎,含有丰富的甾体皂苷、黄酮、苯丙烷类和芪类等成分,以利湿去浊、祛风除痹,解毒散瘀的功效为人所知。菝葜具有较好的抗炎、调节糖脂代谢、抗氧化等生物活性,具有很高的药用价值。本文通过查阅近年来相关文献,对菝葜的化学成分及药理作用进行了系统的阐述,为菝葜在药品开发和利用中提供了充足的理论依据,以期进一步推动中药菝葜产业的健康、稳定、可持续发展。
